Rhinophyma

A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 132 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rosacea (Acne Rosacea)
2.	Foreign Bodies (Foreign Body)
3.	Edema
4.	Dermoid Cyst (Dermoid)
5.	Telangiectasis (Telangiectasia)

Experts

1.	Cribier, B: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2011)
2.	Madan, V: 2 articles (02/2014 - 10/2009)
3.	Lazzeri, Davide: 2 articles (02/2013 - 04/2012)
4.	Agostini, Tommaso: 2 articles (02/2013 - 04/2012)
5.	Dahan, S: 2 articles (11/2011 - 09/2011)
6.	Ko, Francis: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
7.	Payne, Wyatt G: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
8.	Robson, Martin C: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
9.	Wright, Terry E: 2 articles (03/2006 - 06/2002)
10.	Curnier, Alain: 2 articles (08/2004 - 08/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Rhinophyma:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 10/01/2009 - "The CO(2) laser has been used for treatment of rhinophyma, but the long-term efficacy of the treatment is unknown. " 10/01/2009 - "The CO(2) laser is an effective and durable treatment for rhinophyma. " 10/01/2009 - "To review the outcome of 124 patients with rhinophyma treated with the CO(2) laser between 1996 and 2008 in our centre. " 04/01/2008 - "Electrocautery nasal decortication and/or CO(2) laser contouring in patients with rhinophyma is an effective technique that results in a satisfied patient with an aesthetically suitable nose. " 04/01/2008 - "To describe the technique and results of the senior author (P.B.) using electrocautery decortication and/or CO(2) laser contouring in seven consecutive patients with rhinophyma by retrospective review. "
2.	ErbiumIBA 11/01/2004 - "The gold standard for decortication of rhinophyma: combined erbium-YAG/CO2 laser." 07/01/2004 - "We describe 6 patients with mild to severe rhinophyma who were treated with a dual-mode erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser, which provides the advantages of controlled ablative energy for tissue reduction and excellent intraoperative hemostasis. " 01/01/2001 - "Severe-to-moderate rhinophyma in six patients were treated at our institution between 1995 and 1996, using the Erbium:YAG (Erb:YAG) laser. " 11/01/2004 - "The authors present their technique and the results from decortication of rhinophyma using a combined erbium:YAG/CO(2) laser. " 11/01/2011 - "Laser management of hypertrophic rosacea or rhinophyma depends on surgical treatment with decortication, continuous CO(2) ablative laser or Erbium, fractionated at high power, then vascular laser treatment for the telangiectases: lasers with pulsed dye, KTP, or pulsed lights for red laser telangiectases and long pulse Nd-Yag laser for blue telangiectases. "
3.	Isotretinoin (Accutane)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1994 - "Isotretinoin may be effective for inflammatory lesions, edema and rhinophyma in some resistant cases, but its use is limited by its side effects and teratogenicity. " 11/01/1981 - "Thirteen patients with severe rosacea (rosacea papulopustolosa, rosacea conglobata, and rhinophyma) were treated orally with 0.05, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg body weight 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, Ro 4-3780) for 12-28 weeks. " 05/01/1983 - "Twenty-one patients with severe acne (acne papulopustulosa, acne conglobata, acne cystica), six patients with severe rosacea (rosacea paulopustulosa, rosacea conglobata, rhinophyma), and three patients with tuberous sclerosis were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid for 6-48 weeks. " 06/01/2013 - "In its early stages, rhinophyma can be managed with medical treatment using isotretinoin or oral antibiotics (metronidazole). "
4.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2013 - "topical or systemic antibiotics, retinoids) are effective for the treatment of acne rosacea, a surgical intervention is appropriate and required in established rhinophyma. " 06/01/2013 - "In its early stages, rhinophyma can be managed with medical treatment using isotretinoin or oral antibiotics (metronidazole). "
5.	RetinoidsIBA 01/01/2013 - "topical or systemic antibiotics, retinoids) are effective for the treatment of acne rosacea, a surgical intervention is appropriate and required in established rhinophyma. "
6.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)IBA 11/01/2000 - "The results of this study demonstrate the overexpression of the fibrogenic protein TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta II receptor in rhinophyma tissues. " 09/01/2014 - "Finaly, rhinophyma is linked to both vascular changes and activation of fibrosis, involving TGF beta. " 03/01/2006 - "Persistent overexpression or dysregulated activation of the fibrogenic isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is associated with the increased fibroblast function leading to fibrotic conditions such as rhinophyma. " 11/01/2000 - "The dermis of the rhinophyma tissue displayed stronger immunoreactivity of TGF-beta2 (p = 0.014) and TGF-beta II receptor (p = 0.006) compared with the normal skin. " 11/01/2000 - "Peroxidase-labeled immunohistochemical staining was performed in the rhinophyma and normal skin specimens for the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-2 and/or TGF-beta II receptor. "
7.	CosmeticsIBA 04/01/2012 - "Thus, since rhinophyma should not be considered solely a cosmetic problem, we recommend that all specimens be reviewed by a pathologist and if malignancy is diagnosed, re-excision with clear margins should be achieved when necessary with periodic follow-up." 01/01/2008 - "Rhinophyma is a benign disease of the nasal skin causing cosmetic and functional disturbances. " 03/01/1999 - "Rhinophyma is an uncommon condition that often results in both functional and cosmetic impairment. " 02/01/1995 - "Rhinophyma is an uncommon condition that often results in both functional as well as cosmetic impairment. " 02/01/1994 - "Various surgical methods have been used to treat rhinophyma, but most have resulted in complications and poor cosmetic outcomes. "
8.	Carbon DioxideIBA 06/01/2002 - "The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been advocated for excision of rhinophyma. " 09/01/1991 - "Between 1986 and 1989, 30 patients with rhinophyma were treated with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser at our institution. " 04/01/2010 - "Surgical treatment of rhinophyma using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL)." 06/03/1996 - "Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are useful for treating disorders of skin surface texture and topography (wrinkles, scars, sun damage, benign skin appendages and rhinophyma). " 01/01/1988 - "The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser as a surgical tool for the difficult cosmetic problem of rhinophyma permits unprecedented refinement in treatment. "
9.	Transforming Growth Factors (Transforming Growth Factor)IBA 06/01/2002 - "The fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 has been reported to be up-regulated in rhinophyma tissue. " 11/01/2000 - "Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta-2 and its receptor in rhinophyma: an alternative mechanism of pathobiology." 11/01/2011 - "Finally, rhinophyma remains poorly explained; the vascular abnormalities induce local production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) capable of creating fibrosis and therefore cutaneous thickening." 09/01/2011 - "Finally, rhinophyma remains poorly explained; the vascular abnormalities induce local production of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β1) capable of creating fibrosis and therefore cutaneous thickening." 11/01/2000 - "Peroxidase-labeled immunohistochemical staining was performed in the rhinophyma and normal skin specimens for the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-2 and/or TGF-beta II receptor. "
10.	Actinic cheilitisIBA 12/01/1996 - "Specific techniques in skin resurfacing, keloid excision, rhinophyma, actinic cheilitis ablation, and excision of superficial cutaneous tumors are discussed. " 09/01/1997 - "Most patients with selected skin lesions (rhinophyma, actinic cheilitis, epidermal nevi, seborrheic keratoses, syringomas, xanthelasmas, and postsurgical scars) achieved good to excellent results, although these are admittedly more difficult to quantify. " 01/01/2008 - "INDICATIONS FOR CO 2 LASER: Therapeutic indications: Actinic and seborrheic keratosis, warts, moles, skin tags, epidermal and dermal nevi, vitiligo blister and punch grafting, rhinophyma, sebaceous hyperplasia, xanthelasma, syringomas, actinic cheilitis angiofibroma, scar treatment, keloid, skin cancer, neurofibroma and diffuse actinic keratoses. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gas Lasers 11/01/2009 - "Scanned carbon dioxide laser is safe and highly effective treatment for rhinophyma." 09/01/1991 - "In general, use of the CO2 laser is effective for precise decortication of rhinophyma in an office-outpatient setting." 08/01/1987 - "Use of the CO2 laser in the defocused mode to vaporize skin in a bloodless fashion is an effective treatment of rhinophyma, as demonstrated in three patients described in this report." 01/01/2008 - "The aim of the study was to present short series of patients suffering from severe form of rhinophyma, who were treated with CO2 laser, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of the method used. " 05/01/2015 - "We observed that fractionated CO2 laser therapy may improve patient-reported outcome in some patients with mild rhinophyma and is associated with a relatively favorable side effect profile compared with conventional surgical techniques."
2.	Lasers (Laser) 02/01/2014 - "Phymas, especially rhinophyma, also are treated with physical modalities such as ablative lasers or surgical devices (eg, electrosurgical loop). " 01/01/2013 - ""Downward steps technique" with CO2 ultrapulsed laser for the treatment of rhinophyma: our protocol." 04/01/2012 - "Moderate rhinophyma successfully treated with a Smoothbeam laser." 12/01/2002 - "Rhinophyma can be treated with a variety of different surgical methods, including laser resurfacing. " 06/01/2002 - "Excision of rhinophyma with a laser scanner handpiece--a modified technique."
3.	Rhinoplasty 03/01/1991 - "Reconstructive rhinoplasty for rhinophyma: report of case." 09/01/1970 - "Reconstructive rhinoplasty for rhinophyma." 03/01/2007 - "We present cases of three different swellings due to rhinophyma, dermoid cyst and a rare interesting foreign body all dealt with external rhinoplasty approach with good results."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2013 - "In most cases full-thickness excision of the rhinophymatous tissue down to perichondrium and periosteum of the nasal osteocartilaginous framework followed by coverage of the residual defect with a full-thickness skin graft or local flap has been described in patients affected by giant rhinophyma. " 01/01/2008 - "A 55-year-old man with severe rhinophyma was treated with total excision of the involved tissue and sebaceous glands, and the defect was reconstructed with full-thickness skin graft. " 03/01/1997 - "After a short review of the general aspects of the pathology, the authors illustrate the case of a patient with rhinophyma treated with a full thickness dermo-epidermic graft, and emphasise that this surgical solution, provided that the indications are correct, is still a valid alternative." 03/01/1997 - "[Surgical treatment of rhinophyma using dermo-epidermal graft. " 01/01/1972 - "Rhinophyma skin grafts."
5.	Dermabrasion 08/01/2002 - "The authors describe their experience with the "triple approach" for the surgical treatment of rhinophyma, consisting of tangential excision for debulking, the use of scissors for sculpting, and the use of mild dermabrasion for final contouring. " 10/01/2000 - "Andy Warhol underwent dermabrasion in 1957 because of a nasal skin lesion, which is best diagnosed as a rhinophyma on the basis of the available biographical literature. " 02/01/2000 - "Andy Warhol underwent dermabrasion in 1957 because of a nasal skin lesion, which is best diagnosed as a rhinophyma on the basis of the available biographical literature. " 02/01/2000 - "Conventional cold excision combined with dermabrasion for rhinophyma." 09/01/1981 - "[Treatment of rhinophyma with the combined use of tissue section and dermabrasion]."