Rhodopsin (Visual Purple)

A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.

Also Known As:

Networked: 709 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 43 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lewin, Alfred S: 11 articles (01/2016 - 01/2005)
2.	Lin, Jonathan H: 10 articles (01/2016 - 11/2007)
3.	Gorbatyuk, Marina S: 10 articles (01/2016 - 03/2010)
4.	Gross, Alecia K: 10 articles (11/2014 - 02/2003)
5.	Cheetham, Michael E: 9 articles (01/2016 - 07/2002)
6.	Garriga, Pere: 9 articles (08/2015 - 02/2003)
7.	Tam, Beatrice M: 9 articles (10/2014 - 01/2006)
8.	Moritz, Orson L: 9 articles (10/2014 - 01/2006)
9.	LaVail, Matthew M: 8 articles (01/2016 - 07/2003)
10.	Hauswirth, William W: 8 articles (06/2012 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Retinitis Pigmentosa (Pigmentary Retinopathy) 01/01/2014 - "Following a previous study that demonstrated a correlation between rhodopsin stability and the severity of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we investigated whether predictions of severity can be improved with a regional analysis of this correlation. " 02/05/2010 - "Molecular mechanisms of rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa and the efficacy of pharmacological rescue." 01/01/2014 - "This study was to analyze the spectrum and frequency of rhodopsin gene (RHO) mutations in Chinese patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). " 01/26/2012 - "Understanding rhodopsin mutations linked to the retinitis pigmentosa disease: a QM/MM and DFT/MRCI study." 03/01/2011 - "[Structural development study of a novel pharmacological chaperone for folding-defective rhodopsin mutants responsible for retinitis pigmentosa]."
2.	Retinal Degeneration 01/01/2013 - "Because of the high rate of rhodopsin mutations in RP patients, the present study was performed to confirm the protective effects of Tat-µCL against retinal degeneration in rhodopsin transgenic S334ter and P23H rats. " 01/01/2012 - "Injection of AAV5-XIAP alone at P4 and 21 resulted in significant slowing of light-induced retinal degeneration, as measured by outer nuclear thickness and cell counts, but did not result in improved outer segment structure and rhodopsin localization. " 06/15/2004 - "GFP-tagged human rhodopsin provides a sensitive method to monitor the development of normal and diseased retinas in dissected samples, and it offers a noninvasive means to observe the progress of retinal degeneration and the efficacy of gene-based therapies in whole animals." 01/01/2014 - "Recent studies on the endoplasmic reticulum stress have shown that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in the pathogenesis of inherited retinal degeneration caused by mutant rhodopsin. " 10/04/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to test for mechanisms by which the autosomal dominant rhodopsin mutation Ter349Glu causes an early, rapid retinal degeneration in patients. "
3.	Photophobia (Light Sensitivity) 08/01/2015 - "We have investigated the functional involvement of Pan I in the different ecotypes by analyzing the 1) phylogeny, 2) spatio-temporal gene expression, 3) structure-function relationship of the Pan I(A) and I(B) protein variants, and 4) linkage to rhodopsin (rho) recently proposed to be associated with different light sensitivities in Icelandic populations of Atlantic cod. " 11/01/2014 - "Thus, Anopheles photoreceptors possess a mechanism for adjusting light sensitivity through light-dependent control of rhodopsin levels and cellular location. " 08/22/2007 - "However, light sensitivity varied dramatically between these RP models, with complete or partial rescue by dark rearing in the case of bovine and human P23H rhodopsin, and no rescue for X. laevis P23H rhodopsin. " 11/25/1991 - "Direct evidence is not available that (1) rhodopsin-like photopigment exists in the chicken pineal and that (2) the visual pigment is responsible for the light sensitivity of the gland. " 11/01/1980 - "The presence of 10(-3) M Ca++ increases the light sensitivity of PDE, and maximal activation is caused by illumination bleaching only 5 x 10(2) rhodopsin molecules per outer segment per second. "
4.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion) 02/15/2003 - "During the first postnatal week, these rhodopsin-positive cells are eliminated from the ganglion cell layer, but such neurons remain in the inner nuclear layer well into the first postnatal month. " 11/01/2007 - "However, unlike lamprey rhodopsin-containing cells, lamprey parapinopsin-containing cells connected with each other in a wide area of dorsal and peripheral portions and made direct contact with ganglion cells, mainly in the peripheral portion. " 12/01/1996 - "The simulation showed that coupling in the AII network can: (1) improve the signal/noise ratio in the AII network; (2) improve the signal/noise ratio for a single rhodopsin isomerization striking in the periphery of the ganglion cell receptive field center, and therefore in most ganglion cells responding to a single isomerization; (3) expand the AII and ganglion cells' receptive field center; and (4) expand the "correlation field". " 02/01/1979 - "P is considerably larger (about 2.5-fold) for the same fraction bleached in experiments at 14 degrees C as compared to experiments at 9 degrees C.6. A comparison with previously obtained corresponding values for dark-adaptation after small bleaches at the ganglion cell level shows a close agreement between the time constants for the dark-adaptation curve, its range and the dependence of threshold on the fraction of rhodopsin bleached." 10/01/1970 - "For example, after flash adaptation that bleached 80% of the rhodopsin, neither ganglion cell nor b-wave activity could be elicited for 10-15 min. Following this unresponsive period, thresholds fell rapidly; by 20 min after the flash, sensitivity was within 3 log units of the dark-adapted level. "
5.	Retinal Diseases 10/01/2012 - "The aim of this study was to investigate how ATF6 and PERK signaling affected misfolded rhodopsin in cells, which could identify new molecular therapies to treat retinal diseases associated with ER protein misfolding. " 01/01/2014 - "Constitutively active rhodopsin and retinal disease." 06/01/2013 - "Failure of rhodopsin recycling upon light activation results in various degenerative retinal diseases. " 01/01/2003 - "Mouse models of human retinal disease caused by expression of mutant rhodopsin. " 01/01/2001 - "The RHO gene, which encodes rhodopsin, was the first gene in which mutations were found that were associated with an inherited retinal disease (1). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Arrestin
2.	Zinc
3.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
4.	Opsins
5.	Tubulin
6.	peripherin
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
8.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
9.	Recoverin
10.	Proline (L-Proline)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laser Therapy (Surgery, Laser)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Traction
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Injections