Q Fever (Fever, Q)

An acute infectious disease caused by COXIELLA BURNETII. It is characterized by a sudden onset of FEVER; HEADACHE; malaise; and weakness. In humans, it is commonly contracted by inhalation of infected dusts derived from infected domestic animals (ANIMALS, DOMESTIC).

Also Known As:

Networked: 771 relevant articles (41 outcomes, 58 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Endocarditis
3.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
4.	Fatigue
5.	Fever (Fevers)

Experts

1.	Raoult, Didier: 41 articles (06/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Raoult, D: 14 articles (10/2013 - 01/2000)
3.	Mege, Jean-Louis: 13 articles (03/2015 - 03/2003)
4.	van der Hoek, Wim: 11 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)
5.	Wever, Peter C: 10 articles (07/2015 - 04/2011)
6.	Capo, Christian: 10 articles (01/2014 - 03/2003)
7.	Renders, Nicole H M: 9 articles (07/2015 - 04/2011)
8.	Schneeberger, Peter M: 9 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)
9.	Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P: 8 articles (08/2015 - 01/2013)
10.	Million, Matthieu: 8 articles (06/2015 - 08/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Q Fever:

1.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2011 - "MWD vector control measures and prophylactic doxycycline administration are effective in Q fever disease control and prevention. " 01/01/1991 - "Comparative chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxycycline administered orally or parenterally was studied on a model of experimental Q fever in guinea pigs and albino mice. " 05/01/2012 - "We report the case of a patient with SLE with an initial diagnosis of lupus flare, who was found to have Q fever showing an excellent response to treatment with doxycycline." 06/01/2011 - "Prevention of these diseases requires a better understanding of their epidemiology, but prophylaxis with doxycycline and possibly Q fever vaccine should be considered." 08/01/2009 - "A prompt evaluation revealed positive serology for Q fever and doxycycline was initiated. "
2.	VaccinesIBA 09/01/1987 - "Vaccines for Q fever have been proven effective in clinical trials." 01/01/2013 - "Future challenges include the development of improved, easier to produce Q fever vaccines." 06/01/2003 - "Comparison of the efficacy of Q fever vaccines against Coxiella burnetii experimental challenge in pregnant goats." 01/01/1982 - "Experimental Q fever vaccines have also given protection against disease but side-effects have limited their use. " 12/15/2007 - "This report presents novel evidence to highlight the importance of PI-LPS and Abs in protective immunity and has important implications for the design of new generation vaccines against Q fever."
3.	Acute Q feverIBA 11/01/2004 - "It was positive only in samples from patients with evolutive Q fever, as none of the samples from patients with a treated chronic Q fever or with a convalescent acute Q fever presented positive results. " 08/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Q fever and prevalence of chronic Q fever in patients with abdominal aortic and/or iliac disease after the Q fever outbreak of 2007-2010 in the Netherlands. " 08/01/2003 - "This animal model could provide a new tool for the study of chronic Q fever and Q fever in immunodeficient hosts." 01/01/2003 - "Further studies will be undertaken to increase sample sizes, to survey other forms of chronic Q fever and to examine Q fever patients who have recovered without sequelae." 07/01/1998 - "Our study demonstrates that Q fever is an endemic disease in Crete and that the diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infection can be rapidly achieved by the detection of the microorganism in buffy coat samples by nested PCR. "
4.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2012 - "burnetii protein antigens along with a comprehensive evaluation of the humoral immune response will be of fundamental importance towards research and development of a safe and efficacious vaccine as well as improved serodiagnostic tests for rapid and sensitive detection of the Q fever pathogen. " 12/01/2014 - "Our results suggest that these seroreactive SEPs have potential as serodiagnostic antigens or as subunit vaccine antigens against Q fever. " 01/01/2014 - "Cultures of clinical specimens, urine antigen tests for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila, and paired serologic assessments for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) were used for identifying pathogens associated with CAP. " 01/01/2014 - "Many commercial antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for Q fever utilize the Nine Mile (Montana tick) strain of Coxiella burnetii as antigen. " 08/05/2011 - "As a prerequisite, sero-prevalence in Bavarian cattle (1) and sero-prevalences for age-groups (2) were determined by ELISA (CHEKIT Q-Fever; mix of PhI/PhII-antigen). "
5.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2004 - "The results suggest that the common antibiotics therapy for Q fever used in other countries is also effective for Japanese Q fever patients." 12/30/1952 - "Treatment of Q fever with antibiotics." 12/01/2015 - "A Case of Pediatric Q Fever Osteomyelitis Managed Without Antibiotics." 06/01/2015 - "Q fever during pregnancy is challenging because pregnant women are less symptomatic, but infection is associated with a poor fetal outcome, including malformations that are preventable by antibiotics. " 03/01/2000 - "Inadequate excision at procurement (10.37% pulmonary), persistent contamination after antibiotics (5.6%) and positive serology for hepatitis B and C and Q fever (5.4%) were other frequent causes for rejection. "
6.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 09/01/1969 - "One thousand and fifty-two sera examined for Q fever yielded 26% of positive results with titres of complement-fixing antibody through 1 in 4 to 1 in 128 and over. " 07/01/2012 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the complement fixation test (CFT) with respect to ELISA for the serological diagnosis of Q fever and to assess the role of serology as a tool for the identification of the shedder status. " 03/01/2012 - "The current study examined the agreement of ELISA and complement fixation results in over 668 diagnostic ruminant sera submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories for Q fever serologic testing. " 05/01/1995 - "The study of immune response in Q-fever patients and convalescents at different periods from the beginning of the disease demonstrated the diagnostic possibilities of the complement fixation test (CFT), the microagglutination test (MAT), the passive immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). " 12/01/1984 - "[Epidemiology of Q fever in Hesse: studies using enzyme immunoassay and the complement fixation reaction]."
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 03/01/2015 - "burnetii DNA, suggesting they might be important in the epidemiology of Q fever in China." 01/01/2014 - "DNA microarray-based detection of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever." 01/01/2014 - "burnetii genomic DNA from the platelets than from the leukocyte sediment can recommend that platelets be used as biological material in the diagnosis of Q fever." 01/01/2014 - "burnetii DNA in the leukocyte and platelet sediments of 41 patients aged 39.9 +/- 0.8 years diagnosed with Q fever at the Astrakhan Regional Clinical Hospital in 2009 to 2010. " 11/01/2013 - "burnetii DNA in sewage water during the decline of the Q fever outbreak in The Netherlands in 2011 indicate a low health risk for SWTP workers and residents. "
8.	Erythromycin (Erycette)FDA LinkGeneric 08/04/1979 - "Q fever treated with erythromycin." 09/01/1991 - "Erythromycin is commonly used for the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, but there is some concern about its usefulness when Q fever is suspected because of in-vitro studies showing a lack of efficacy against Coxiella burnetii. " 09/01/1991 - "This study suggests that erythromycin is an adequate treatment for Q fever pneumonia." 04/01/1992 - "Whether Q fever responds better to doxycycline or erythromycin is unknown. " 04/01/1992 - "The efficacy of doxycycline and erythromycin in the treatment of pneumonia due to Q fever was assessed in a prospective, randomised, double blind study of 82 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia and features suggestive of Q fever infection; 48 proved to have Q fever. "
9.	Formaldehyde (Formol)FDA Link 06/06/1994 - "To examine the efficacy of various batches of a formalin-inactivated whole cell Coxiella burnetti vaccine (Henzerling strain, Phase 1 [Q-Vax, CSL]) in the prevention of Q fever among abattoir workers. " 08/01/2001 - "To investigate an abattoir outbreak of Q fever in southem New South Wales with reference to the protective effect and safety of the formalin-inactivated Q fever vaccine (Q Vax) administered before and during the outbreak. " 12/22/1984 - "In an attempt to control Q fever by vaccination, 924 nonimmune volunteers at two South Australian abattoirs were inoculated with one dose of a purified, formalin-inactivated, Coxiella burneti, Henzerling strain, phase 1 vaccine. " 02/01/1977 - "A phase I formalin-inactivated Q fever vaccine, using the Nine Mile strain of the organism, was tested for its ability to prevent dairy cows from shedding Coxiella burnetti in their milk. " 04/01/1993 - "Current Q fever vaccines, consisting of Formalin-inactivated phase I whole Coxiella burnetii, are highly efficacious in preventing disease in high-risk settings but are associated with a risk of unacceptable local reactions in previously immune individuals and require cumbersome preliminary immunologic evaluation of potential vaccinees. "
10.	TetracyclinesIBA 12/01/1989 - "Tetracyclines are still the first antibiotic choice in spotted fevers, typhus and Q fever. " 10/01/1999 - "The tetracyclines are still considered the mainstay of antibiotic therapy of acute Q fever, whereas antibiotic combinations administered over prolonged periods are necessary to prevent relapses in Q fever endocarditis patients. " 12/01/1989 - "In Q fever, according to the new biological data, an association of tetracyclines and Rifampin or Quinolones is suggested." 09/01/1987 - "Tetracyclines remain the mainstay of treatment for acute Q fever, and tetracyclines in combination with other antibiotics have been advocated for patients with Q fever endocarditis. " 08/01/2006 - "Although tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, rifampicin, etc. are used effectively in the treatment of Q fever, many cases appear to improve by beta-lactam administration because the illness often takes a natural course."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/2012 - "Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, may cause culture-negative vascular graft infections that can be diagnosed by serology and molecular biology. " 01/01/2005 - "Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, may cause culture-negative vascular graft infections. " 02/01/1988 - "Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, tissue transplant, leukaemia, and Q fever." 01/01/2016 - "In this series surgical treatment yielded good results for both Q fever endocarditis and vascular graft infection. " 02/01/2007 - "We describe a rare case of Q fever infection of an aortic graft presenting with pyrexia and constant severe midlumbar pain due to erosion of multiple vertebral bodies. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/1991 - "[Drugs for antibiotic- and chemotherapy of Q fever]." 01/01/1977 - "Observation on chemotherapy in cows chronically infected with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)." 06/01/1955 - "[Experimental chemotherapy of Q fever]." 01/01/2011 - "[Present stage of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of rickettsiosis and Q fever]." 07/01/1970 - "Because of the nature of rickettsial infection neither a course of chemotherapy nor an operation can guarantee a cure of Q fever endocarditis. "
3.	Electrocoagulation (Electrocautery) 07/01/1998 - "A new model of experimental endocarditis, using electrocoagulation of native aortic valves, was used for the study of Q fever endocarditis. "
4.	Day Care (Partial Hospitalization) 04/22/2006 - "The aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of Q fever in a group of people (day care centre for mental-handicapped individuals) previously exposed to animals in a school-farm. "
5.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/2014 - "Among 6,401 patients undergoing valve surgery, postoperative examinations of the explanted valves/prostheses led to an unexpected diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis in 14 cases (0.2%), who subsequently underwent appropriate medical treatments. " 11/01/2014 - "A retrospective review was conducted of data relating to all patients who had unsuspected Q fever endocarditis that had been diagnosed after routine valve/prosthesis replacement/repair between 2000 and 2013 at the authors' institution. " 11/01/1996 - "We report what is probably the first case of Q fever prosthesis endocarditis in Portugal, as a complication following an acute episode of Q fever." 07/01/1969 - "Case of Q fever endocarditis at site of aortic valve prosthesis." 11/20/2014 - "No previous experience existed for Q fever vaccination in this patient risk-group with predefined cardiac valvular anomalies or aortic aneurysm/prosthesis and many co-morbidities. "