Retinal Pigments (Pigments, Visual)

Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.

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Networked: 2414 relevant articles (49 outcomes, 183 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Shields, Carol L: 29 articles (11/2022 - 12/2005)
2.	Kaarniranta, Kai: 20 articles (10/2022 - 06/2005)
3.	Shields, Jerry A: 20 articles (01/2021 - 12/2005)
4.	Klein, Ronald: 20 articles (01/2020 - 10/2002)
5.	Sparrow, Janet R: 18 articles (01/2017 - 05/2003)
6.	Hinton, David R: 17 articles (01/2018 - 07/2006)
7.	Wang, Fang: 14 articles (02/2022 - 03/2014)
8.	Sarraf, David: 13 articles (11/2022 - 09/2007)
9.	Webster, Andrew R: 13 articles (01/2022 - 08/2005)
10.	Klein, Barbara E K: 13 articles (01/2020 - 10/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Maculopathy) 03/04/2016 - "Restoration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to prevent further loss of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration represents a promising novel treatment modality. " 01/01/2020 - "Preclinical safety studies of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration." 01/01/2020 - "A Preclinical Safety Study of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells for Macular Degeneration." 12/01/2017 - "The current study focused on the effect of cranberry juice (CJ) on blue light exposed human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells which mimic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). " 06/01/2010 - "Although the exact pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is not clear, most studies indicate a role for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage and death caused by oxidative stress. "
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 10/14/2022 - "We used human retinal pigment epithelial cell to study the molecular mechanisms on how FJ extract (FJE) and PV extract (PVE) lowering the inflammation of the eye. " 11/01/2021 - "This study shows that exogenous delivery of H2S decreases inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells on exposure to Hcy in ARPE-19 cells." 11/01/2021 - "In this study we have analysed the endogenous and exogenous H2S in modulating inflammation using adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells as an in vitro model for AMD. " 12/01/2020 - "This study aims to explore the effects of exosomes, secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under oxidative stress (OS), on apoptosis and inflammation of normal RPE cells. " 01/27/2023 - "Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Sweet Corn Extract on Il-1β-Induced Inflammation in a Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line (ARPE-19)."
3.	Retinal Degeneration 05/25/2021 - "In this study, we used recombinant Adeno Associated Virus (AAV) to provide long-term sustained delivery of EPO-R76E and demonstrated its effects in a mouse model of dry-AMD in which retinal degeneration is induced by oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. " 02/01/1993 - "The goal of this study was to develop the first vital assay system for in vitro analysis of phagocytosis of rod outer segments (ROS) by normal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and for study of the phagocytic defect in RPE of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat with inherited retinal degeneration. " 01/13/2023 - "With aging and the accumulated effects of environmental stress, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, which can lead to retinal degeneration. " 12/01/2022 - "Direct conversion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells for treatment of retinal degeneration." 10/21/2022 - "Induced retinal pigment epithelial cells with anti-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ability delay retinal degeneration."
4.	Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy 01/01/2021 - "Targeting matrix stiffness-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the RhoA/YAP pathway ameliorates proliferative vitreoretinopathy." 01/01/2021 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate whether excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition-induced mechanical matrix stiffness plays a key role in promoting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation and the subsequent development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 03/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to observe the involvement of Notch signaling in the EMT of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). " 11/01/2014 - "Our study clearly demonstrates that cell line-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (unlike donor-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells) cultured in the presence of patient-derived vitreous/subretinal fluid, exhibit characteristic features of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. " 09/01/1985 - "Several studies have focused on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation as an important event in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). "
5.	Atrophy 10/01/2014 - "study population: All patients with non-neovascular AMD and no retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy at baseline who were seen between 2007 and 2012 in a single academic retina practice. " 12/01/2023 - "Fundus autofluoresence (excitation 488 nm) images of 193 eyes in patients with proven ABCA4 mutation were semi-automatically segmented for autofluoresence changes: (DDAF) and questionably decreased autofluoresence (QDAF), which are proxies for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy. " 09/03/2023 - "Atrophy was defined as regions with ≥ 2 of the following: (1) partial or complete retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation; (2) round shape; (3) sharp margins; and (4) increased visibility of choroidal vessels. " 08/01/2023 - "The clinical presentation of retinocytoma usually includes a gray translucent mass, intralesional calcification, and retinal pigment epithelial alteration, along with the presence of chorioretinal atrophy. " 05/01/2023 - "Main outcome measures included: RGCL and RNFL thickness, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume (MV) and the presence of intraretinal fluids (IRF), subretinal fluids (SRF) and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (RPE-atrophy). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)
3.	Lipopolysaccharides
4.	Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
5.	Acrolein (Aqualin)
6.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
8.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
9.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)
10.	aflibercept

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Light Coagulation
4.	Injections
5.	Intravitreal Injections