Sjogren's Syndrome (Sjogren Syndrome)

Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.

Also Known As:

Networked: 858 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 64 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Xerostomia
2.	Xerophthalmia
3.	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease)
4.	Inflammation
5.	Infection

Experts

1.	Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M: 9 articles (06/2014 - 06/2002)
2.	Suresh, Lakshmanan: 7 articles (01/2015 - 12/2012)
3.	Sakarellos-Daitsiotis, Maria: 7 articles (09/2008 - 06/2002)
4.	Sakarellos, Constantinos: 7 articles (09/2008 - 06/2002)
5.	Malyavantham, Kishore: 6 articles (01/2015 - 12/2012)
6.	Ambrus, Julian L: 6 articles (01/2015 - 12/2012)
7.	Shen, Long: 6 articles (01/2015 - 12/2012)
8.	Tzioufas, Athanasios G: 6 articles (06/2014 - 06/2002)
9.	Mariette, X: 6 articles (04/2014 - 09/2002)
10.	Witte, Torsten: 6 articles (01/2014 - 06/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sjogren's Syndrome:

1.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 02/01/2014 - "EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) is sensitive to show efficacy of rituximab treatment in a randomised controlled trial." 06/01/2013 - "Efficacy of rituximab in systemic manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome: results in 78 patients of the AutoImmune and Rituximab registry." 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of rituximab in primary Sjogren's syndrome with peripheral nervous system involvement: results from the AIR registry." 03/19/2008 - "Anti-B cell treatments have been used recently in SLE and primary Sjogren's syndrome in a number of open studies, notably anti-CD20 (rituximab), with encouraging results. " 01/01/2013 - "Serum levels of BAFF, but not APRIL, are increased after rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: data from a placebo-controlled clinical trial."
2.	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)IBA 05/01/1996 - "Our study showed that RA patients with a predominant increase of IgA-RF had a more erosive disease and a high frequency of associated sicca syndrome." 05/01/1996 - "We observed that patients with RA associated with increased IgA-RF more often had the sicca syndrome, but no other extra-articular features. " 11/01/1994 - "APF-IgA, though correlated with the presence of secondary sicca syndrome in RA (p = 0.0023), was not more frequent (5/22) in primary Sjögren's sera. " 08/01/1985 - "A sicca syndrome (positive Schirmer-test) was found in 46% of patients with IgA-GN and 17% of non-IgA-GN and 8% of controls (p less than 0.001). " 02/01/2013 - "Linear IgA dermatosis in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome."
3.	SS-B antibodiesIBA 07/01/2009 - "She was diagnosed as having primary Sjögren's syndrome based on sicca syndrome, polyclonal hyper-gamma-globulinemia, and positive results for anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies. " 08/01/2002 - "The low frequency of anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies in these patients denotes different pathogenetic associations from primary Sjogren's syndrome." 06/01/1997 - "Phage clones selected for the presence of insert both by gene and antigenic analyses were used in the ELISA to detect anti-La/SS-B antibodies from patients with Sjogren's syndrome and SLE. " 07/01/1996 - "HCV-positive sicca syndrome patients had specific clinical characteristics and were seronegative for SS-A/SS-B antibodies. " 07/01/1996 - "In contrast, anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies were present in 38% of HCV-negative sicca syndrome patients, but in only 1 HCV-positive sicca syndrome patient (P < 0.01). "
4.	cevimeline (Evoxac)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "Moreover, cevimeline significantly improved the salivary flow rate in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. " 01/01/2008 - "Several well designed placebo-controlled trials demonstrated that 4-12 weeks' therapy with cevimeline 30 mg three times daily improved symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. " 01/01/2008 - "Increased salivary flow was maintained in the longer term with cevimeline in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and symptoms of dry mouth, according to the results of an open-label 52-week study. " 01/01/2008 - "Oral cevimeline 30 mg three times daily was generally well tolerated in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, with many of the most commonly reported adverse events reflecting the pharmacological action of the drug." 03/01/2011 - "Cevimeline (Evoxac ®) is an oral muscarinic agent that has been recently approved for the treatment of xerostomia in the setting of Sjogren's syndrome. "
5.	CholesterolIBA 09/01/1981 - "GLA administration to humans has been found to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and to cause clinical improvement in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma and alcoholism. " 03/01/1996 - "Studies of total lipids--squalene, cholesterol and sterol ethers, fatty acids and their ethers, lanosterol, oxysterols and phospholipids in 25 patients (50 eyes) with Sjogren's disease and 26 patients (52 eyes) with Sjogren's syndrome have revealed a statistically significant reduction of phospholipid quantities and an increase in fatty acids, and cholesterol in patients vs. the normal subjects. "
6.	AutoantibodiesIBA 03/01/2003 - "To develop an improved substrate for indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) for detecting anti-Ro60/Sjogren's syndrome A (Ro/SSA) autoantibodies. " 01/01/2015 - "Investigation of novel autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome utilizing Sera from the Sjogren's international collaborative clinical alliance cohort." 09/01/2014 - "Autoantibodies are clues to an early diagnosis, as positivity confirms an autoimmune origin of the sicca syndrome and may appear several years before the disease diagnosis. " 01/01/2014 - "This report emphasizes the existence of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome who lack autoantibodies anti-Ro or anti-La and may therefore be misdiagnosed. " 12/01/2013 - "The inhibitory effects of antimuscarinic autoantibodies in the sera of primary Sjogren syndrome patients on the gastrointestinal motility."
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 01/01/2006 - "[Lacrimal proteins electrophoretic analysis--diagnostic method in secondary Sjogren syndrome]." 01/01/2006 - "[Electrophoretic analysis of lacrimal proteins--a diagnostic method in secondary Sjogren syndrome]." 01/01/2011 - "A total of 28, 6, 7 and 12 protein spots were found to be significantly different in pSS samples with respect to healthy volunteers, non-SS sicca syndrome, SSc-sSS and rheumatoid arthritis-sSS, leading to the identification of 15 differently expressed proteins. " 03/01/2005 - "Minor gland saliva flow rate and proteins in subjects with hyposalivation due to Sjogren's syndrome and radiation therapy." 01/01/2011 - "Finally, we labeled proteins of interest in salivary gland biopsies from Sjogren's syndrome patients, compared to Sicca syndrome controls. "
8.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 06/18/2014 - "IgG-anti-CCP antibody was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also anti-Sjogren's syndrome type A (SSA) and Sjogren's syndrome type B (SSB) antibody were assayed by immunoblotting. " 01/01/2012 - "Whether IgG4 RD plays a role in the development of sicca syndrome and particularly dry mouth syndrome remains to be investigated. " 12/01/2011 - "IgG4 multiorgan lymphoproliferative syndrome as a differential diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome in men?" 05/01/2005 - "To assess the relevance of serum CA-II Ab and IgG4 levels for the diagnosis of ACP in idiopathic CP (ICP) versus alcoholic CP and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). " 12/01/2004 - "However, acute application of IgG from Sjogren's syndrome patients produced a rapidly reversible reduction in the agonist-stimulated elevation in [Ca(2+)](i). "
9.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 03/01/1995 - "Similarly, the salivary IgM levels of patients with pSS were higher (although at a lower degree of statistical significance) as compared to those of patients with sicca syndrome (p < 0.01) or controls (p < 0.05). " 09/01/1985 - "The MoAb also reacts with a proportion of IgM-RF molecules from the sera of rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjogren's syndrome patients, and from the sera of seropositive normal human subjects. " 03/01/2011 - "The authors determined serum levels of CARF and anti-CCP2 by ELISA and IgM-RF by a immunonephelometric method in 834 controls and in 397 patients with the following conditions: RA (100), non-RA rheumatic diseases [systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 30, primary Sjogren's syndrome 18, systemic sclerosis 30, inflammatory myositis 19], chronic viral hepatitis B and C (HBV 100, HCV 100). " 04/01/1993 - "The bioptic focus scores, graded according Greenspan's criteria, of minor salivary glands of 20 patients with pSS or sicca syndrome were directly correlated with a high significance (p < 0.001) to IgG salivary levels and with a lower significance (p < 0.05) with IgM salivary levels. " 04/01/1993 - "Moreover the IgG and IgM salivary levels in the first group of patients were higher than in the group of patients suffering from sicca syndrome (p < 0.05) and in the control group (p < 0.02). "
10.	Rheumatoid FactorIBA 01/01/1986 - "Expression of a cross-reactive idiotype on rheumatoid factor in patients with Sjogren's syndrome." 01/01/2000 - "By multivariate logistic regression analysis, 4 parameters were significantly associated with cryoglobulin positivity: systemic vasculitis (p = 0.01, odds ratio OR[ = 17.3), HIV positivity (p = 0.0006, OR = 10.2), rheumatoid factor positivity (p = 0.01, OR = 2.8), and sicca syndrome (p = 0.03, OR = 0.27). " 07/01/1993 - "[Rheumatoid factor, subcutaneous nodules and Sjogren's syndrome in rheumatoid polyarthritis in Magreb]." 05/01/2002 - "TNF microsatellite alleles were not related to the prevalences of bone erosion, rheumatoid nodule, sicca syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, and seropositivity of rheumatoid factor (RF) in patients with RA. " 10/01/2015 - "She had polyarthritis, edematous fingers with Raynaud's phenomenon, sicca syndrome, interstitial lung disease, possible myositis, and was positive for anti-nuclear antibody, anti-nRNP antibody and rheumatoid factor. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 09/01/2012 - "Last year was marked by important clinical and mechanistic studies that improved our understanding of B-cell immunotherapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome. " 09/01/2012 - "Updates on B-cell immunotherapies for systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 05/01/2010 - "Severe dysphagia in a 54 year-old woman with Sjogren's syndrome with involvement of multiple cranial nerves significantly improved after treatment with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in combination with a swallowing rehabilitation program. " 01/01/2013 - "118 patients completed HQLQ and rheumatological questionnaires before and after treatment with pegylated interferon- α and ribavirin, with specific regard to chronic widespread pain, sicca syndrome, and sustained virological response. "
3.	Retreatment 02/01/2009 - "Treatment of primary Sjogren syndrome with rituximab: extended follow-up, safety and efficacy of retreatment."
4.	Oral Hygiene (Dental Hygiene) 03/01/2002 - "The purpose of this open study was to examine and compare the interventory effects of daily use of bovine colostrum-containing oral hygiene products (CHP) on oral symptoms and findings in 20 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and 20 age-matched patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). " 09/01/2011 - "Instruction and reinforcement of oral hygiene, along with frequent dental assessment and management by the dentist are essential measures to preserve the oral health of those affected with CREST syndrome in progression to SS, complicated with Sjogren's syndrome." 08/01/2011 - "Prevention of mouth infections and caries implies patient education and teaching about mouth and dental hygiene, periodontal maintenance, and treatment of sicca syndrome. " 09/01/1995 - "The first differential diagnosis is bacterial parotitis; other causes of gland enlargement are viral infections, lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoidosis, Sjogren's syndrome, malnutrition cirrhosis, vomiting, and poor oral hygiene. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/2013 - "To study, by a new, integrated, laser scanning confocal microscopy approach, the ocular surface morpho-functional unit in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (SSI), non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye (non-SSDE), and meibomian gland disease (MGD). " 09/01/2006 - "Identification of parotid salivary biomarkers in Sjogren's syndrome by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis."