Retinopathy of Prematurity (Retrolental Fibroplasia)

A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 3227 relevant articles (152 outcomes, 436 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Blindness (Hysterical Blindness)
4.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights)
5.	Lung Diseases (Lung Disease)

Experts

1.	Quinn, Graham E: 40 articles (06/2015 - 11/2002)
2.	Chiang, Michael F: 39 articles (09/2015 - 07/2004)
3.	Hellström, Ann: 36 articles (05/2015 - 07/2002)
4.	Wallace, David K: 34 articles (12/2015 - 04/2003)
5.	Hartnett, M Elizabeth: 31 articles (01/2015 - 06/2003)
6.	Smith, Lois E H: 28 articles (04/2015 - 07/2003)
7.	Good, William V: 28 articles (08/2013 - 12/2003)
8.	Tung, Betty: 25 articles (04/2013 - 11/2002)
9.	Fulton, Anne B: 24 articles (05/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Hardy, Robert J: 24 articles (02/2013 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Retinopathy of Prematurity:

1.	ROPIBA 07/01/2010 - "Timely screening of premature babies is an important initial step in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as earlier treatment results in improved visual prognosis. " 01/01/2008 - "With improved survival of very low birth infants in India, Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is emerging as a significant problem. " 09/01/1996 - "Retinopathy of prematurity (RoP) has become more common in developed countries with an improvement in survival of very premature infants. " 01/01/1989 - "Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is attracting renewed interest from ophthalmologists and neonatologists because of the improved survival of very low birthweight premature infants, some of whom develop blinding disease. " 01/01/2010 - "Despite new therapeutic approaches have improved the prognosis of newborns with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an unfavourable structural and functional outcome still remains high. "
2.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/2009 - "The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity trial demonstrated that peripheral retinal ablation of eyes with high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (early treatment) is associated with improved visual outcomes at 9 months' corrected gestational age compared with treatment at threshold disease (conventional management). " 12/01/2003 - "In comparison, in the presence of the retinal shortening and folding that develops postnatally in retinopathy of prematurity, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and incontinentia pigment, spontaneous release of the shortening can be expected following surgical removal of the preretinal fibrous tissue, and associated encircling procedures can be effective in selected cases. " 01/01/2011 - "Using the binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy findings as the gold standard, the efficacy of wide-field digital retinal imaging in detecting treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity, defined as type 1 prethreshold disease, was determined. " 01/01/2011 - "To evaluate the efficacy of wide-field digital retinal imaging for retinopathy of prematurity screening. " 01/01/2011 - "Efficacy of wide-field digital retinal imaging for retinopathy of prematurity screening."
3.	Vitamin EFDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1990 - "Analysis of nine randomised controlled trials of prophylactic vitamin E supplementation in very low-birthweight infants (less than 1500g) showed no statistically significant reduction in the incidence of acute retinopathy of prematurity. " 10/01/1999 - "Extensive research on the use of vitamin E for the prevention of retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of the newborn), despite yielding promising results, has not resulted in incorporation of vitamin E into conventional standards of care protocols. " 12/03/1981 - "Retrolental fibroplasia: efficacy of vitamin E in a double-blind clinical study of preterm infants." 01/01/2006 - "These include vitamin E as a prophylaxis against retinopathy of prematurity and the efficacy of light reduction to prevent retinopathy of prematurity. " 05/01/1986 - "The efficacy of vitamin E in retinopathy of prematurity."
4.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2013 - "670nm photobiomodulation as a novel protection against retinopathy of prematurity: evidence from oxygen induced retinopathy models." 01/01/2014 - "Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by the Norrin/Frizzled-4 pathway has been shown to improve capillary repair following oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) in the mouse, a model for retinopathy of prematurity. " 06/01/1960 - "A case of retrolental fibroplasia, treated and cured with administration of oxygen in alternating concentrations." 01/01/2014 - "Between 2004 and 2009, the US SUPPORT trial (Surfactant, Positive Pressure and Oxygenation Randomized Trial) recruited approximately 1,300 infants and showed that babies at the higher end of the recommended oxygen saturation range had a greater incidence of retinopathy of prematurity, but that, unexpectedly, babies at the lower end had a higher risk of death [1]. " 06/01/2013 - "Emerging data from randomised controlled trials of different pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) target ranges shows that higher SpO(2) targets are associated with a higher risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity. "
5.	bevacizumabFDA Link 07/01/2011 - "Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity." 02/17/2011 - "Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity." 01/01/2013 - "An updated study of the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in taiwan." 04/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to report a noncomparative consecutive case series of eyes with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity treated only with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin). " 12/01/2015 - "Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity: Considerations for informed consent."
6.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 09/01/2012 - "The use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for retinopathy of prematurity has been shown to be efficacious, without toxicity reported to date; however, the best drug and dose which allows greatest efficacy with fewest recurrences and without toxicity must be determined." 08/01/2015 - "This study was carried out to assess the role of VEGF and its receptor in retinopathy of prematurity. " 09/20/2015 - "Expression of Total Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Anti-angiogenic VEGF 165 b Isoform in the Vitreous of Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity." 08/01/2015 - "Role of Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Retinopathy of Prematurity." 07/01/2015 - "Polymorphisms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Retinopathy of Prematurity."
7.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Oral Propranolol: A New Treatment for Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity?" 09/01/2015 - "Even Propranolol could prove useful in this sense as suggested by some recent researches on retinopathy of prematurity and tumour biology. " 07/01/2015 - "[Propranolol as a possible new pharmacologic treatment of retinopathy of prematurity]." 10/01/2014 - "Oral propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, is able to reduce the progression of retinopathy of prematurity in newborns, but it appeared unsafe. " 12/01/2013 - "Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity: risks, safety concerns, and perspectives."
8.	Sucrose (Saccharose)IBA 12/01/2004 - "Analgesic effects of oral sucrose and pacifier during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity." 02/01/2014 - "Although sucrose combined with non-nutritive sucking modestly reduces pain scores during eye examinations, there is need to further studies to explore significant pain relief for infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity screening." 02/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of oral sucrose combined with non-nutritive sucking for reducing pain associated with retinopathy of prematurity screening. " 06/01/2005 - "Efficacy of sucrose to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity." 05/01/2006 - "Sucrose and non-nutritive sucking for the relief of pain in screening for retinopathy of prematurity: a randomised controlled trial."
9.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "A masked, randomized clinical trial for one dose of 1 ml of oral 25% glucose solution 2 minutes before the first ophthalmologic examination for retinopathy of prematurity was conducted between March 2008 and April 2010. " 05/01/2012 - "Continuous glucose monitoring and retinopathy of prematurity." 02/01/1998 - "In those infants with discordant disease, zygosity and postgestational factors other than lowest serum glucose were not related to severity of retinopathy of prematurity." 04/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether oral glucose could have a pain-relieving effect during the eye examinations that premature neonates undergo in the screening for retinopathy of prematurity. " 01/01/2013 - "One ml of oral 25% glucose solution given 2 minutes before an ophthalmologic examination for retinopathy of prematurity was an effective measure for pain relief."
10.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "To study the role of intravenous fluorescein angiography in early detection and regression of retinopathy of prematurity. " 10/01/1976 - "[Fluorescein angiographic studies on retinopathy of prematurity (author's transl)]." 08/01/2015 - "Influence of Fluorescein Angiography on the Diagnosis and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity." 05/01/2015 - "Color fundus photography versus fluorescein angiography in identification of the macular center and zone in retinopathy of prematurity." 01/01/2014 - "High-resolution oral fluorescein angiograms were successfully obtained in 3 consecutive premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity at the Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, England, using the Optos Panoramic 200MA imaging system (Optos PLC). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 03/01/1991 - "Cryotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for retinopathy of prematurity stage 3. It is said to reduce the unfavourable outcome of the disease by 50%. " 05/01/1989 - "Cryotherapy: a new treatment for retinopathy of prematurity." 06/01/1992 - "Efficacy of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity." 05/01/1992 - "The Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity previously reported reduced incidence of both poor structural and functional outcomes after cryotherapy. " 10/01/2001 - "Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: a MRI study of the surgical-anatomical relationship of the neonatal conjunctival fornices to the globe."
2.	Light Coagulation 09/01/1971 - "[Clinical study and photocoagulation of retinopathy of prematurity]." 06/01/2007 - "Quantitative analysis of retinal vessel diameter reduction after photocoagulation treatment for retinopathy of prematurity." 01/01/2004 - "Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity requiring photocoagulation." 11/01/1997 - "Overtreatment should be carefully avoided in zone I retinopathy of prematurity and zone II retinopathy with signs of possible rapid progression, which requires photocoagulation inside the vascular arcade." 06/01/1997 - "Overtreatment should be carefully avoided in retinopathy of prematurity complicated by disease in which photocoagulation needs to be done in the area posterior to the ridge."
3.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/2008 - "Neonates treated after December 2003 (cutoff date of the Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity study) underwent a significantly greater number of laser applications (mean +/- SD, 2,286 +/- 1,087) than did neonates treated earlier. " 10/01/2015 - "COMPARING THE OUTCOME OF SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPLE SESSION LASER PHOTOABLATION OF FLAT NEOVASCULARIZATION IN ZONE 1 AGGRESSIVE POSTERIOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: A Prospective Randomized Study." 09/01/2012 - "For eyes with retinopathy of prematurity, our study shows that LSS laser indirect delivery halves the number of spots required for treatment and reduces fluence by almost one-quarter, producing more uniform spots." 01/01/2010 - "Long-term visual outcomes of laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity: a study of refractive status at 7 years." 01/01/2016 - "She developed threshold retinopathy of prematurity bilaterally and was subsequently treated with laser ablative therapy. "
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 03/01/2000 - "In this population of infants, diode laser ablation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for threshold retinopathy of prematurity." 01/01/2015 - "Confluent diode laser coagulation: the gold standard of therapy for retinopathy of prematurity." 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors influencing diode laser treatment of active phase of retinopathy of prematurity. " 01/01/2000 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the outcomes of the diode laser in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity and to discuss the up-to-date possibilities of treating of active phase of this disease. " 01/01/2015 - "Refractive outcome of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity treated by diode laser: follow-up at 5 years."
5.	Vitrectomy 10/01/2011 - "This 23-gauge vitrectomy system seems to be a safe and effective approach for treatment of stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity. " 09/01/1995 - "This study was done to determine the efficacy of closed vitrectomy on long-term visual acuity of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity. " 08/01/2015 - "Safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral 25-gauge lens-sparing vitrectomy for vascularly active stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity." 02/01/2015 - "To study the outcome of pars plana vitrectomy performed on patients with stage 4b and stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity and to examine differences in clinical presentation from developed countries. " 01/01/2016 - "However, in select cases of Stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity, careful transection of retrolental membranes during lens-sparing vitrectomy using the appropriate technique may provide very good anatomical and visual outcomes."