Transfer RNA (tRNA)

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

Also Known As:

Networked: 969 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 45 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Guan, Min-Xin: 10 articles (03/2015 - 07/2002)
2.	Suzuki, Tsutomu: 9 articles (03/2015 - 05/2003)
3.	Taylor, Robert W: 8 articles (09/2013 - 05/2003)
4.	Pan, Tao: 6 articles (04/2013 - 02/2005)
5.	Kirino, Yohei: 5 articles (07/2015 - 10/2004)
6.	Kim, Sunghoon: 5 articles (01/2015 - 09/2002)
7.	Florentz, Catherine: 5 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Dedon, Peter C: 5 articles (01/2015 - 12/2010)
9.	Mimori, Tsuneyo: 5 articles (01/2014 - 12/2003)
10.	McFarland, Robert: 5 articles (09/2013 - 04/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 04/01/1996 - "This is the first time that such a tRNA antisense strategy has been shown to be effective as a genetic treatment of HIV-1 infection in tissue culture. " 05/05/1988 - "These studies have identified mutants specifically defective in one of the tRNA-like activities, which are appropriate for investigating the role of these activities during infection in vivo." 10/01/2015 - "Emerging Roles of tRNA-derived Fragments in Viral Infections: The Case of Respiratory Syncytial Virus." 02/01/2014 - "These details improve our understanding of subsequent stages of infection, including endocytosis and RNA transfer into the cytoplasm. " 01/01/2014 - "Fragmentation of tRNA in Phytophthora infestans asexual life cycle stages and during host plant infection."
2.	Dehydration (Water Stress) 01/01/2015 - "Here, we describe a protocol that combines post-crystallization dehydration and ion replacement that dramatically improved the diffraction quality of crystals of a large gene-regulatory tRNA-mRNA complex. " 09/02/2014 - "Replacement of Li(+) and Mg(2+) needed for growth of crystals of a tRNA-riboswitch-protein complex with Sr(2+), coupled with dehydration, dramatically improved the resolution limit (8.5-3.2 Å) and data quality, enabling structure determination. " 09/25/2015 - "Escherichia coli TcdA (also known as CsdL) was previously shown to catalyze the ATP-dependent dehydration/cyclization of hypermodified tRNA N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine into further cyclic N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine. " 11/15/2005 - "That blue shift is due to an increase a higher energy of bonds as a result of shortening of hydrogen bonds followed by dehydration of tRNA. " 06/01/1994 - "Therefore, it can be speculated that the chargeable conformation of tRNA induced by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase during enzymatic aminoacylation and the one created at high pressure are similar and are most probably formed by a dehydration mechanism. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2014 - "In this study, we have asked if changes in the serum abundance of these tRNA and YRNA fragments are associated with a diagnosis of cancer. " 04/01/2013 - "However, several studies over the past 10 years have linked tRNA misregulation to cancer. " 12/01/1997 - "As part of a study to investigate the possible mechanisms by which alterations of translational machinery can start and/or sustain carcinogenic cell proliferation, in this communication we report analysis of tRNA distribution in two gastro-intestinal human tumors. " 04/01/1973 - "Chromatographic studies of tyrosyl and phenylalanyl transfer RNA's of liver and tumor cells." 05/07/2015 - "Our findings reveal a tumor-suppressive role for specific tRNA-derived fragments and describe a molecular mechanism for their action. "
4.	Starvation 03/01/2009 - "Here, we provide strong evidence that a network of hydrophobic interactions centered on Leu-856 also promotes latency by constraining helix alphaC rotation in the KD in a manner relieved during amino acid starvation by tRNA binding and autophosphorylation of Thr-882 in the activation loop. " 01/01/2012 - "Each of these strains showed a distinct starvation-specific profile of tRNA and rRNA fragment accumulation. " 05/01/2011 - "The current model is that Dhh1 and Pat1 function in parallel to promote starvation-induced tRNA nuclear accumulation." 11/07/2008 - "Accumulation of uncharged tRNA has been previously proposed to be involved in the inhibition of mTORC1 signaling during amino acid starvation. " 07/01/2006 - "Therefore, the extent of inhibition is associated with the rate of starvation for a specific tRNA. "
5.	Shock 10/01/2006 - "Since, tRNAs facilitate protein synthesis via translation, this observed increase in amino acid-tRNA transcriptome levels, in concert with elevated heat-shock chaperones, might account for improved productivities often observed for thermo-inducible systems. " 09/12/2013 - "tRNAs as well as tRNA fragments serve as Dcr-2 substrates, and Dcr-2 degrades tRNA-derived sequences, especially under heat-shock conditions. " 03/13/2009 - "When heat shock prematurely dissociates a translating bacterial ribosome, its 50S subunit is prevented from reinitiating protein synthesis by tRNA covalently linked to the unfinished protein chain that remains threaded through the exit tunnel. " 10/01/1996 - "Transcription of the mutL repair, miaA tRNA modification, hfq pleiotropic regulator, and hflA region protease genes of Escherichia coli K-12 from clustered Esigma32-specific promoters during heat shock." 04/01/2013 - "berghei exhibited variable rates of tRNA cleavage upon egress from host cells and in response to stage differentiation, amino acid starvation and heat-shock. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Transfer RNA (tRNA)
2.	Ligases
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
4.	Amino Acids
5.	Selenium
6.	Anticodon
7.	Selenoproteins (Selenoprotein)
8.	Selenocysteine
9.	Riboswitch
10.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Subcutaneous Injections
4.	Injections