Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.

Also Known As:

Networked: 676 relevant articles (123 outcomes, 229 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
3.	Chronic Urticaria
4.	Rhinitis
5.	Rhinorrhea

Experts

1.	Okubo, Kimihiro: 11 articles (01/2019 - 07/2010)
2.	Meltzer, Eli O: 11 articles (10/2016 - 04/2002)
3.	Wu, Wei: 9 articles (07/2013 - 01/2008)
4.	Ciprandi, Giorgio: 7 articles (01/2016 - 11/2003)
5.	Berger, William E: 7 articles (08/2015 - 11/2005)
6.	Bousquet, J: 6 articles (01/2013 - 03/2000)
7.	Cingi, Cemal: 5 articles (12/2019 - 09/2010)
8.	Perić, Aleksandar: 5 articles (12/2019 - 01/2016)
9.	Philpot, Edward: 5 articles (11/2010 - 01/2008)
10.	Tahamiler, Rauf: 5 articles (12/2008 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Perennial Allergic Rhinitis:

1.	Nasal SpraysIBA 08/01/2013 - "This study compares the efficacies of MFM and FP nasal sprays in pediatric patients with perennial-allergic rhinitis. " 07/01/1993 - "Double-blind trial of a heated nasal aerosol in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 07/01/2011 - "An observational study was conducted with subjects aged 18-65 years with physician-diagnosed vasomotor, seasonal, and/or perennial allergic rhinitis who were using a prescription nasal spray. " 09/01/2002 - "Such findings indicate that TAA nasal spray may be a better choice than MF or FP in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis." 08/01/1992 - "This is the first report of its use both as an aqueous nasal spray and in perennial allergic rhinitis. "
2.	Cetirizine (Zyrtec)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1996 - "This study has shown an overall improvement in the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in patients who were treated with ZYRTEC in conditions similar to those of usual medical practice by pediatricians and allergologists." 01/01/1996 - "875 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 15 years, who had presented with a perennial allergic rhinitis, were included in an open study that was conducted by pediatricians and allergologists on the efficacy of ZYRTEC (CETIRIZINE). " 10/01/1995 - "[Multicenter hospital study on the efficacy of Zyrtec (R) (cetirizine) compared to a placebo, in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in 254 adolescents aged 12-15]." 04/01/1992 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of once daily cetirizine in alleviating the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 11/01/2019 - "To determine the efficacy of probiotic (Lactobacillus Paracasei, LP-33) and compare it with cetirizine for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in under five year's children. "
3.	Loratadine (Alavert)FDA Link 02/01/1989 - "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loratadine in perennial allergic rhinitis." 11/01/1997 - "In contrast, loratadine, a potent, nonsedating, histamine-1-receptor antagonist with activity in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, has demonstrated effective control of asthma symptoms, improved pulmonary function, and long duration of action in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. " 11/01/2014 - "The acupuncture at three nasal points and the acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation achieves the similar short-term efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis as compared with the oral administration of loratadine. " 11/01/2014 - "To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis between three nasal points acupuncture therapy and the oral administration of loratadine so as to provide the better acupuncture program in clinical treatment. " 05/01/1990 - "The study showed that compared with placebo both loratadine and clemastine were effective in relieving nasal and eye symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2004 - "Effective treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis often requires use of topical intranasal corticosteroids (INSs). " 07/01/2000 - "This study provides further support for the use of topical nasal corticosteroids as first-line treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis." 07/01/2013 - "This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the ocular effects of an intranasal corticosteroid during 2 years of treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). " 01/01/2012 - "Recent studies have examined the effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) in relieving the ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. " 10/01/1999 - "In a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of duration we investigated the influence of a topical corticosteroid (FPANS), on Langerhans' cells (CD1a+ cells), T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and macrophages in nasal mucosa in 42 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. "
5.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "In conclusion, the present study showed budesonide to be more effective in controlling symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis than BDP." 12/01/1984 - "The present study showed that intranasally administered budesonide is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 01/01/2014 - "Compared to placebo, administration of nebulized budesonide in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis resulted in improvements in symptoms and objective measures of nasal congestion which approached but did not achieve statistical significance. " 01/01/2014 - "We investigated whether nebulization of budesonide via a NasoNeb® device would treat perennial allergic rhinitis. " 01/01/2014 - "A pilot study of the effects of intranasal budesonide delivered by NasoNeb® on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis."
6.	Fluticasone (Cutivate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1994 - "Once daily intranasal fluticasone propionate is effective for perennial allergic rhinitis." 05/01/1997 - "Fluticasone propionate was safe and effective in children aged 5 to 11 years with perennial allergic rhinitis." 09/01/1994 - "The efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate 200 micrograms once daily or 100 micrograms twice daily in treating perennial allergic rhinitis was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 24 weeks' duration in 365 patients. " 05/01/1992 - "Thus, based on early data from large clinical trials, fluticasone propionate administered once daily offers an effective and convenient treatment option in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, and is distinguished by its low oral bioavailability." 01/01/2003 - "We recruited 32 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and randomized them in a double-blinded, cross-over fashion, to receive placebo or fluticasone (50 micrograms a spray), 2 sprays each side everyday, using Balaam's design. "
7.	fluticasone furoateFDA Link 01/01/2008 - "Safety and efficacy of fluticasone furoate in pediatric patients with perennial allergic rhinitis." 09/01/2007 - "This study was designed to assess the safety and tolerability of 12-month intranasal administration of fluticasone furoate in adult and adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). " 01/01/2007 - "Similarly, treatment with intranasal fluticasone furoate 110microg once daily for 4-6 weeks in adults and adolescents with perennial allergic rhinitis was superior to placebo in reducing nasal symptoms and with respect to overall response to therapy. " 04/01/2008 - "Clinical studies tested the efficacy of fluticasone furoate in seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis. " 01/01/2007 - "In children aged 6-11 years, fluticasone furoate nasal spray was shown to be effective in reducing the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis following treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. "
8.	azelastine (Optivar)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1988 - "Efficacy of azelastine in perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical and rhinomanometric evaluation." 01/01/2023 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of two doses of azelastine hydrochloride in perennial allergic rhinitis." 08/01/1994 - "The objective of this 8-week double-blind trial was to evaluate further azelastine's efficacy and safety in improving the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis over a prolonged period of treatment. " 07/01/2000 - "We recruited 24 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and randomized them in a double-blinded, crossover fashion, to receive placebo or azelastine two sprays BID, using Balaam's design. " 07/01/1998 - "The incidence of sedation did not differ significantly between azelastine and placebo recipients and preliminary report showed cardiovascular parameters were not significantly altered in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). "
9.	Histamine Antagonists (Antihistamines)IBA 07/01/2010 - "The efficacy of antihistamines in perennial allergic rhinitis in children has been evaluated in studies using active comparators, whereas placebo-controlled studies are very few. " 09/01/2003 - "Antihistamines are the most commonly prescribed class of medication for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). " 08/01/1993 - "Thus, more than one antihistamine drug should be tried in perennial allergic rhinitis if the first fails." 12/01/1990 - "Perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical efficacy of a new antihistamine." 04/01/2015 - "It is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis when monotherapy with either intranasal antihistamine or INS is NOT considered sufficient. "
10.	Mometasone Furoate (Nasonex)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1998 - "In several large, well-controlled clinical trials, mometasone furoate 200 micrograms administered once daily as an aqueous intranasal spray was significantly more effective than placebo in controlling the symptoms associated with moderate to severe seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis. " 10/01/2003 - "The results suggest that mometasone furoate do not affect mucociliary clearance in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis." 10/01/2003 - "We investigated the effect of mometasone furoate on mucociliary clearance in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 10/01/2003 - "[The effect of mometasone furoate on mucociliary clearance in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis]." 04/01/2003 - "Fourteen patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) were randomized to receive 2 weeks treatment with placebo (PL) or 200 microg intranasal mometasone furoate (MF) once daily in a randomized single-blind crossover study. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 06/01/2006 - "This study demonstrates that the immunotherapy is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 05/01/2019 - "The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of subcutaneous rush immunotherapy in the patients with perennial allergic rhinitis after a year from treatment. " 08/01/1999 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy (IT) in an objective and simple way in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 12/01/1998 - "Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials have clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis. " 02/01/1998 - "Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials for perennial allergic rhinitis have all clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy. "
2.	Therapeutics 08/01/2013 - "Following the 4-week therapy, MFM provided greater improvement compared to FP for symptoms of childhood perennial-allergic rhinitis. " 01/01/2013 - "In this prospective study, patients who were diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis were questioned about their use of natural products/herbal therapies for their symptoms. " 01/01/2004 - "Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) is an increasing problem for which new and exciting therapies are being developed. " 07/01/2003 - "These distinct clinical and resource use profiles may have implications for therapy choices in the cost-effective management of perennial allergic rhinitis patients." 02/01/2003 - "To research the therapy effect of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) with anterior-ethmoid neurotomy, and to observe the pathological changes of SP nerve fibres. "
3.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy) 05/10/1989 - "The accumulated clinical experience with 95 patients aged 5-72 years demonstrates that local hyperthermia of the upper respiratory tract is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis, with no immediate or long term side-effects." 08/01/1982 - "We conclude that local hyperthermia is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 08/01/1982 - "Ninety-five patients with documented perennial allergic rhinitis have been treated with local hyperthermia of the nasal passages in a randomized double-blind trial. " 10/01/1993 - "Local hyperthermia and nasal irrigation for perennial allergic rhinitis: effect on symptoms and nasal airflow." 05/10/1989 - "Local hyperthermia (43 degrees C) to the upper respiratory passages, without supplementary drugs, relieves symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. "
4.	Acupuncture Points (Acupuncture Point) 11/01/2020 - "To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese medicine acupoint application (CMAA) combined with Western medicine for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in children. " 01/28/2020 - "Efficacy of acupuncture at three nasal acupoints plus acupoint application for perennial allergic rhinitis: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial protocol." 11/01/2014 - "[Efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis treated with acupuncture at three nasal poinits and the acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation]." 05/25/2018 - "To examine the distribution of heat-sensitive acupoints below the elbow and knee joints of the Yangming Meridians in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR)．. " 09/01/2013 - "To evaluate the effects and safety of penetrating needling on head acupoints for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/2002 - "The stimulatory effects of nasal discharge from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis on normal human neutrophils are normalized after treatment with a new mixed formula of Chinese herbs." 11/01/1986 - "Twenty-one patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied in four groups according to the duration of treatment or after treatment with BDP. " 04/01/2010 - "To assess the changes in QOL of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) after treatment with Allergic Rhinitis Nose Drops (ARND), 35 patients were divided into 2 groups in a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled study, with a cross-over arrangement over 7 weeks, applying ARND or placebo. " 06/01/2004 - "The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized study was to evaluate cytokine pattern and inflammatory cells in children with perennial allergic rhinitis, before and after treatment with cetirizine or placebo. " 11/01/2003 - "To evaluate cytokine pattern and symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis before and after treatment with intranasal budesonide. "