LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)

Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.

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Networked: 2588 relevant articles (76 outcomes, 286 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Daugherty, Alan: 18 articles (09/2014 - 03/2002)
2.	Rader, Daniel J: 17 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Seidah, Nabil G: 15 articles (04/2015 - 06/2003)
4.	Defesche, Joep C: 15 articles (03/2015 - 12/2002)
5.	Fazio, Sergio: 15 articles (07/2014 - 04/2002)
6.	Van Berkel, Theo J C: 15 articles (02/2013 - 04/2002)
7.	Kastelein, John J P: 14 articles (06/2015 - 12/2002)
8.	Kuiper, Johan: 13 articles (01/2015 - 12/2005)
9.	Van Eck, Miranda: 13 articles (09/2014 - 09/2004)
10.	Lusis, Aldons J: 12 articles (01/2015 - 07/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Atherosclerosis 04/30/2007 - "These results show for the first time that this dual Tx inhibitor is effective in reducing atherogenesis in the LDL receptor deficient mice. " 03/01/2001 - "Identification of the gene in this region may lead to new insights into the mechanisms of LDL receptor-mediated uptake of LDL by cells and may help to identify further genetic risk factors for premature atherosclerosis." 09/01/2011 - "Macrophage Elovl6 deficiency ameliorates foam cell formation and reduces atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice." 05/01/2015 - "This study examines the effect of hepatocyte or myeloid cell deletion of GSK3α or GSK3β on atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(-/-) mice. " 01/01/2015 - "This study aimed to apply ultrasound biomicroscopy to evaluate aortic atherosclerotic progression in a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis. "
2.	Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II (Familial Hypercholesterolemia) 03/01/2007 - "Phenocopies of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hoFH) having autosomal recessive inheritance, were recently found to arise from defects in the LDL receptor (LDLR) adapter protein, called ARH, which facilitates the clearance of circulating LDL. " 12/01/2002 - "Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder with a gene-dosage effect that is usually caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene that disrupt normal clearance of LDL. " 11/01/1998 - "In view of the presence of some 190 mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene and a lack of simple detection methods, we have developed an improved assay system for detecting familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using mitogen-induced proliferating lymphocytes. " 11/01/1998 - "Improved detection of familial hypercholesterolemia by determining low density lipoprotein receptor expression in mitogen-induced proliferating lymphocytes." 01/01/2015 - "This study aimed to investigate the exact prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in the general population, taking advantage of the fact that five low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) founder mutations account for 78% of FH cases in Finland. "
3.	Hypercholesterolemia 01/01/2006 - "Upregulation of liver LDL receptor expression is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia. " 01/01/2015 - "Although ARH has been described as being "recessive," several studies, including ours, have indicated that a heterozygous carrier status of the LDLRAP1 gene is associated with mild hypercholesterolemia and exacerbates the phenotype of FH resulting from LDL receptor gene mutations. " 09/01/2014 - "This challenging work in the genetics of hypercholesterolemia paved the way for a plethora of studies around the world allowing the characterization of PCSK9, its expression, its impact on reducing the abundance of LDL receptor, and the identification of loss-of-function mutations in hypocholesterolemia. " 01/01/2009 - "This study utilized a mouse model of hypercholesterolemia, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat diet for 5 months, to test the hypothesis that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency contributed to NASH development. " 08/01/2008 - "The objective of this study was to examine the role of maternal hypercholesterolemia in fetal programming of adult vascular function using transgenic mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). "
4.	Hyperlipidemias (Hyperlipidemia) 07/01/2012 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the biomechanical and morphological properties of the femur of low-density lipoprotein receptor gene knockout mice (LDLr-/-) mice. " 10/01/2003 - "Molecular analysis of the LDL receptor gene will clearly identify the cause of the patient's hyperlipidemia and allow appropriate early treatment as well as antenatal and family studies." 10/05/2001 - "In the current study, we show an unexpectedly severe hyperlipidemia in ob/ob mice on a background of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency (-/-). " 01/01/2014 - "BBR activates hepatic Raf-1 signaling and up-regulates LDL receptor expression in a rat model of hyperlipidemia with no impact on liver Ras activity. " 07/01/2012 - "Effect of hyperlipidemia on femoral biomechanics and morphology in low-density lipoprotein receptor gene knockout mice."
5.	Coronary Disease (Coronary Heart Disease) 01/01/2014 - "Meta-analysis of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) rs2228671 polymorphism and coronary heart disease." 12/01/2008 - "PCSK9 gain of function mutations cause hypercholesterolaemia by a reduction of LDL receptor levels, while PCSK9 loss of function variants are associated with a reduction of LDL-C values and a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. " 01/01/1999 - "Effects of Ava II and Hinc II polymorphisms at the LDL receptor gene on serum lipid levels of Brazilian individuals with high risk for coronary heart disease." 01/01/1998 - "We conclude that only part of the variable phenotype of heterozygous FH patients is explained by different LDL-receptor defects and that other factors determine the severity of their hypercholesterolaemia and the onset of coronary disease." 05/01/1997 - "Comparison of the effect of two low-density lipoprotein receptor class mutations on coronary heart disease among French-Canadian patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)
2.	Cholesterol
3.	Apolipoproteins
4.	Apolipoprotein A-I (Apolipoprotein A1)
5.	Apolipoproteins B (ApoB)
6.	Lipoprotein Lipase (Diacylglycerol Lipase)
7.	Proprotein Convertases (Pro-Opiomelanocortin Converting Enzyme)
8.	Subtilisin
9.	Chylomicron Remnants
10.	Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Blood Component Removal (Apheresis)
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)