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Abnormal Reflex (Hyperreflexia)

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An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.

Also Known As:

Hyperreflexia; Hoffman's Reflex; Hyporeflexia; Reflex, Abnormal; Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex; Abnormal Reflexes; Bulbocavernosus Reflex, Decreased; Bulbocavernousus Reflex Absent; Palmo-Mental Reflex; Reflex, Absent; Reflex, Acoustic, Abnormal; Reflex, Anal, Absent; Reflex, Anal, Decreased; Reflex, Ankle, Abnormal; Reflex, Ankle, Absent; Reflex, Ankle, Decreased; Reflex, Biceps, Abnormal; Reflex, Biceps, Absent; Reflex, Biceps, Decreased; Reflex, Corneal, Absent; Reflex, Corneal, Decreased; Reflex, Decreased; Reflex, Deep Tendon, Abnormal; Reflex, Deep Tendon, Absent; Reflex, Gag, Absent; Reflex, Gag, Decreased; Reflex, Knee, Abnormal; Reflex, Knee, Decreased; Reflex, Moro, Asymmetric; Reflex, Pendular; Reflex, Triceps, Abnormal; Reflex, Triceps, Absent; Reflex, Triceps, Decreased; Reflexes, Abnormal; Absent Reflex; Decreased Bulbocavernosus Reflex; Decreased Reflex; Palmo Mental Reflex; Pendular Reflex; Reflex Absent, Bulbocavernousus; Reflex, Decreased Bulbocavernosus; Reflex, Hoffman's; Reflex, Palmo-Mental

Networked: 454 relevant articles (36 outcomes, 44 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury)
2.	Meningomyelocele (Myelomeningocele)
3.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
4.	Multiple Sclerosis
5.	Neurogenic Urinary Bladder (Bladder, Neurogenic)

Experts

1.	Vizzard, Margaret A: 7 articles (11/2010 - 07/2006)
2.	Chancellor, Michael B: 7 articles (10/2007 - 01/2002)
3.	May, Victor: 6 articles (11/2010 - 07/2006)
4.	Yoshimura, Naoki: 5 articles (09/2011 - 11/2002)
5.	Braas, Karen M: 4 articles (11/2010 - 07/2006)
6.	Girard, Beatrice M: 4 articles (11/2010 - 11/2008)
7.	Denys, P: 4 articles (07/2003 - 01/2000)
8.	Birder, Lori A: 3 articles (04/2015 - 11/2008)
9.	Tyagi, Pradeep: 3 articles (04/2015 - 01/2004)
10.	Prakash, Sanjay: 3 articles (04/2015 - 02/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Abnormal Reflex:

1.	Capsaicin (Zostrix)FDA Link 02/01/1994 - "The improvement in bladder behaviour shown in this study can be interpreted as showing that capsaicin sensitive afferents play an important part in the pathogenesis of detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal humans. " 06/01/1999 - "We obtained a clinical and significant urodynamic improvement in 15 of the 30 patients (50%), confirming that intravesical capsaicin may represent a therapeutic option for a selected group of patients suffering from refractory detrusor hyperreflexia due to chronic spinal upper motor neuron lesion. " 07/01/1996 - "Intravesical capsaicin is a novel and promising treatment for detrusor hyperreflexia in neurologically impaired patients." 01/01/2002 - "Research on the use of capsaicin as an intravesicular drug has had limited success, but trials have confirmed the efficacy of intravesical capsaicin for detrusor hyperreflexia. " 01/01/1998 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerance of capsaicin, a neurotoxin for C-fiber afferents, applied intravesically in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia. "
2.	oxybutynin (Tavor)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2000 - "Intravesical oxybutynin therapy seems to be a safe and effective treatment option for detrusor hyperreflexia in adults and avoids surgical treatment in most patients. " 02/01/2004 - "Vaginally delivered oxybutynin was effective in improving bladder compliance, inhibiting intra-arterial Ach stimulated bladder contractions and significantly decreasing the amplitude of hyperreflexia. " 01/01/2003 - "Oxybutynin XL is safe and effective in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia secondary to SCI. The onset of clinical efficacy occurs within 1 week, and daily dosages up to 30 mg are well tolerated." 01/01/2005 - "We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oxybutynin in children with detrusor hyperreflexia due to neurological conditions. " 02/01/2004 - "Vaginal oxybutynin had a more potent effect on the evoked response to Ach and on hyperreflexia than it did on micturition pressure."
3.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum A Toxin)FDA Link 06/01/2015 - "Effect of intravesical botulinum neurotoxin-A injection on detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients." 02/01/2004 - "Botulinum-A toxin is a safe alternative in the management of detrusor hyperreflexia in MMC children. " 02/01/2004 - "Botulinum-A toxin is a safe alternative in the management of detrusor hyperreflexia in children with MMC. " 03/01/2002 - "With the intent of avoiding surgery, we investigated the effect of botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in this group of patients. " 09/01/2000 - "Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: a new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? "
4.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 07/01/2003 - "[Efficacy of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia]." 07/01/2003 - "Botulinum toxin injected into the detrusor muscle seems to be an efficient treatment of bladder hyperreflexia for 6 months in patients resistant to parasympathicolytic drugs. " 07/01/2003 - "To determinate the efficacy of botulinum toxin to treat refractory urinary incontinence due to bladder hyperreflexia. " 11/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of children with detrusor hyperreflexia caused by myelomeningocele and the effects of this treatment on neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction. " 06/01/2015 - "To evaluate the effects of Botulinum Toxin A injection into the detrusor muscle on various voiding parameters in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic detrusor hyperreflexia Materials and methods: 24 patients with spinal cord injuries who had detrusor overactivity and urinary incontinence and were refractory to oral medications, were injected 300 IU of BTX-A into the detrusor muscle. "
5.	propiverineIBA 03/01/1999 - "Propiverine proved its efficacy in detrusor hyperreflexia with regard to the urodynamic parameters of the maximal cystometric bladder capacity and detrusor contractility. " 03/01/1999 - "Efficacy and safety of propiverine in SCI-patients suffering from detrusor hyperreflexia--a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." 03/01/1999 - "The aim of this double-blind, randomised, prospective, multicentre trial was to evaluate the efficacy of propiverine in patients suffering from detrusor hyperreflexia caused by spinal cord injury in comparison to placebo. " 10/01/1997 - "The positive risk-benefit relationship of propiverine hydrochloride in the treatment of detrusor hyperactivity, hypersensitivity and hyperreflexia was reconfirmed in this post-marketing drug surveillance study." 10/01/1997 - "Clinical efficacy of propiverine hydrochloride was verified by the improvement of symptoms related to detrusor hyperactivity, hypersensitivity and hyperreflexia during a 12-week surveillance period: daytime and overnight urinary incontinence, as well as the frequency, nocturia, urgency in day time and at night decreased. "
6.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "Treatment with prednisolone markedly improved the weakness and hyporeflexia as well as the cerebrospinal fluid protein. " 06/01/2002 - "In conclusion, induction of a low central CRF content by prednisolone leads to a marked hyperreflexia in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and hyporeflexia in the latency time test. " 01/01/2011 - "After methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral administration of prednisolone, visual dysfunction, dysuria, limb dysesthesia and hyperreflexia were improved. "
7.	resiniferatoxinIBA 06/01/2000 - "Desensitization of urinary bladder C-fibers with resiniferatoxin ameliorates bladder hyperreflexia and incontinence and supports a similar role for C-fibers in man. " 01/01/2003 - "Intravesical resiniferatoxin for refractory detrusor hyperreflexia: a multicenter, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial." 08/30/1997 - "Suppression of bladder hyperreflexia by intravesical resiniferatoxin." 10/01/2000 - "Fourteen patients with detrusor hyperreflexia were instilled during 30 min, without any form of local anesthesia, with 100 ml (or the bladder capacity if lower than that volume) of 50 or 100 nM resiniferatoxin solutions in 10% alcohol in saline. " 12/01/1997 - "A total of 15 subjects with normal (8 patients) or unstable detrusor muscle (1 with detrusor instability and 6 with detrusor hyperreflexia) underwent urodynamic assessment during and after intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin. "
8.	tolterodine (Detrol)FDA Link 01/01/1997 - "Phase II data indicate that tolterodine is an efficacious and safe treatment for patients with idiopathic detrusor instability or detrusor hyperreflexia. " 05/01/1999 - "In our randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group study 123, 129 and 64 patients 18 years old or older with proved detrusor overactivity (idiopathic detrusor instability or detrusor hyperreflexia) were randomized to receive 1 or 2 mg. tolterodine, or placebo, respectively, twice daily for 12 weeks. " 01/01/1998 - "The results of this study suggest that tolterodine is well-tolerated and exerts a dose-dependent effect on bladder function in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia. " 01/01/1998 - "Dose-ranging study of tolterodine in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia." 03/01/2000 - "To investigate the urodynamic effects and tolerability of the new antimuscarinic drug tolterodine in children with detrusor hyperreflexia. "
9.	terodiline (TD 758)IBA 06/01/1993 - "The current study characterizes the ability of terodiline to inhibit an experimental form of hyperreflexia and compares the efficacy and potency of terodiline and other agents on hyperreflexia and evoked contractions. " 06/01/1989 - "Terodiline is an alternative drug in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia. " 10/01/1987 - "It is concluded that terodiline is a useful alternative in treatment of patients with detrusor hyperreflexia." 10/01/1987 - "In 25 neurological patients with detrusor hyperreflexia terodiline reduced the number of total micturitions during daytime. " 12/01/1992 - "Intravesical administration of terodiline may offer an alternative treatment in selected patients with detrusor hyperreflexia."
10.	CalciumIBA 10/01/1987 - "A calcium blocking and anticholinergic agent (terodiline) in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia: a placebo-controlled, cross-over trial." 06/01/1989 - "A single-blind placebo controlled study on the efficacy of the anticholinergic and calcium blocking agent terodiline (Mictrol) on detrusor hyperreflexia has been done in 10 patients with multiple sclerosis in a stable state. " 05/01/1984 - "Two patients, one with ataxia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and bilateral Babinski's signs, the other with dysarthria, dysphagia, muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and hyperreflexia, had elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, establishing the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravesical Administration 08/01/1993 - "It is expected that intravesical instillation therapy for detrusor hyperreflexia will be improved in the future based upon the data obtained." 01/01/1991 - "In this current study we determined the effect of intravesical administration of a variety of compounds to inhibit the induced hyperreflexia. " 07/01/1998 - "Unlike PS or LPS alone, the intravesical administration of PS + LPS induced detrusor hyperreflexia. " 06/01/1996 - "We concluded that rat detrusor muscle was capable of responding to NO, and these findings might lead to a treatment for bladder instability and detrusor hyperreflexia, by the use of intravesical instillation of NO donors." 02/01/1991 - "Control of detrusor hyperreflexia by the intravesical instillation of oxybutynine hydrochloride."
2.	Injections 01/01/2001 - "Six male cats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and bipolar cuff electrodes were used to measure sacral nerve root electroneurograms (ENG) during slow bladder filling, during rapid injections of fluid into the bladder, and during hyperreflexia-like bladder contractions. " 05/01/1992 - "In contrast to the placebo injections, the group responded to the baclofen injections with subjective and objective, clinically significant improvement in parameters of spasticity in their lower limbs, including muscle tone, frequency of spasms, hyperreflexia and passive range of joint motion. " 09/01/2000 - "We evaluated the efficacy of botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle in patients with spinal cord injury, detrusor hyperreflexia and urge incontinence resistant to anticholinergic drugs. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1989 - "Findings of the urodynamic studies after treatment in 9 patients showed detrusor hyperreflexia in 3 patients (2 with DSD and 1 with normal sphincter), autonomous bladder in 1 patient with DSD, atonic bladder in 4 patients (2 with DSD, 1 with incompetent sphincter and 1 with normal sphincter) and normal bladder with normal sphincter in 1 patient. " 11/01/1982 - "Evaluation by cystometry (after treatment of infections) in 30 patients showed 24 (80%) to have detrusor hyperreflexia. " 04/01/1996 - "After treatment in 6 patients bladder dysfunction improved (18%), hyperreflexia disappeared in 4 and sphinteric resistance increased in 2. In patients with tethered cord syndrome, untethering is recommended treatment in preventing further, sometimes rapid neurologic dysfunction and better results are got in childs whose condition is repaired at an early ages."
4.	Rhizotomy 01/01/2002 - "Detrusor hyperreflexia is eliminated through complete dorsal rhizotomy, which results in loss of reflex defecation and reflex erection/reflex lubrication. " 05/01/2003 - "Posterior sacral rhizotomies are indispensable to the technique as they suppress detrusor and sphincter hyperreflexia and improve continence thereby protecting the upper urinary tract. " 10/01/2001 - "Yet another implantable device may become available which allows treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia without the need for a dorsal sacral rhizotomy." 01/01/1997 - "226 patients with spinal cord lesion and urological problems due to hyperreflexia of the bladder were screened for sacral rhizotomies and electrical bladder stimulation. " 04/01/1996 - "In 52 patients with spinal cord lesions and urological problems due to hyperreflexia of the bladder complete posterior sacral root rhizotomy was performed and a Finetech-Brindley sacral anterior root stimulator was implanted. "
5.	Oral Administration 12/01/1981 - "III. Clinical treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia by TURP, oral administration of flavoxate and prolonged bladder distension (author's transl)]." 01/01/2011 - "After methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral administration of prednisolone, visual dysfunction, dysuria, limb dysesthesia and hyperreflexia were improved. "