Retinitis

01/01/2001 - "Ganciclovir (GCV) implants are highly effective in delaying the progression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. "
12/01/1989 - "Ganciclovir appears to be a promising therapy for CMV retinitis, but further work is necessary to determine the best regimen for optimal efficacy with minimal side effects."
06/01/2008 - "Four months after presentation, gancyclovir was intravitreously injected a total of 5 times, and the retinitis resolved completely. "
07/01/2005 - "The retinitis resolved completely with systemic ganciclovir. "
09/01/2014 - "Non-HIV patients with CMV retinitis can be successfully treated with intravitreal ganciclovir injection alone, avoiding the systemic side effects of systemic anti-CMV therapy."

02/14/1992 - "Foscarnet was well tolerated and effective in delaying progression of CMV retinitis in these patients. "
05/01/1989 - "Intermittently administered intravenous foscarnet appears to be an effective, relatively nontoxic therapy for CMV retinitis. "
05/01/1989 - "A pharmacokinetic study was carried out as part of a clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intermittently administered intravenous foscarnet for the treatment of CMV retinitis. "
01/01/1996 - "Intravenous therapy with foscarnet, guided by the results of the vitreous biopsy, resulted in resolution of the retinitis and an improvement in vision. "
01/01/1992 - "In a randomized comparative trial of immediate and delayed foscarnet treatment utilizing rigorously defined end points, the mean times to retinitis progression were 13.3 weeks among patients receiving immediate foscarnet therapy and 3.2 weeks among those receiving no treatment. "

11/01/1999 - "Cidofovir has proved to be highly effective in treatment of CMV retinitis. "
05/01/1997 - "Intravitreal cidofovir has been shown to be a long acting and highly efficacious treatment for CMV retinitis; however decrease in IOP is an adverse effect. "
07/01/1996 - "Treatment and subsequent maintenance therapy of CMV retinitis with 20 micrograms intravitreally injected cidofovir, given at 5- to 6-week intervals, is highly effective, with only rare episodes of re-activation and progression."
07/28/2000 - "Although effective for the treatment of CMV retinitis, cidofovir has potential toxicity. "
04/01/1998 - "Cidofovir therapy is effective in delaying progression of CMV retinitis that had previously progressed using other anti-CMV therapies."

01/01/1994 - "The results of the studies suggest three ways CD4+ T cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 retinitis in the uninoculated contralateral eye: (1) accumulation of massive inflammatory cell infiltrates in the retina, (2) induction of retinal destruction, and (3) clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the contralateral eye. "
09/01/1999 - "However, pinpoint dots at the leading edge evolved into the typical wreath-like spots of multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome, which then coalesced into the advancing edge of a geographic retinitis or retinal pigment epitheliitis, before spontaneous resolution. "
06/01/1998 - "Twenty-one eyes of 20 patients presented with retinal lesions, and on average, those treated for active retinitis had improvement in vision."
02/01/2015 - "Retinal photography with the camera used in this study was not highly sensitive in detecting CMV retinitis but may identify disease with an immediate threat to vision. "
12/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study is to report a case of Kyrieleis plaques (segmental retinal periarteritis) associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. "

11/01/2004 - "Six months after discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy, CMV retinitis of the left eye occurred but was treated successfully with a second course of oral valganciclovir. "
01/01/2011 - "Valganciclovir is an essential drug for developing successful programs for management of CMV retinitis in China and throughout SE Asia."
01/01/2011 - "CMV retinitis has been clinically ignored, in part, because of the perceived complexity and expense of treatment, and this obstacle can be removed by making valganciclovir affordable and widely available. "
01/01/2011 - "The obvious way to improve clinical management of CMV retinitis is to screen all patients with CD4 counts < 100 cells/μL with indirect ophthalmoscopy at the time they first present for care, and to provide systemic treatment with oral valganciclovir when active CMV retinitis is detected. "
01/01/2010 - "In March 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration approved valganciclovir for the induction and maintenance treatment of CMV disease, including CMV retinitis. "

01/01/1995 - " 2 Recurrence rate of CMV retinitis in patients following pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. "
02/01/1994 - "The authors performed a retrospective review of 35 eyes in 30 immunocompromised patients with CMV retinitis and RD who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the use of silicone oil injection. "
09/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of silicone oil removal (SOR) in post-cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis-related retinal detachment in Indian eyes. "
11/01/2005 - "The study cohort consisted of a series of 15 eyes in 14 patients with HIV and CMV retinitis with a retinal detachment (RD) repaired with silicone oil at a single center and followed from the time of the CMV retinitis diagnosis through the time of silicone oil removal. "
01/01/2001 - "These results support the use of combined GCV implants and silicone oil tamponade in patients with CMV retinitis and associated retinal detachment."

09/01/2010 - "Retinitis resolved after systemic acyclovir treatment in all patients. "
01/01/2010 - "Seven days after intravenous acyclovir, the retinitis disappeared. "
11/15/1994 - "The retinitis was curvilinear in shape, showed progressive enlargement, and appeared to be altered by treatment with intravenous acyclovir. "
06/01/2000 - "Three patients with necrotizing herpetic retinopathy received intravitreal antiviral injections for treatment of progressive retinitis, despite standard intravenous acyclovir therapy. "
07/01/1982 - "Theoretically, more effective treatment of encephalitis with nucleoside analogues, for example with acyclovir, could reveal the development of retinitis in survivors."

11/01/1990 - "After the DHPG-treatment was initiated the retinitis improved markedly, however there still was a very slow progression of the disease in the following time. "
01/01/1990 - "The recommended regimen requires injection of 200 micrograms DHPG intravitreally twice a week for a period of several weeks to months to control the progression of CMV retinitis. "
11/01/1987 - "A final course of outpatient maintenance therapy with DHPG failed to prevent a preterminal relapse of the retinitis. "
01/01/1990 - "A previous study performed to determine the safe dose of intravitreal DHPG was based on a single intravitreal dose study; it does not consider the toxicity which may arise from multiple intravitreal injections of DHPG as it is utilized in the treatment of patients with CMV retinitis. "
11/01/1987 - "There are few reports of the use of this drug in the treatment of CMV retinitis with AIDS, but it appeared to be less effective in our patient than DHPG, possibly because of poor penetration of the blood-ocular barrier. "

04/01/2002 - "Both regimens of intravitreous fomivirsen can be effective treatment for patients with CMV retinitis that has not been controlled by other anti-CMV drugs. "
09/01/2006 - "An anti-sense therapeutic, ISIS 2922, is also approved specifically as in intravitreal treatment for CMV retinitis. "
04/01/2002 - "Patients in the deferral of treatment group were offered fomivirsen therapy at the time of clinically determined retinitis progression. "
04/01/2002 - "Included were patients with CMV retinitis lesions at least 750 microm outside of zone 1. Fomivirsen was injected weekly for three doses as induction therapy, followed by injection every other week as maintenance therapy. "
04/01/2002 - "A multicenter, prospective, and randomized clinical trial compared immediate treatment of CMV retinitis with fomivirsen (165 microg administered intravitreously) to deferral of treatment until CMV retinitis lesions progressed by standard definitions. "

04/01/2013 - "We report a first case for long-term control of CMV retinitis with ICL using interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy and succeeded in discontinuation of anti-CMV therapy. "
07/01/2003 - "Experiments were performed to explore the mechanism by which IL-2 treatment during MAIDS might restore resistance to MCMV retinitis. "
05/01/2003 - "Taken together, our findings suggest that function of cytotoxic lymphocytes that infiltrate the eye may be more important than absolute numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes that infiltrate the eye when assessing the protective effects of IL-2 immunotherapy on MCMV retinitis during MAIDS."
04/01/2013 - "She developed blindness of the first affected right eye, whereas the visual acuity of the left eye remains excellent more than 12 years after the onset of CMV retinitis through the combined use of anti-CMV therapy, IL-2 therapy, and vitrectomy."
07/01/2003 - "Mice with a retrovirus-induced immunosuppression (MAIDS) are susceptible to experimental murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis, but can be rendered resistant to retinitis by systemic interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy. "

06/01/2002 - "The minimum HIV viral load level reached after the initiation of HAART treatment appears to be more important than other clinical variables in the prediction of favorable CMV retinitis remission status. "
09/01/2001 - "Six months after the initial episode while still under successful HAART, the patient developed an acute episode of retinitis despite a persistent significant improvement in the immunological picture and a very low level of CMV reactivation. "
06/16/2000 - "The introduction of HAART has had a major impact on the natural history of CMV retinitis with improved survival time and decreased risk of progression following diagnosis. "
06/01/2002 - "Proportional hazards analysis was performed to assess the correlation of the nine potential clinical predictors (baseline CD4 count, post-HAART CD4 count, post-HAART rise in CD4 count, baseline weight, post-HAART rise in weight, post-HAART percentage rise in weight, log of baseline HIV viral load, log of minimum post-HAART HIV viral load, and post-HAART log unit reduction in HIV viral load) with the duration of CMV retinitis remission. "
03/01/2008 - "The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly reduced the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, but has not eliminated new cases altogether. "

06/01/2013 - "Compared with systemic treatment only, regimens containing intravitreal injections had greater rates of retinitis progression (adjusted HR, 3.4; P = 0.004) and greater visual field loss (for loss of one half of the normal field, adjusted HR, 5.5; P < 0.01). "
09/01/2005 - "Intravitreal injections were discontinued once CMV retinitis healed if there was a significant increase in CD4+ count (any increase of > or 50 cells/microL to levels over 100 cells/microL sustained for at least 3 months). "
10/01/2000 - "The ocular disposition and toxicity of GEM132, a mixed backbone phosphorothioate oligonucleotide developed for the treatment of cytomegalovirus-induced retinitis, were studied in rabbits for 6 months following single intravitreal injection of 5, 20, or 100 microgram/eye (toxicity) and 3.7, 15.7, or 78.5 microgram/eye (disposition). "
05/01/2000 - "In order to determine the possible mechanisms leading to bilateral retinitis, we studied the pathways by which herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is propagated from one retina to the other after intravitreal injection in mice. "
12/01/1996 - "The CMV antigenemia assay may be a simple and rapid means of identifying those patients with unilateral retinitis at highest risk of developing CMV retinitis of the fellow eye or of visceral CMV disease if intravitreal injections or implants are used as sole treatment for CMV retinitis."

10/01/2013 - "Two patients (2 eyes) with widespread necrotizing retinitis in a steroid-exposed eye posed a diagnostic challenge and underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). "
12/01/2005 - "A presumptive diagnosis of viral retinitis was made, and a vitrectomy was performed. "
08/01/2002 - "During vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotic injection, an area of retinitis surrounding an eroded retinal blood vessel was found. "
08/01/1986 - "[Preventive vitrectomy in acute necrotizing retinitis]."
10/01/2010 - "After therapeutic vitrectomy for intercurrent vitreous hemorrhage, and while still under treatment, the retinitis resolved completely with final visual acuity of 20/25. "

06/01/2011 - "After 5 injections, the retinitis was dramatically improved. "
09/01/2013 - "Local immunosuppression, the dose and the frequency of injections may explain the occurrence of this severe retinitis. "
03/01/2010 - "Our high reported incidence for this potentially devastating complication can be attributed to multiple factors, including coexisting medical immunocompromising comorbidities, a higher dose with a longer duration of local immunosuppression in the vitreous, multiple injections, as well as previous viral retinitis. "
02/01/2007 - "He did not develop CMV retinitis in the right eye despite multiple intraocular and periocular steroid injections. "
11/01/2005 - "The number of eyes achieved inactive retinitis and corresponded to the number of injections, number of relapses and corresponded duration, visual acuity during the injection, and complications of the injection. "

06/01/1997 - "These results provide proof-of-principle for the hypothesis that systemic cytokine immunotherapy will reduce the frequency of CMV retinitis in a setting of retrovirus-induced immunosuppression. "
10/01/2004 - "Our findings warrant additional studies on the use of cytokine immunotherapy for management of HCMV retinitis (and possibly other opportunistic infections) during HIV-1-induced immunodeficiency. "
10/01/2004 - "We envision systemic cytokine immunotherapy as an altemative or adjunct to traditional antiviral chemotherapy for optimal management of AIDS-related HCMV retinitis."
10/01/2004 - "To explore cytokine immunotherapy for sight-threatening AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis, we developed a mouse model of experimental murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis that employs mice with MAIDS, a retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome. "
05/01/2003 - "Taken together, our findings suggest that function of cytotoxic lymphocytes that infiltrate the eye may be more important than absolute numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes that infiltrate the eye when assessing the protective effects of IL-2 immunotherapy on MCMV retinitis during MAIDS."