Rectal Prolapse

Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum.

Also Known As:

Networked: 249 relevant articles (22 outcomes, 23 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rectocele
2.	Intussusception
3.	Constipation
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
5.	Weight Gain

Experts

1.	Cunningham, C: 3 articles (11/2015 - 02/2010)
2.	Lindsey, I: 3 articles (11/2015 - 02/2010)
3.	Hompes, R: 2 articles (11/2015 - 02/2012)
4.	Jones, O M: 2 articles (11/2015 - 02/2012)
5.	Schoetz, David J: 2 articles (11/2014 - 03/2012)
6.	Ricciardi, Rocco: 2 articles (11/2014 - 03/2012)
7.	Hachiro, Yoshikazu: 2 articles (05/2014 - 11/2007)
8.	Kunimoto, Masao: 2 articles (05/2014 - 11/2007)
9.	Abe, Tatsuya: 2 articles (05/2014 - 11/2007)
10.	Beck, David E: 2 articles (03/2012 - 01/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Rectal Prolapse:

1.	Polypropylenes (Polypropylene)IBA 04/01/1983 - "Marlex mesh rectopexy is a safe and effective operation for rectal prolapse. " 07/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the functional outcome of posterior sagittal rectopexy with prolene mesh for rectal prolapse in young adults. " 06/01/2015 - "Posterior Sagittal Mesh Rectopexy (PSMR) and Anal Encirclement with Polypropylene Mesh for Correction of Complete Rectal Prolapse-a New Application." 07/01/2010 - "These findings indicate that posterior sagittal rectopexy with prolene mesh in adults with rectal prolapse is an effective technique, with excellent functional results and without major morbidities, but still long-term results are awaited." 07/01/1999 - " We reviewed the results in 50 patients on whom posterior abdominal Marlex mesh rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse had been performed. "
2.	ivalon spongeIBA 06/01/1994 - "Sixty-three patients (62 women) with full-thickness rectal prolapse were entered into a prospective randomized trial of Ivalon sponge rectopexy (31 patients) versus sutured rectopexy (32). " 06/01/1994 - "Prospective randomized trial of Ivalon sponge versus sutured rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse." 06/01/1994 - "Ivalon sponge rectopexy is a safe reliable procedure in the management of rectal prolapse. " 07/01/1990 - "Bowel habit in 57 rectal prolapse patients was assessed before and after abdominal Ivalon rectopexy. " 05/01/1987 - "Twenty-four consecutive patients (mean age: 74 years) with complete rectal prolapse, fifteen of whom were incontinent of solid stool, have been treated by postanal repair and intersphincteric Ivalon sponge rectopexy. "
3.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 01/01/2008 - "We concluded that 4-6 ml of ethyl alcohol (96%) is effective for the treatment of rectal prolapse. " 01/01/2008 - "Our aim in this study is to evaluate the effect of ethanol as a sclerosing agent on subset of pediatric patients with prolonged rectal prolapse. " 01/01/2008 - "From 1997 to 2003, 165 cases of primary rectal prolapse were treated by submucosal injection of ethyl alcohol (96%) after 8 weeks of conservative therapy. "
4.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 02/01/1979 - "The injection of 5% phenol in oil into the rectal submucosa cured persistent rectal prolapse in 91 of 100 young children. " 01/01/2015 - "Many techniques are described to manage recurrent rectal prolapse in children, including repeated Thiersch stitch, phenol injections, Delorme and Altemeier procedures, and rectopexy. " 12/01/2004 - "The treatment of rectal prolapse in children with phenol in almond oil injection."
5.	CollagenIBA 11/01/2015 - "Components of connective tissue other than collagen have been found to be involved in patients with rectal prolapse. " 02/01/2005 - "A new, minimally invasive perineal procedure for rectal prolapse has been developed and initial data testify to its relative safety provided collagen is used. " 03/01/1984 - "Use of collagen implant for posterior rectopexy in complete rectal prolapse: preliminary communication." 04/01/2015 - "The aim of our study was to report the complication and recurrence rate of our first 100 cases of LVR for symptomatic internal rectal prolapse and/or rectocele using a porcine dermal collagen mesh. " 12/01/2006 - "This video was designed to demonstrate a novel surgical method that uses porcine collagen implants (Permacol), designed to correct internal rectal prolapse, with or without rectocele. "
6.	Sclerosing Solutions (Sclerosing Agents)IBA 08/01/2013 - "Comparative effects of different sclerosing agents used to treat rectal prolapse: an experimental study in rats." 04/01/2004 - "A wide variety of sclerosing agents have been used in the treatment of rectal prolapse (RP) in children. " 01/01/1997 - "Injection of sclerosing solutions into the rectal submucosa or into the perirectal space is one of the many therapies designed to correct rectal prolapse. " 09/01/1954 - "Treatment of complete rectal prolapse with sclerosing agents." 08/01/2013 - "Sclerosing agents injected into the rectal submucosal area produce an inflammatory response and scar that prevent rectal prolapse. "
7.	aluminum sulfate (alum)IBA 09/01/1982 - "Alum solution injection in treatment of complete rectal prolapse in adults. " 05/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical data and recurrence rates in patients with rectal prolapse undergoing combined aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection and anal encirclement using the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament. " 05/01/2014 - "Combined aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerosing therapy and anal encirclement using an elastic artificial ligament for rectal prolapse." 11/01/2007 - "We describe a new technique that uses ALTA (aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid) injection as a simple perianal procedure for total rectal prolapse. " 11/01/2007 - "Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection in the treatment of total rectal prolapse: early outcomes."
8.	dexon (fungicide)IBA 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to examine the functional outcome of transsacral rectopexy performed with Dexon mesh for recurrent complete rectal prolapse. " 01/01/1999 - "These findings indicate that transsacral rectopexy with Dexon mesh can achieve good control of recurrent complete rectal prolapse." 01/01/1998 - "A prospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical and functional results of transsacral rectopexy with a DEXON mesh in the elderly or poor risk patients with complete rectal prolapse. " 01/01/1998 - "Transsacral rectopexy with DEXON mesh for complete rectal prolapse is useful as this technique is simple to conduct, can be applied to the elderly or poor risk patients, replaces rectal prolapse, improves defecation troubles and recovers fecal incontinence." 06/01/1997 - "Dexon mesh may be as effective as Prolene mesh in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. "
9.	Tannins (Tannic Acid)FDA Link 05/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical data and recurrence rates in patients with rectal prolapse undergoing combined aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection and anal encirclement using the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament. " 05/01/2014 - "Combined aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerosing therapy and anal encirclement using an elastic artificial ligament for rectal prolapse." 11/01/2007 - "We describe a new technique that uses ALTA (aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid) injection as a simple perianal procedure for total rectal prolapse. " 11/01/2007 - "Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection in the treatment of total rectal prolapse: early outcomes." 05/01/2014 - "Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid is a sclerosant used for sclerosing therapy in the treatment of hemorrhoids, and a Leeds-Keio artificial ligament is a new anal-encircling material for the management of rectal prolapse. "
10.	Polyglycolic Acid (Polyglycolide)IBA 12/01/1992 - "A prospective, randomized study comparing abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Group I; n = 15) with polyglycolic acid mesh rectopexy without sigmoidectomy (Group II; n = 15) for complete rectal prolapse was carried out. " 06/01/1997 - "Comparison of polyglycolic acid and polypropylene mesh for rectopexy in the treatment of rectal prolapse."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sutures (Suture) 07/01/2012 - "Ventral suture rectopexy is a safe and effective treatment for complete rectal prolapse in a selected group of patients." 01/01/2015 - "Placement of three sequential Thiersch sutures along the rectum is effective in treating recurrent rectal prolapse and a good alternative to major rectopexy. " 12/01/1989 - "We believe that simple suture rectopexy offers a safe and effective alternative to other, more complex procedures for the treatment of rectal prolapse." 07/01/2015 - "In this report, we investigated whether the use of a pursestring suture was an effective treatment for mice with rectal prolapse. " 05/01/2000 - "Laparoscopic suture rectopexy without resection is effective treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse."
2.	Sclerotherapy 10/01/2005 - "Both non-operative and injection sclerotherapy are effective in managing idiopathic rectal prolapse in paediatric population, but in terms of early recovery injection sclerotherapy is recommended as it is associated with less morbidity and is cost-effective." 02/07/2008 - "Injection sclerotherapy with cow milk for treatment rectal prolapse in children is a simple and effective treatment for rectal prolapse with minimal complications." 02/01/1998 - "The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of injection sclerotherapy as treatment for persistent rectal prolapse. " 02/01/1998 - "Injection sclerotherapy is simple and should be considered as the first line treatment of recurrent rectal prolapse after failure of conservative measures. " 06/01/2015 - "The combination of perirectal sclerotherapy and anal encirclement for treating complete rectal prolapse in adults is a simple and safe procedure with reasonable outcome. "
3.	Laparotomy 08/01/1993 - "The authors feel that laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection is a safe and effective method of treating full-thickness rectal prolapse, thereby avoiding a laparotomy and reducing hospital stay." 01/01/2012 - "The Authors present a patient with WD who underwent surgery because of an advanced rectal prolapse (laparotomy, rectal mobilization, rectopexy, the partial sigmoid colon resection with the primary anastomosis). " 05/01/2006 - "Laparoscopic rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse offers short-term advantages compared with operations performed by laparotomy. " 06/01/2005 - "Manual reduction, by this or other described methods, should be attempted before emergent laparotomy for incarcerated rectal prolapse is performed." 09/01/1999 - "Resection rectopexy through open laparotomy is an established procedure for the treatment of rectal prolapse. "
4.	Enema (Enemas) 07/01/2010 - "Reported outcomes included continence, rectal prolapse, the position of the rectum (7 studies using Kelly score), manometry (1 study), contrast enema (1 study), postanal endosonography (3 studies), and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (3 studies). " 09/01/2011 - "Enema resulting in rectal prolapse and colostomy in a term pregnant woman." 01/28/2015 - "Rectal prolapse excision or obliterative suture, rectocele and/or enterocele repair, retrograde Malone's enema and partial myotomy of the puborectalis muscle are effective in selected cases. " 03/01/2008 - "Using chi2 test, success of air enema was reduced in the presence of rectal bleeding, rectal prolapse of intussusception, dehydration, and small bowel obstruction. "
5.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 01/01/2004 - "Twelve patients (60 percent) benefited from biofeedback as judged by improvement of incontinence symptoms affecting quality of life; all four patients with partial sphincter defects, three out of four patients after secondary repair, three out of five patients with persistent incontinence after rectal prolapse surgery and two out of seven patients having idiopathic incontinence. " 03/01/1996 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative biofeedback training on postoperative continence in patients with rectal prolapse. " 03/01/1996 - "Biofeedback therapy can improve the function of external sphincter; however, the most important reason for postoperative incontinence in rectal prolapse patients is low resting pressure that cannot be corrected by biofeedback therapy." 03/01/1996 - "Biofeedback therapy in rectal prolapse patients." 03/01/2008 - "This prospective study was designed to evaluate the short-term and long-term results of stapled transanal rectal resection in patients affected by solitary rectal ulcer associated with internal rectal prolapse and nonresponders to biofeedback therapy. "