Rheumatoid Nodule

Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 215 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Synovitis
4.	Felty's Syndrome (Syndrome, Felty's)
5.	Granuloma

Experts

1.	Crowson, Cynthia S: 4 articles (03/2014 - 01/2002)
2.	Matteson, Eric L: 3 articles (03/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Gabriel, Sherine E: 3 articles (03/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	O'Fallon, W Michael: 3 articles (12/2004 - 01/2002)
5.	Braun, M G: 2 articles (03/2013 - 02/2004)
6.	Dougados, Maxime: 2 articles (08/2012 - 12/2010)
7.	Toussirot, Eric: 2 articles (08/2012 - 11/2009)
8.	Skare, Thelma Larocca: 2 articles (07/2011 - 07/2011)
9.	Hessian, Paul A: 2 articles (06/2008 - 02/2003)
10.	Highton, John: 2 articles (06/2008 - 02/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Rheumatoid Nodule:

1.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 06/01/2009 - "The present article describes a case of pulmonary rheumatoid nodule which responded well to Rituximab therapy." 03/01/2013 - "[Regression of peripheral and pulmonary rheumatoid nodules under therapy with rituximab]." 06/01/2009 - "[Favorable response of pulmonary rheumatoid nodule to Rituximab]." 08/01/2012 - "Efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of pulmonary rheumatoid nodules: findings in 10 patients from the French AutoImmunity and Rituximab/Rheumatoid Arthritis registry (AIR/PR registry)." 03/01/2013 - "We report on a retrospective study of 16 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with reduction in size of pulmonary and peripheral rheumatoid nodules following treatment with rituximab (RTX). "
2.	Rheumatoid FactorIBA 03/01/2012 - "Rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid nodules, and radiographic damage did not predict remission. " 05/01/2009 - "Serum rheumatoid factor was positive in 78.9% while rheumatoid nodules were present in 13.3% of the study patients. " 01/01/2014 - "Making an analysis of individual manifestations, rheumatoid nodules were associated with positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF); (P = 0.01), anti-CCP (P = 0.048), and anti-MCV (P = 0.02). " 03/01/2009 - "Atypical rheumatoid nodules: a possible precursor to a rheumatoid variant in a rheumatoid-factor-negative patient. " 05/01/2007 - "Demographic data collected included the patients' age, disease duration, rheumatoid factor (RF) status, presence of rheumatoid nodules, absence or presence of erosive disease, and class and stage of their disease. "
3.	infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 12/01/2004 - "One year after the initiation of infliximab, with RA in remission, our patient noted the rapid development of rheumatoid nodules of both hands. " 05/01/2004 - "Despite an improvement of articular symptoms, infliximab treatment had no distinct effect on the histopathology of rheumatoid nodules, suggesting that different pathogenetic mechanisms mediate the two disease manifestations in RA." 05/01/2004 - "To analyse the effect of infliximab on the immunopathology of rheumatoid nodules in order to provide new insights into the relationship between synovial inflammation and rheumatoid nodules. " 05/01/2004 - "Tumour necrosis factor alpha independent disease mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis: a histopathological study on the effect of infliximab on rheumatoid nodules." 07/01/2011 - "Antirheumatic drugs, methotrexate, leflunomide (LEF), infliximab and etanercept, were known as risk factors for developing rheumatoid nodule. "
4.	LatexIBA 01/01/1988 - "16/24 patients with so-called seronegative RA (negative Latex Fixation Test or Waaler Rose Test) had positive results in the ELISA, two of them had rheumatoid nodules clinically. " 07/01/1980 - "The males seem to have more severe disease with positive latex fixation, radiographic changes and rheumatoid nodules than is reported in the literature and the female comparison population. " 02/01/1987 - "None of the variables studied--age and calendar year of disease onset, pattern of joint involvement, the presence of rheumatoid nodules, Sjögren's syndrome, a positive latex or antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre--showed a greater concordance within the families than between them. "
5.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2009 - "A novel treatment for rheumatoid nodules (RN) with intralesional fluorouracil." 11/01/2011 - "The present paper describes a case in which the response of rheumatoid nodules was evaluated by ultrasound following infiltration of triamcinolone acetonide and 5-fluorouracil." 11/01/2011 - "Rheumatoid nodules: evaluation of the therapeutic response to intralesional fluorouracil and triamcinolone."
6.	tocilizumabFDA Link 02/01/2012 - "Treatment with tocilizumab leads to the disappearance of olecranon rheumatoid nodules." 06/01/2012 - "Marked improvement of lung rheumatoid nodules after treatment with tocilizumab."
7.	Adenosine A1 ReceptorIBA 07/01/1997 - "Agents that inhibit adenosine A1 receptors might be useful in the treatment of MTX-induced rheumatoid nodulosis, while still potentiating the A2-mediated antiinflammatory effects of MTX on synovitis."
8.	CortisoneIBA 07/01/1951 - "A histopathologic study of the involution of rheumatoid nodules treated with cortisone and of spontaneous involution." 07/01/1952 - "Effect of cortisone on rheumatoid nodules of the sclera (scleromalacia perforans)." 11/01/1951 - "The involution of rheumatoid nodules treated with cortisone and of non-treated rheumatoid nodules." 05/01/1951 - "Cortisone therapy in case of rheumatoid nodules of the eye in chronic rheumatoid arthritis." 02/01/1952 - "Rheumatoid nodules a study in the pathogenesis and effects of cortisone and ACTH."
9.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 02/01/1952 - "Rheumatoid nodules a study in the pathogenesis and effects of cortisone and ACTH." 09/01/1951 - "Rheumatoid nodules; a study in their pathogenesis and the effects of cortisone and ACTH."
10.	Antinuclear AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2000 - "Extra-articular disease was predicted by the demonstration of antinuclear antibodies (Odds ratio (OR) 3.6; 95% CI: 1.4-9.1) and the presence of rheumatoid nodules within two years from RA diagnosis (OR 3.4; 95%, CI: 1.1-10.9) or at any time before ExRA onset (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1-7.2). " 01/01/1997 - "This report describes a 3-year-old girl with RF-negative, antinuclear antibody-negative systemic JRA who developed multiple rheumatoid nodules on the scalp and trunk during MTX therapy. " 01/01/2000 - "Extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis in a hospital based population were predicted by antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid nodules." 01/01/1996 - "No significant relationships were found between the skeletal, extraskeletal or familial features of AS or RA (iritis, psoriasis, inflammatory enteropathy and rheumatoid nodules, kerato-conjunctivitis sicca, pleuritis, rheumatoid and antinuclear factors) and the overall genotype. " 07/01/2011 - "Seventy-one patients with RA were assessed regarding their age at RA onset, duration of disease, gender, tobacco use, presence of rheumatoid nodules, secondary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid factor, presence of anti-CCP and antinuclear factor, respiratory complaints, use of medications, and pulmonary changes on HRCT. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2012 - "Marked improvement of lung rheumatoid nodules after treatment with tocilizumab."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2005 - "The baseline presence of RF by either Waaler-Rose or nephelometry was not associated with differences in drug therapy, morbidity other than rheumatoid nodules, or mortality in RA patients in the first 5 years of disease. " 01/01/2003 - "The influence of rheumatoid chemotherapy, age, and presence of rheumatoid nodules on postoperative complications in rheumatoid foot and ankle surgery: analysis of 725 procedures in 104 patients [corrected]."
3.	Arthroplasty 05/01/1993 - "Rheumatoid nodules at the cement-bone interface in revision arthroplasty of rheumatoid patients." 08/01/1986 - "Four operations have to be considered for the rheumatoid elbow: removal of rheumatoid nodules and bursectomy, resection of the radial head, synovectomy, and arthroplasty. "
4.	Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) 03/01/1984 - "This distinctive histologic lesion strongly resembles a rheumatoid nodule, but is not associated with connective tissue disease or infection and is probably related to prior transurethral prostatectomy or needle biopsy."
5.	Bronchoscopes 11/01/1998 - "[Rheumatoid nodule diagnosed by thoracoscopy using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope]."