Riboflavin Deficiency

A dietary deficiency of riboflavin causing a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis associated with a purplish red or magenta-colored tongue that may show fissures, corneal vascularization, dyssebacia, and anemia. (Dorland, 27th ed)

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Networked: 273 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
2.	Hyperbilirubinemia
3.	Vitamin B 6 Deficiency (Pyridoxine Deficiency)
4.	Malaria
5.	Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Experts

1.	Powers, Hilary J: 6 articles (06/2011 - 02/2003)
2.	Zempleni, Janos: 5 articles (09/2014 - 05/2005)
3.	Mushtaq, Sohail: 3 articles (06/2011 - 01/2009)
4.	Dainty, Jack R: 3 articles (06/2011 - 06/2007)
5.	Allen, Lindsay H: 3 articles (05/2007 - 04/2002)
6.	Manthey, Karoline C: 3 articles (04/2006 - 05/2005)
7.	Liu, Yang: 2 articles (11/2015 - 08/2015)
8.	Feng, Lin: 2 articles (11/2015 - 08/2015)
9.	Zhou, Xiao-Qiu: 2 articles (11/2015 - 08/2015)
10.	Tang, Ling: 2 articles (11/2015 - 08/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Riboflavin Deficiency:

1.	Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1982 - "Clinical signs associated with riboflavin deficiency improved more rapidly in the supplemented group; their breast milk riboflavin levels increased, and their infants' AC's were reduced, compared with those of the placebo group. " 11/01/2009 - "Although a number of studies have reported riboflavin deficiency in free-living older people, no data are available on riboflavin intake and status in older people during acute illness. " 08/28/2013 - "In conclusion, macrophages are sensitive to riboflavin deficiency; thus, a low riboflavin intake in the diet may affect the immune system and may consequently decrease proper host immune defence." 08/28/2013 - "Signs of riboflavin deficiency developed in RAW 264.7 cells within 4 d of culture in the medium with a low riboflavin concentration (3·1 nM). " 07/01/2012 - "Genetic defects of the riboflavin transport have been detected in Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere and Fazio-Londe syndromes (C20orf54), and haploinsufficiency of GPR172B has been proposed in one patient to cause persistent riboflavin deficiency. "
2.	Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1983 - "The RFF diet induced biochemical riboflavin deficiency, decreased food intake and body weight gain, and was associated with almost complete protection against acetaminophen toxicity. " 01/01/1983 - "Our results suggest that riboflavin deficiency protects rats against acetaminophen toxicity but it is confounded by decreased food consumption and body weight." 01/01/1983 - "After riboflavin deficiency was established by determining erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient, rats in all groups were administered a toxic dose of acetaminophen (1 g/kg body weight) orally. "
3.	IronIBA 01/01/1992 - "The results of the study indicate that the efficiency of iron utilization is impaired in riboflavin deficiency, but that iron absorption is unaffected." 01/01/2009 - "Recent National Diet and Nutrition Surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that young women in particular are at risk of moderate riboflavin deficiency and low iron status. " 08/01/1996 - "Impaired iron handling in riboflavin deficiency is thought to be partially a result of significant morphological and cytokinetic changes within the small intestine. " 03/01/1993 - "A proposed intestinal mechanism for the effect of riboflavin deficiency on iron loss in the rat." 01/01/1992 - "Riboflavin deficiency and iron absorption in adult Gambian men."
4.	Glutathione Reductase (Glutathione-Disulfide Reductase)IBA 11/01/1998 - "Studies in developing countries like India have revealed a very high incidence of biochemical riboflavin deficiency, particularly in women and children as judged by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation test (EGR-AC). " 03/01/2010 - "Both liver glutathione reductase (GR) activity and its activation coefficient (GR-AC) poorly responded to riboflavin deficiency. " 07/01/2000 - "Riboflavin deficiency was expressed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient of 1.4 or greater. " 07/01/1999 - "Riboflavin deficiency, as assessed by an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) of more than 1.35 was identified in 77% of the subjects. " 06/01/1991 - "However, 35 per cent of SBF infants examined suffered from biochemical riboflavin deficiency as judged by the glutathione reductase test. "
5.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)IBA 02/01/2007 - "Yet, under laboratory conditions, Bcrp1(-/-) pups showed no riboflavin deficiency due to concomitant milk secretion of its cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide, which was not affected. " 02/01/1987 - "In the hypothyroid rat, the flavin adenine dinucleotide level of the liver decreases to levels observed in riboflavin deficiency. " 01/01/1977 - "2. The activation of the white cell enzyme by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in vitro was measured during an eight week period of dietary riboflavin deficiency in weanling rats. " 10/01/1983 - "The present study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with chlorpromazine accelerates the depletion of tissue stores of flavin adenine dinucleotide during dietary riboflavin deficiency. " 01/01/1991 - "The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) is an index of riboflavin deficiency or, more exactly, of FAD deficiency in man. "
6.	Acid PhosphataseIBA 01/01/1969 - "[Influence of riboflavin deficiency on the activity of acid phosphatase in maternal and fetal organs of rats]." 08/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, and complement component 3 content in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). " 10/01/1991 - "Superoxide level and acid phosphatase activity were not influenced by either of the deficiencies, whereas hydrogen peroxide level was increased by 48% in riboflavin deficiency. " 11/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and contents of complement component 3 and reduced glutathione in the intestine of fish (P < 0.05). "
7.	Muramidase (Lysozyme)IBA 08/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, and complement component 3 content in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). " 11/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and contents of complement component 3 and reduced glutathione in the intestine of fish (P < 0.05). "
8.	Complement C3 (C3 Complement)IBA 08/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, and complement component 3 content in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). " 11/01/2015 - "The study indicated that riboflavin deficiency decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and contents of complement component 3 and reduced glutathione in the intestine of fish (P < 0.05). "
9.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)IBA 05/01/1990 - "It is proposed that riboflavin deficiency restricts regeneration of reduced glutathione making the parasitized erythrocytes more vulnerable to destructive lipid peroxidation and increasing plasma lipid hydroperoxides." 09/01/1988 - "Riboflavin deficiency and glutathione metabolism in rats: possible mechanisms underlying altered responses to hemolytic stimuli." 12/01/1984 - "Riboflavin deficiency was prevalent, with about 90% of the subjects having an erythrocyte glutathione activation coefficient over 1.2. " 09/01/1981 - "Riboflavin deficiency in man: effects on haemoglobin and reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of different ages." 07/01/1991 - "Glutathione and related indices in rat lenses, liver and red cells during riboflavin deficiency and its correction."
10.	EnzymesIBA 08/01/1990 - "The effect of riboflavin deficiency on the fluidity and function of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane and on the activity of some enzymes involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms was studied. " 09/01/1989 - "This result indicates that the effect of riboflavin deficiency on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes of rat liver is reversible." 09/01/1989 - "[Mechanism of riboflavin deficiency facilitating carcinogenesis of N-nitrosamine--effect on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes]." 06/01/1957 - "RIBOFLAVIN deficiency and flavin enzymes of tissues." 11/01/1956 - "Effects of riboflavin deficiency and realimentation on flavin enzymes of tissues."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/1997 - "Phototherapy has been recognized as a cause of riboflavin deficiency. " 01/01/1992 - "Riboflavin deficiency was progressive with the duration of phototherapy. " 01/01/1992 - "All 8 neonates exposed to phototherapy developed riboflavin deficiency (p less than 0.001). " 01/01/1992 - "Significance of phototherapy-induced riboflavin deficiency in the full-term neonate." 04/01/1987 - "Supplementation to those infants most likely to develop riboflavin deficiency is useful, but dosage, time, and mode of administration to infants undergoing phototherapy must be carefully adjusted to avoid unwanted side effects."
2.	Lenses 07/01/1991 - "Biochemical changes in lenses and at other sites in adult rats were investigated during the induction and correction of riboflavin deficiency. " 05/01/1981 - "An absence of riboflavin deficiency was found in our older patients with clear lenses. " 07/01/1991 - "Glutathione and related indices in rat lenses, liver and red cells during riboflavin deficiency and its correction."
3.	Adrenalectomy 01/01/1970 - "Effects of cortisone and of adrenalectomy on plasma total ascorbic acid level in riboflavin deficiency." 01/01/1969 - "Effects of corticoids and of adrenalectomy on free amino acid nitrogen concentrations of liver, muscle and plasma in riboflavin deficiency."
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections 09/01/1988 - "To determine the effect of riboflavin deficiency on the rat pancreas, one-third of a group of rats was fed a purified riboflavin-sufficient diet ad libitum and two-thirds were fed isocaloric amounts of riboflavin-deficient diet for 13 wk; one-half of the latter group was replenished with daily intraperitoneal injections of riboflavin for the last 3 wk. Body weight, pancreas weight, DNA, protein, amylase, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen decreased in riboflavin-deficient animals. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/25/2013 - "The nanosuspensions were also used to resist the riboflavin deficiency induced by methotrexate chemotherapy. "