Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid (Pyroglutamic Acid)

01/01/2015 - "Importantly, for the first time, we demonstrate that passive immunization using the antibody NT4X is therapeutically beneficial in Alzheimer mouse models showing that N-truncated Aβ starting with position four in addition to pyroglutamate Aβ3-x is a relevant target to fight Alzheimer's disease. "
03/01/2013 - "However, given that Aβ11-42 is converted to [Pyr(11)]Aβ11-42 by a glutamyl cyclase in vivo, the potential aggregative and cytotoxic nature of [Pyr(11)]Aβ11-42 that was observed in the present study provides valuable insights into the pathological functions of pyroglutamate-modified Aβ species in Alzheimer's disease."
12/31/2010 - "Identification of low molecular weight pyroglutamate A{beta} oligomers in Alzheimer disease: a novel tool for therapy and diagnosis."
12/01/2010 - "Pyroglutamate-Aβ: role in the natural history of Alzheimer's disease."
01/01/2010 - "Pyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease cases."

01/01/1990 - "Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) was compared with placebo in a randomized, double blind trial for assessing its efficacy in treating memory deficits in 40 aged subjects. "
01/01/2015 - "We demonstrate that the antibody NT4X and its Fab fragment reacting with both the free N-terminus of Aβ4-x and pyroglutamate Aβ3-X mitigated neuron loss in Tg4-42 mice expressing Aβ4-42 and completely rescued spatial reference memory deficits after passive immunization. "
01/01/2014 - "N-truncated pyroglutamate (pGlu)-amyloid-β [Aβ(3-40/42)] peptides are key components that promote Aβ peptide accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. "

09/01/2010 - "Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of pyroglutamic acid amide analogues of 4 were investigated and compound 31 was identified as a potent P2X(7) antagonist with excellent in vivo activity in animal models of pain, and a profile suitable for progression to clinical studies."

12/01/2011 - "Minor re-engineering of χ-conotoxin MrIa to convert its N-terminal residue to pyroglutamic acid proved particularly successful and the modified derivative, Xen2174, is currently in clinical trials for neuropathic pain."

12/01/2001 - "In the present study we investigated the effects of L-pyroglutamic acid (PGA), which predominantly accumulates in the inherited metabolic diseases glutathione synthetase deficiency (GSD) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency (GCSD), on some in vitro parameters of energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. "