Muscarinic Receptors (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1839 relevant articles (59 outcomes, 211 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wess, Jürgen: 19 articles (01/2015 - 04/2003)
2.	Yamada, Shizuo: 18 articles (01/2014 - 11/2004)
3.	Raufman, Jean-Pierre: 15 articles (11/2013 - 10/2002)
4.	Dean, Brian: 13 articles (12/2015 - 04/2004)
5.	Conn, P Jeffrey: 13 articles (08/2015 - 01/2008)
6.	Cheng, Kunrong: 13 articles (11/2013 - 10/2002)
7.	Lindsley, Craig W: 12 articles (08/2015 - 10/2008)
8.	Scarr, Elizabeth: 11 articles (12/2015 - 02/2006)
9.	Michel, Martin C: 11 articles (06/2014 - 09/2002)
10.	Dean, B: 10 articles (01/2015 - 09/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Overactive Urinary Bladder (Overactive Bladder) 03/01/2009 - "Muscarinic receptor antagonists are effective in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), but their site(s) of action and actual therapeutic target are unclear. " 10/01/2007 - "Muscarinic receptor antagonists are effective for treatment of the overactive bladder. " 03/01/2006 - "Muscarinic receptor antagonists have been reported to be effective in the treatment of overactive bladder. " 05/01/2000 - "A wealth of clinical evidence supports the view that muscarinic receptor antagonists are effective in the treatment of overactive bladder. " 02/01/2015 - "The efficacy and tolerability of tarafenacin, a new muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonist in patients with overactive bladder; randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study."
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 09/01/2014 - "We previously identified a group of subjects with schizophrenia who, on average, have a 75% decrease in cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) in Brodmann's area (BA) 9. To extend this finding, we determined i) if the decrease in CHRM1 was present in another functionally related CNS region (BA6), ii) whether the marked decrease in CHRM1 was accompanied by changes in levels of other CHRMs and iii) potential factors responsible for the decreased CHRM1 expression. " 01/01/2012 - "Recent advances in developing compounds that are selective to muscarinic receptor subtypes or activate allosteric receptor sites offer tremendous promise for therapeutic targeting of specific muscarinic receptor subtypes in schizophrenia." 01/01/2012 - "This theory has been revitalized with a number of recent and provocative findings including postmortem reports in schizophrenia patients showing decreased numbers of muscarinic M(1) and M(4) receptors in brain regions associated with schizophrenia as well as decreased muscarinic receptors in an in vivo imaging study. " 01/01/2009 - "These trials and studies investigating the role of both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the pathology of the disorder, published during the last 5 years, are reviewed to ascertain whether there is a role for the cholinergic system in the treatment of schizophrenia." 09/15/2005 - "Recent studies have indicated that muscarinic receptors are involved in the pathophysiology in schizophrenia, particularly in cognitive deficits. "
3.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 07/18/2003 - "It has long been recognized that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are crucial for the control of cognitive processes, and drugs that activate mAChRs are helpful in ameliorating cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease (AD). " 08/01/2009 - "To elucidate further our Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies on the chemistry and muscarinic receptor 1 binding efficacy, a series of novel carboxamide derivatives of 2-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)morpholine molecule have been designed and synthesized as a new class of M1 receptor agonists with a low toxicity effect profile that enhances memory function in animal models of Alzheimer's presenile dementia and also modulates the APP secretion from rat brain cerebrocortical slices by activating M1 receptor in vitro. " 05/01/2005 - "This study provides further evidence of the involvement of the posterior cingulate region and of muscarinic receptors in early Alzheimer's disease and suggests that this change may precede an alteration in blood flow." 11/01/2003 - "A randomised placebo controlled study to assess the effects of cholinergic treatment on muscarinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease." 08/01/1999 - "The purpose of the present study was to determine the total amount of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and relative proportion of each subtype (m1-m4) of mAChRs in the frontal and temporal cortex of seven DLBD and 11 Alzheimer's disease necropsied brains. "
4.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion) 04/01/1995 - "Since previous studies have implicated that the precursors of ganglion cells and amacrine cells also possess muscarinic receptors (Yamashita and Fukuda, 1993), the concomitant emergence of different functional cholinergic receptor (AChR) subtypes with differentiation in vivo suggests that ACh may play diverse and temporally regulated roles in the developing retina." 08/01/2015 - "The cation channels activated by muscarinic receptors may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in rat intracardiac ganglion neurons." 08/01/2015 - "Muscarinic receptor-mediated excitation of rat intracardiac ganglion neurons." 01/01/2015 - "Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors shape ganglion cell response properties." 05/01/2010 - "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor localization and activation effects on ganglion response properties."
5.	Bradycardia 08/01/2009 - "This is the first study to demonstrate a specific role of the M(2) muscarinic receptor in the initiation of hypoxic bradycardia in fish." 08/01/2009 - "In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the hypoxic bradycardia is mediated specifically by stimulation of the M(2) muscarinic receptor, the most abundant subtype in the vertebrate heart. " 04/01/2004 - "Loss of vagally mediated bradycardia and bronchoconstriction in mice lacking M2 or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors." 02/01/2004 - "Specifically, we wanted to determine the role of GRK5 in regulating muscarinic receptor-mediated control of airway smooth muscle tone or regulation of cholinergic-induced bradycardia. " 11/01/2002 - "Zebrafish M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: cloning, pharmacological characterization, expression patterns and roles in embryonic bradycardia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Muscarinic Receptors (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)
2.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)
3.	Atropine (Hyoscyamine)
4.	Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
5.	Carbachol (Carbastat)
6.	Muscarinic Antagonists
7.	tiotropium (Spiriva)
8.	GTP-Binding Proteins (G-Protein)
9.	Pirenzepine
10.	Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenergic Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Injections
3.	Intravenous Injections
4.	Subcutaneous Injections
5.	Denervation