Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.

Also Known As:

Networked: 531 relevant articles (110 outcomes, 183 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
2.	Rhinitis
3.	Urticaria (Hives)
4.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
5.	Sneezing

Experts

1.	Meltzer, Eli O: 10 articles (03/2014 - 04/2002)
2.	Wu, Wei: 9 articles (07/2013 - 01/2008)
3.	Okubo, Kimihiro: 7 articles (11/2015 - 07/2010)
4.	Berger, William E: 7 articles (08/2015 - 11/2005)
5.	Ciprandi, Giorgio: 6 articles (01/2009 - 11/2003)
6.	Philpot, Edward: 5 articles (11/2010 - 01/2008)
7.	Bousquet, J: 5 articles (10/2009 - 03/2000)
8.	Tahamiler, Rauf: 5 articles (12/2008 - 01/2006)
9.	Cirillo, Ignazio: 5 articles (08/2006 - 11/2003)
10.	Lee, Heung-Man: 4 articles (03/2015 - 11/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Perennial Allergic Rhinitis:

1.	Cetirizine (Zyrtec)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1996 - "This study has shown an overall improvement in the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in patients who were treated with ZYRTEC in conditions similar to those of usual medical practice by pediatricians and allergologists." 01/01/1996 - "875 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 15 years, who had presented with a perennial allergic rhinitis, were included in an open study that was conducted by pediatricians and allergologists on the efficacy of ZYRTEC (CETIRIZINE). " 10/01/1995 - "[Multicenter hospital study on the efficacy of Zyrtec (R) (cetirizine) compared to a placebo, in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in 254 adolescents aged 12-15]." 04/01/1992 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of once daily cetirizine in alleviating the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 06/01/1999 - "[The efficacy of cetirizine in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis]."
2.	Loratadine (Alavert)FDA Link 02/01/1989 - "Loratadine, a new nonsedating antihistamine, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in 228 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 02/01/1989 - "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loratadine in perennial allergic rhinitis." 11/01/1997 - "In contrast, loratadine, a potent, nonsedating, histamine-1-receptor antagonist with activity in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, has demonstrated effective control of asthma symptoms, improved pulmonary function, and long duration of action in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. " 11/01/2014 - "The acupuncture at three nasal points and the acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation achieves the similar short-term efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis as compared with the oral administration of loratadine. " 11/01/2014 - "To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis between three nasal points acupuncture therapy and the oral administration of loratadine so as to provide the better acupuncture program in clinical treatment. "
3.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "In conclusion, the present study showed budesonide to be more effective in controlling symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis than BDP." 12/01/1984 - "The present study showed that intranasally administered budesonide is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 09/01/2002 - "Budesonide aqueous nasal spray, 128 microg once daily, is effective in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 09/01/2002 - "This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of budesonide aqueous nasal spray, 128 microg once daily, in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 05/01/2003 - "Efficacy of the topical nasal steroid budesonide on improving sleep and daytime somnolence in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis."
4.	fluticasone (Cutivate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1994 - "Once daily intranasal fluticasone propionate is effective for perennial allergic rhinitis." 05/01/1997 - "Fluticasone propionate was safe and effective in children aged 5 to 11 years with perennial allergic rhinitis." 09/01/1994 - "The efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate 200 micrograms once daily or 100 micrograms twice daily in treating perennial allergic rhinitis was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 24 weeks' duration in 365 patients. " 11/01/2002 - "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (at a maximum recommended dose of 200 micrograms each day) administered daily for one year was conducted to evaluate its potential effects on growth, measured by stadiometry, in prepubescent children with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 150; age 3.5 to 9.0 years). " 05/01/2000 - "One hundred and ten patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, currently symptomatic, were treated with fluticasone proprionate nasal spray (Flixonase) in open, multicentre efficacy and safety study. "
5.	fluticasone furoateFDA Link 01/01/2007 - "In children aged 6-11 years, fluticasone furoate nasal spray was shown to be effective in reducing the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis following treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. " 01/01/2015 - "Safety and efficacy of fluticasone furoate nasal spray in Japanese children 2 to <15 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis: a multicentre, open-label trial." 01/01/2010 - "The safety and efficacy of fluticasone furoate nasal spray (FFNS) for the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis have been previously demonstrated in several clinical studies. " 05/01/2013 - "An integrated analysis of the efficacy of fluticasone furoate nasal spray versus placebo on the nasal symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis." 01/01/2008 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-daily (QD) fluticasone furoate (FF) nasal spray in children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). "
6.	azelastine (Optivar)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1994 - "Results indicate that with the dose used azelastine nasal spray is an effective treatment for both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis." 09/01/1988 - "Efficacy of azelastine in perennial allergic rhinitis: clinical and rhinomanometric evaluation." 02/14/1997 - "One hundred and twenty five children (median age 8.71 years) suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis were treated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study comparing azelastine nasal spray 0.14 mg/nostril twice daily (0.56 mg/day) and placebo nasal spray. " 08/01/1994 - "The objective of this 8-week double-blind trial was to evaluate further azelastine's efficacy and safety in improving the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis over a prolonged period of treatment. " 07/01/2000 - "We recruited 24 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and randomized them in a double-blinded, crossover fashion, to receive placebo or azelastine two sprays BID, using Balaam's design. "
7.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1991 - "Triamcinolone acetonide aerosol (TAA), a topical corticosteroid, now available for intranasal use, has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in adults. " 03/01/1990 - "In a double-blind study involving 205 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, statistically significantly greater symptomatic improvements were evident following the administration of 200 micrograms/day triamcinolone acetonide aerosol than following placebo. " 04/01/1991 - "Once daily triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray is effective for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 01/01/1997 - "This 12-month, multicenter, open-label study to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) aqueous nasal spray for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) symptom relief was a continuation of a 4-week, double-blind study. " 01/01/1997 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis."
8.	mometasone furoate (mometasone)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1998 - "In several large, well-controlled clinical trials, mometasone furoate 200 micrograms administered once daily as an aqueous intranasal spray was significantly more effective than placebo in controlling the symptoms associated with moderate to severe seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis. " 05/01/2009 - "Mometasone furoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1-year treatment of children with perennial allergic rhinitis." 03/01/2012 - "We prospectively investigated the efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) for improving the total nasal symptom score, QOL score, and sleep quality in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). " 01/01/2013 - "Relieving nasal congestion in children with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis: efficacy and safety studies of mometasone furoate nasal spray." 02/01/2000 - "A 1-year study of prepubertal patients between 3 and 9 years of age with perennial allergic rhinitis was conducted to assess the effects on growth of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (MFNS), a new once-daily (QD) intranasal corticosteroid with negligible bioavailability. "
9.	Terfenadine (Seldane)IBA 03/01/1991 - "In a double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy of 120 mg terfenadine taken orally once daily with that of the conventional regimen of 60 mg terfenadine taken twice daily, 30 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were enrolled. " 08/20/2010 - "Bepotastine 20 mg/day was significantly more effective than terfenadine 120 mg/day in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, as evaluated by the final global improvement rating and several other endpoints in a phase III trial. " 03/01/1991 - "The results indicate that the new once-daily regimen of terfenadine was as effective and as well tolerated as the twice-daily regimen for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 03/01/1991 - "Comparison of terfenadine once daily with terfenadine twice daily for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 08/01/1993 - "The efficacy of loratadine and terfenadine in perennial allergic rhinitis was evaluated in a double-blind, selected cross-over study consisting of two phases. "
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2004 - "Effective treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis often requires use of topical intranasal corticosteroids (INSs). " 07/01/2000 - "This study provides further support for the use of topical nasal corticosteroids as first-line treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis." 01/01/2012 - "Recent studies have examined the effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) in relieving the ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. " 01/01/2015 - "MP29-02 (Dymista®; Meda, Solna, Sweden) is a new class of medication for moderate to severe seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis if monotherapy with either intranasal antihistamine or intranasal corticosteroids is not considered sufficient. " 01/01/2014 - "Nasal expiratory sound analysis for evaluation of nasal patency in perennial allergic rhinitis patients treated with nasal corticosteroids."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 08/01/1998 - "Immunotherapy suppresses both Th1 and Th2 responses by allergen stimulation, but suppression of the Th2 response is a more important mechanism related to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis." 06/01/2006 - "This study demonstrates that the immunotherapy is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. " 08/01/1999 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy (IT) in an objective and simple way in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 12/01/1998 - "Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials have clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis. " 02/01/1998 - "Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials for perennial allergic rhinitis have all clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy. "
2.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy) 05/10/1989 - "The accumulated clinical experience with 95 patients aged 5-72 years demonstrates that local hyperthermia of the upper respiratory tract is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis, with no immediate or long term side-effects." 08/01/1982 - "We conclude that local hyperthermia is effective in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis." 08/01/1982 - "Ninety-five patients with documented perennial allergic rhinitis have been treated with local hyperthermia of the nasal passages in a randomized double-blind trial. " 10/01/1993 - "Local hyperthermia and nasal irrigation for perennial allergic rhinitis: effect on symptoms and nasal airflow." 05/10/1989 - "Local hyperthermia (43 degrees C) to the upper respiratory passages, without supplementary drugs, relieves symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/2002 - "The stimulatory effects of nasal discharge from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis on normal human neutrophils are normalized after treatment with a new mixed formula of Chinese herbs." 11/01/1986 - "Twenty-one patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied in four groups according to the duration of treatment or after treatment with BDP. " 04/01/2010 - "To assess the changes in QOL of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) after treatment with Allergic Rhinitis Nose Drops (ARND), 35 patients were divided into 2 groups in a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled study, with a cross-over arrangement over 7 weeks, applying ARND or placebo. " 06/01/2004 - "The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized study was to evaluate cytokine pattern and inflammatory cells in children with perennial allergic rhinitis, before and after treatment with cetirizine or placebo. " 11/01/2003 - "To evaluate cytokine pattern and symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis before and after treatment with intranasal budesonide. "
4.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 09/01/2013 - "We have shown that intranasal phototherapy does not change the aerobic nasal microbial flora in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. " 05/01/2013 - "These results indicate that phototherapy is an effective modality for treating perennial allergic rhinitis and is another option in the steroid-free management of immune-mediated mucosal diseases." 05/01/2013 - "A comparative pilot study of symptom improvement before and after phototherapy in Korean patients with perennial allergic rhinitis." 04/01/1997 - "Narrow-band red light phototherapy in perennial allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis." 05/01/2013 - "This study is intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phototherapy with low-level energy of a 650 nm laser irradiation system in perennial allergic rhinitis patients. "
5.	Solid-State Lasers 06/01/2000 - "To test the efficacy of KTP laser in controlling perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms in a minimally invasive fashion. " 06/01/2000 - "A single minimally invasive KTP laser treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis according to the parameters employed in this study is an effective approach resulting in moderately long-term improvement." 06/01/2000 - "Minimally invasive KTP laser treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis: a preliminary report." 01/01/1996 - "Severe perennial allergic rhinitis treated with Nd:YAG laser."