Somatoform Disorders (Somatoform Disorder)

Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)

Also Known As:

Networked: 386 relevant articles (39 outcomes, 74 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Somatoform Disorders (Somatoform Disorder)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
4.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
5.	Hypochondriasis

Experts

1.	Guo, Wenbin: 11 articles (01/2021 - 01/2015)
2.	Liu, Feng: 11 articles (01/2021 - 01/2015)
3.	Häuser, W: 9 articles (02/2022 - 08/2001)
4.	Su, Qinji: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2015)
5.	Zhang, Zhikun: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2015)
6.	Zhao, Jingping: 8 articles (01/2019 - 02/2016)
7.	Löwe, Bernd: 7 articles (10/2021 - 01/2008)
8.	Yu, Miaoyu: 6 articles (01/2021 - 01/2015)
9.	Kostev, Karel: 5 articles (04/2022 - 03/2018)
10.	Chen, Jindong: 5 articles (01/2019 - 07/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Somatoform Disorders:

1.	OpipramolIBA 05/01/2000 - "The results of this first-placebo-controlled study in somatoform disorders suggest efficacy of opipramol in this indication but need replication." 05/01/2000 - "Therefore, the efficacy of opipramol in somatoform disorders was evaluated using adequate clinical trial methods. " 05/01/2000 - "Opipramol for the treatment of somatoform disorders results from a placebo-controlled trial." 08/01/2003 - "Psychopharmacotherapy of somatoform disorders: effects of opipramol on symptoms of somatization, anxiety, and depression." 12/01/1998 - "[Opipramol (Insidon) in the treatment of somatoform disorders]."
2.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 07/01/1998 - "All randomized, placebo-controlled antidepressant treatment studies of patients diagnosed with psychogenic pain disorder or somatoform pain disorder were isolated. " 11/01/1998 - "Although the pharmacologic treatment of somatoform disorders has scarcely been investigated, there is reason to believe that antidepressants might be useful. " 07/01/1998 - "The results indicate that, in patients diagnosed with psychogenic pain or somatoform pain disorder, antidepressant treatment resulted in a reduction in pain that was significantly greater than that of placebo. " 01/01/2021 - "Conclusions: The strategy for choosing an antidepressant to provide multidisciplinary care for somatoform disorders in women with exacerbation of severe COPD (group D) should take into account the efficacy and favorable safety profile and personalization of the drug. " 08/01/2017 - "The clinical treatment of somatoform pain disorder (SPD) commonly combines antianxiety and antidepressant medication with pain medication, yet the method often entails a lengthy treatment, with uncertain outcomes, and, on occasion, significant side effects. "
3.	Sertraline (Zoloft)FDA LinkGeneric 02/15/2008 - "Fluoxetine versus sertraline in the treatment of patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder: a randomized, open-label, 12-week, parallel-group trial." 02/15/2008 - "The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of fluoxetine and sertraline in the treatment of undifferentiated somatoform disorder (USD), using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), which was specifically designed for assessing the severity of somatic symptoms. " 01/01/2016 - "To assess the efficacy of monotherapy with sertraline or its combinations with phenazepam or thioridazine in patients with somatoform disorders. " 12/01/2010 - "According to this clinical trial, Olanzapine and Sertraline are effective in ameliorating symptoms of depression, anxiety and aggression, reducing sensitivity in interpersonal relationships and alleviating obsessive symptoms, pessimistic behaviors and somatization disorders in patients with personality disorders on methadone maintenance therapy. " 03/01/2017 - "To explore the safety and efficacy of the selective 5-serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine hydrochloride and alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (alpha-blocker) doxazosin mesylate-controlled tablets in the treatment of pain disorder in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).In all, 150 patients were enrolled and 126 patients completed the study (41 patients in the doxazosin group, 41 patients in the sertraline group, and 44 patients in the duloxetine group). "
4.	Hypericum extract LI 160IBA 07/01/2004 - "Administration of 600 mg of SJW extract LI 160 daily is effective and safe in the treatment of somatoform disorders, thereby confirming results from a previous study." 11/01/2002 - "Therefore, the efficacy of the Hypericum extract LI 160 in patients with somatoform disorders should be studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion. " 11/01/2002 - "The data from this trial show excellent efficacy and tolerability for LI 160 in somatoform disorders. " 11/01/2002 - "St John's wort extract (LI 160) in somatoform disorders: results of a placebo-controlled trial." 07/01/2004 - "To investigate efficacy and safety of St. John's wort (SJW) LI 160 in somatoform disorders. "
5.	Duloxetine Hydrochloride (Cymbalta)FDA Link 09/05/2022 - "Thus, Duloxetine is a promising treatment for severe IBS with somatoform disorders. " 05/01/2012 - "Duloxetine may be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of adolescents with somatoform disorder. " 05/01/2012 - "Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with somatoform disorder. " 05/01/2012 - "Duloxetine in the treatment of adolescents with somatoform disorders: a report of two cases." 02/01/2016 - "To evaluate clinical effect and safety of floating needle therapy and duloxetine in treating patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD). "
6.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 01/01/2011 - "Recommendations about the effectiveness of antipsychotics in the treatment of somatoform disorders need to be differentiated according to the type of subcategory. " 01/01/2011 - "The search terms used were the somatoform disorders and functional disorders in combination with 'antipsychotic agent' and all individual antipsychotics. " 01/01/2011 - "To provide a review of the literature on the use of antipsychotic agents in patients with somatoform disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "Antipsychotics are regularly prescribed in the treatment of somatoform disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "[Antipsychotic agents in the treatment of somatoform disorders; a review]."
7.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 09/01/2004 - "Somatization disorder was associated with significantly greater numbers of gastrointestinal and other symptoms, psychiatric disorders, physicians consulted, telephone calls to physicians, urgent care visits, medication changes, and missed work days and with benzodiazepine use. " 01/01/2016 - "[The efficacy of benzodiazepines and low-potent antipsychotics as adjunctive therapy of somatoform disorders]." 01/01/2020 - "Variables most strongly associated with persistent opioid use were a history of benzodiazepine use (RR 1.99; 95% CI 1.43-2.78; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.22), antidepressant use (RR 1.91, 95% CI 1.45-2.53; aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.18), and a pre-existing pain disorder (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.26-1.99; aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.85) in the year before treatment. " 02/01/2011 - "Conversion disorder is usually treated with benzodiazepines and pain disorder with light analgesics, tricyclics and tegretol. "
8.	Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2017 - "A recent study established the presence of glutamatergic overactivation in somatization disorder, a form of SSD. " 01/01/2016 - "Although there have been limited numbers of studies that have examined the recognition of facial emotion in patients with somatoform disorders, our study is the first to investigate facial recognition in patients with SSD diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria. " 01/01/2023 - "Prior research has validated the scale's reliability, validity and theoretical framework in somatoform disorders, indicating its potential as a valuable tool for SSD screening in general hospitals. " 11/07/2017 - "The operationalization of the diagnosis and severity specifications of SSD was valid, but the diagnostic agreement between DSM-5 SSD and DSM-IV somatoform disorders was small. " 11/07/2017 - "With the operationalization, the frequency of DSM-5 SSD was estimated as 36.5% in our sample, and that of DSM-IV somatoform disorders was 8.2%. "
9.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 08/01/2001 - "Patients with somatoform pain disorder should be treated with opioids only in clinical studies. " 12/08/2017 - "After all, SCD is a severe pain disorder with a clear indication for opioids, and mistrust is already a major issue. " 07/15/2016 - "Moreover, opioid prescription is not indicated properly, when predominantly persons with psychological distress like somatoform disorders are treated with opioids. " 04/01/2016 - "Many patients with somatoform pain disorder were treated with opioids. " 01/01/2016 - "Abuse/addiction of prescribed opioids was associated with younger age, diagnoses of somatoform pain disorder, depression and prescription of tranquilizers. "
10.	7,7'- dimethoxy- (4,4'- bi- 1,3- benzodioxole)- 5,5'- dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (BDD)IBA 01/01/2023 - "The ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for BDD represent an improvement over those for Somatoform Disorders in ICD-10 in regard to clinicians' diagnostic accuracy and perceived clinical utility." 02/01/2016 - "Although previously BDD was classified as a separate disorder (somatoform disorder), our findings give pathophysiological support for the recent reclassification of BDD to the OCRD in DSM-5. " 08/15/2000 - "In addition, BDD, either somatoform disorder, and any grooming condition occurred more frequently in case relatives, whether or not case probands also had the same diagnosis. " 01/01/2020 - "Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), together with its subtype muscle dysmorphia (MD), has been relocated from the Somatoform Disorders category in the DSM-IV to the newly created Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders category in the DSM-5. " 01/01/2020 - "The body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) belongs to the somatoform disorders and is characterized by an excessive concern about a slight or not apparent defect in appearance. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2016 - "Cognitive behavioural therapy has proved to be an effective treatment for somatoform disorders. " 01/01/2019 - "Re: Jing et al., the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy in somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 01/01/2019 - "The efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy in somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 03/01/2020 - "An exploratory study of factors influencing acceptance of yoga therapy in somatoform disorder." 01/01/2017 - "In the context of a randomized, waiting-list controlled trial 48 patients who suffered from ≥3 MUS over ≥6 months received 5 therapy-preparing sessions and 20 sessions of CBT for somatoform disorders. "
2.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) 01/01/2016 - "Low Level Laser Therapy Versus Pharmacotherapy in Improving Myofascial Pain Disorder Syndrome." 11/01/2017 - "Because LLLT has been found effective in treating various pain syndromes without known side effects, we conducted a study evaluating the effect of LLLT on provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), a complex sexual pain disorder characterized by pain confined to the vulvar vestibule in response to contact or pressure. " 01/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) compared to pharmacotherapy with NSAIDs (naproxen) in myofascial pain disorder syndrome (MPDS). "
3.	Moxibustion 01/24/2014 - "Acupuncture and moxibustion are helpful in treating somatoform disorders, especially musculoskeletal symptoms. " 05/12/2022 - "pain disorder and bi syndrome) with acupuncture and moxibustion. " 04/12/2017 - "[Clinical experience of acupuncture and moxibustion in the diagnosis and treatment of persistent somatoform pain disorder]." 11/01/2006 - "[Differentiation of somatoform disorders in TCM acupuncture-moxibustion outpatient service]." 11/01/2006 - "Somatoform disorders were most marked by pain, abnormal sensation of the skin mainly on the head, four limbs, etc. in TCM acupuncture and moxibustion clinic department, and the severities of anxiety and depression in the somatoform disorders group are lower than those in other two groups, and stagnation of the liver-qi is main TCM syndrome. "
4.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 01/01/2015 - "Hypnotherapy of a pain disorder: a clinical case study." 02/01/2011 - "In terms of psychotherapy, treatments most effective for somatoform disorders have been found to be cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnosis and biofeedback." 01/01/2015 - "This study reveals, in addition to this mechanism, a deeper dimension of hypnotherapy from the vantage of a patient with a medical-surgical background, diagnosed with a pain disorder and major severe depressive disorder in addition to incurable painful symptoms, through treatment associated with hypnoanalysis. " 01/01/2003 - "Forty-four outpatients with conversion disorder, motor type, or somatization disorder with motor conversion symptoms, were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or a waiting-list condition. "
5.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 08/01/2003 - "Biofeedback-based interventions in somatoform disorders: a randomized controlled trial." 02/01/2011 - "In terms of psychotherapy, treatments most effective for somatoform disorders have been found to be cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnosis and biofeedback." 08/01/2003 - "The aim of the controlled therapy study was to evaluate the effect of a 6 session biofeedback intervention program on cognitive aspects of patients with somatoform disorders. "