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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome)

A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)
Also Known As:
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome; Syndrome, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Syndrome, Shoulder-Hand; Algodystrophic Syndrome; CRPS Type I; Cervical Sympathetic Dystrophy; Pain Syndrome Type I, Complex Regional; RSD (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy); Sudek's Atrophy; Sympathetic Reflex Dystrophia; Type I Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; Algodystrophies; Atrophies, Sudek's; Atrophy, Sudek; Atrophy, Sudek's; CRPS Type Is; Cervical Sympathetic Dystrophies; Dystrophies, Cervical Sympathetic; Dystrophies, Reflex Sympathetic; Dystrophy, Cervical Sympathetic; Dystrophy, Reflex Sympathetic; RSDs (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy); Reflex Dystrophia, Sympathetic; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophies; Shoulder Hand Syndrome; Shoulder-Hand Syndromes; Sudek's Atrophies; Sudeks Atrophy; Sympathetic Dystrophies, Cervical; Sympathetic Dystrophies, Reflex; Sympathetic Dystrophy, Cervical; Sympathetic Dystrophy, Reflex; Sympathetic Reflex Dystrophias; Syndrome, Algodystrophic; Syndromes, Shoulder-Hand; Type I, CRPS; Algodystrophy; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Type I; Pain Syndrome Type I, Regional, Complex; Shoulder-Hand Syndrome; Sudek Atrophy
Networked: 802 relevant articles (68 outcomes, 86 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Pain (Aches)
2. Stroke (Strokes)
3. Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
4. Chronic Pain
5. Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia)

Experts

1. Dijkstra, Pieter U: 7 articles (08/2020 - 10/2011)
2. van Kleef, Maarten: 6 articles (11/2013 - 06/2006)
3. Geertzen, Jan H B: 5 articles (08/2020 - 06/2007)
4. Schrier, Ernst: 5 articles (08/2020 - 12/2012)
5. Mazzardo-Martins, Leidiane: 5 articles (08/2019 - 08/2012)
6. Bodde, Marlies I: 5 articles (06/2015 - 10/2011)
7. Kemler, Marius A: 5 articles (11/2013 - 10/2002)
8. Guo, Tian-Zhi: 5 articles (08/2009 - 03/2004)
9. Kingery, Wade S: 5 articles (08/2009 - 03/2004)
10. Martins, Daniel F: 4 articles (01/2022 - 08/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy:
1. GuanethidineFDA Link
2. salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA
3. Gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric
4. SmokeIBA
5. Pamidronate (Aredia)FDA LinkGeneric
6. Calcitonin (Calcitonin, Eel)FDA LinkGeneric
7. Therapeutic UsesIBA
8. Capsaicin (Zostrix)FDA Link
9. Reserpine (Serpasil)FDA Link
10. Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Spinal Cord Stimulation
3. Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies)
4. Moxibustion
02/01/2012 - "According to the requirements of evidence-based medicine, papers of randomized controlled clinical trials for shoulder-hand syndrome published in China from 2005 to 2010 collected by databases VIP, Wanfang, CNKI, collections of papers of academic conferences, etc. were retrieved by using key words of shoulder-hand syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, acupuncture, moxibustion. "
09/12/2021 - "The first-class indications of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the recent 5 years were hemiplegia, lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, knee osteoarthritis, insomnia, constipation and cerebrovascular diseases; the second-class were facial neuritis, shoulder pain and headache; the third-class were dysphagia, dysmenorrhea and depression; the forth-class were asthma, urinary retention, cerebral palsy, hypertension, dementia, side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, infertility, allergic rhinitis, vertigo, shoulder-hand syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, herpes zoster, pain, hiccup, diarrhea, lumbar sprain and sciatica. "
01/01/2023 - "Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Plum Blossom Needling with Mild Moxibustion Device for Upper Limb Pain Disorder and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial."
01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of Moxibustion Smoke for Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial [Response to Letter]."
01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of Moxibustion Smoke for Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial."
5. Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique)