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Sodium Oxybate (gamma Hydroxybutyrate)

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The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Anesthetic used for both induction and maintenance. It may cause bradycardia and dyskinesias.

Also Known As:

gamma Hydroxybutyrate; Xyrem; Gamma-OH; Köhler Brand of Sodium Oxybate; Orphan Brand of Sodium Oxybate; SERB Brand of Sodium Oxybate; Somsanit; 4 Hydroxybutyrate Sodium; Gamma OH; Oxybate, Sodium; Oxybutyrate, Sodium; Sodium gamma Hydroxybutyrate; 4-Hydroxybutyrate Sodium; Oxybate Sodium; Sodium Oxybutyrate; Sodium gamma-Hydroxybutyrate; gamma-Hydroxybutyrate; Butanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, monosodium salt

Networked: 429 relevant articles (59 outcomes, 59 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58
- Carboxylic Acids: 83
  - Hydroxy Acids: 24
    - 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: 619
      - Hydroxybutyrates: 1
        Sodium Oxybate: 429
        tuliposide A: 2
        6-tuliposide A: 1
        tuliposide D: 1
  - Acyclic Acids
    - Butyric Acids: 11
      - 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: 619
        Hydroxybutyrates: 1
        Sodium Oxybate: 429
        tuliposide A: 2
        6-tuliposide A: 1
        tuliposide D: 1

Experts

1.	Dauvilliers, Yves: 9 articles (09/2014 - 12/2004)
2.	Black, Jed: 8 articles (01/2015 - 11/2004)
3.	Donjacour, Claire E H M: 7 articles (10/2015 - 03/2011)
4.	Nishino, Seiji: 7 articles (10/2011 - 06/2005)
5.	Hornfeldt, Carl S: 7 articles (12/2010 - 06/2002)
6.	Pijl, Hanno: 6 articles (10/2015 - 03/2011)
7.	Overeem, Sebastiaan: 6 articles (10/2015 - 03/2011)
8.	Arnulf, Isabelle: 6 articles (06/2014 - 11/2004)
9.	Lammers, Gert Jan: 6 articles (01/2014 - 01/2010)
10.	Smith, Stephen W: 6 articles (12/2011 - 01/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Narcolepsy 09/01/2009 - "The nightly administration of sodium oxybate results in significant reduction in the nocturnal sleep disruption of patients with narcolepsy." 02/01/2002 - "Sodium oxybate significantly improved symptoms in patients with narcolepsy and was well tolerated." 10/15/2005 - "When combined with its previously demonstrated anticataplectic effects, the results of the current study indicate sodium oxybate is the first drug to demonstrate efficacy for the 2 major symptoms of narcolepsy." 10/15/2005 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrates sodium oxybate is effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy." 03/01/2008 - "Sodium oxybate appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for all the key symptoms of the two forms of narcolepsy."
2.	Cataplexy 09/01/2005 - "In the largest study of its kind, sodium oxybate was highly effective for the treatment of cataplexy. " 03/01/2006 - "Sodium oxybate is safe and effective for the treatment of cataplexy. " 03/01/2006 - "In placebo-controlled trials, sodium oxybate demonstrated efficacy in reducing the number of cataplexy attacks. " 03/01/2006 - "Study selection included human trials evaluating safety and efficacy of sodium oxybate for the treatment of cataplexy. " 03/01/2004 - "This controlled trial provides evidence supporting the long-term efficacy of sodium oxybate for the treatment of cataplexy. "
3.	Seizures (Seizure) 01/01/1967 - "[On the mode of action of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate employed as protection against hyperoxic convulsions]." 07/15/2014 - "The patient was later weaned off sodium oxybate, and a repeat study did not show any such electrographic seizures. " 07/15/2014 - "An overnight full montage electroencephalography (EEG) study revealed numerous frontally predominant rhythmic 1.5-2 Hz sharp waves and spike-wave activity during stage N2 and N3 sleep at the peak dose time for sodium oxybate, resembling atypical absence-like electrographic seizures. " 07/15/2014 - "We present the first reported human case of absence-like electrographic seizure associated with sodium oxybate." 06/01/1993 - "Epileptogenic spikes and seizures but not high voltage spindles are induced by local frontal cortical application of gamma-hydroxybutyrate."
4.	Reperfusion Injury 05/01/1994 - "Treatment with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a compound that we have previously demonstrated to be highly effective in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury, significantly reduced both the microvascular stasis and leukocyte accumulation in all three vascular beds. " 05/01/2004 - "gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been reported to exert protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury to various organs. " 10/01/1992 - "We have previously shown that gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) protects the small intestine against ischemia/reperfusion injury. " 05/01/2004 - "gamma-hydroxybutyrate protects the liver from warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat." 01/01/1997 - "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous regulator of energy metabolism, showed beneficial effects on experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and liver graft function. "
5.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia) 05/26/2000 - "In conclusion, these results indicate that gamma-hydroxybutyrate provides significant protection against both histological and behavioral consequences of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats." 01/01/2008 - "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate accelerates functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia." 02/06/2004 - "Effect of late treatment with gamma-hydroxybutyrate on the histological and behavioral consequences of transient brain ischemia in the rat." 05/26/2000 - "Neuroprotective effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat." 09/01/1992 - "[Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on monoamine metabolism and protein synthesis after transient global cerebral ischemia]."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Sodium Oxybate (gamma Hydroxybutyrate)
2.	modafinil (armodafinil)
3.	Tricyclic Antidepressive Agents (Tricyclic Antidepressants)
4.	Sodium
5.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
6.	Hypnotics and Sedatives (Sedatives)
7.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)
8.	4-hydroxybutyric acid
9.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
10.	4-Butyrolactone (gamma Butyrolactone)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Anesthesia
3.	Intravenous Injections
4.	Stents
5.	Analgesia