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Pyrithiamine

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A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.

Also Known As:

1, Heterovitamin B; B 1, Heterovitamin; Heterovitamin B 1; Neopyrithiamine; Pyridinium, 1-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-, bromide, monohydrobromide

Networked: 109 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Pyrimidines: 319
    - Pyrithiamine: 109
  - Pyridines: 41
    - Pyridinium Compounds: 5
      - Pyrithiamine: 109

Experts

1.	Savage, Lisa M: 14 articles (07/2012 - 07/2003)
2.	Vetreno, Ryan P: 5 articles (05/2011 - 07/2008)
3.	Savage, L M: 4 articles (01/2015 - 03/2001)
4.	Roland, Jessica J: 4 articles (03/2010 - 01/2007)
5.	Hazell, Alan S: 2 articles (03/2014 - 08/2003)
6.	Ribeiro, Angela M: 2 articles (07/2012 - 07/2005)
7.	Resende, Leticia S: 2 articles (07/2012 - 06/2012)
8.	Hall, Joseph M: 2 articles (07/2012 - 06/2012)
9.	Klintsova, Anna: 2 articles (05/2011 - 03/2007)
10.	Sullivan, Edith V: 2 articles (10/2007 - 05/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Thiamine Deficiency 06/01/2012 - "The rodent pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) model has been used to study the extent of hippocampal and cortical neuroadaptations in KS. " 09/01/2010 - "In the present study, the pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency rat model was used to assess the functional relationships between thalamic pathology, behavioral impairment, ACh efflux and cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus and cortex. " 05/01/2007 - "Development and resolution of brain lesions caused by pyrithiamine- and dietary-induced thiamine deficiency and alcohol exposure in the alcohol-preferring rat: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study." 09/01/1998 - "In the present study, diurnal rhythm and regulation of body temperature were monitored during and several weeks following pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD group, n=8) or pairfeeding (control group, n=9). " 04/01/1994 - "Recent studies have shown that pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) in the rat can produce a consistent pattern of pathology in the thalamus and mammillary bodies and result in permanent impairments on behavioral measures of working memory. "
2.	Wernicke Encephalopathy (Wernicke's Encephalopathy) 03/10/2000 - "The current study examined the possible role of increased histamine release and granulocyte activity in the vascular changes that precede the onset of necrotic lesions with the thalamus of the pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) rat model of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). " 04/12/1996 - "Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in the rat exhibits many neuropathological and biochemical similarities to Wernicke's Encephalopathy in human. " 04/01/1989 - "Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine-deficiency encephalopathy in the rat shows many neuropathological and biochemical similarities to Wernicke's encephalopathy in humans. " 10/01/1988 - "Reversible alterations of cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid in pyrithiamine-treated rats: implications for the pathogenesis of Wernicke's encephalopathy." 08/01/2003 - "Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (TD) is a well-established model of Wernicke's encephalopathy in which a glutamate-mediated excitotoxic mechanism may play an important role in determining selective vulnerability. "
3.	Gliosis 03/01/1996 - "Autoradiographic studies reveal that increased densities of binding sites for the astrocytic ligand 3H-PK11195 closely parallel the topographic distribution of reactive gliosis and neuronal loss in selective brain regions of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine-deficient rats. " 05/01/1996 - "Using the pyrithiamine-treated rat, an animal model of WE, we have studied, using radioligands for central (neuronal) and "peripheral-type" (glial) benzodiazepine receptors, the regional distribution of changes in the densities of these receptors in relation to the degree of reactive gliosis accompanying neuronal loss. "
4.	Korsakoff Syndrome (Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome) 01/31/2014 - "In a series of experiments, we first examined whether VEx would restore and retain neurotrophin levels in several cortical regions (frontal cortex [FC], retrosplenial cortex [RSC], occipital cortex [OC]) in an animal model (pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency [PTD]) of the amnestic disorder Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. " 10/09/2008 - "Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) was used to produce a rodent model of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome that results in acute neurological disturbances, thalamic lesions, and learning and memory impairments. " 01/05/2004 - "A rodent model of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS), acute pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD), produces diencephalic damage and impairments of memory similar to what is seen in WKS patients. " 10/01/1999 - "Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD), which has been used as a model of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), produces a range of neuropathological and behavioral abnormalities in rodents. " 03/10/2006 - "Pyrithiamine is an inhibitor of thiamine metabolism that induces neurological symptoms similar to that of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in animals. "
5.	Seizures (Seizure) 03/01/1987 - "Pyrithiamine treatment results, within 3 weeks, in loss of righting reflex, convulsions and more widespread neuropathological damage compared to that observed following thiamine deprivation. " 04/01/1986 - "Administration of the central thiamine antagonist, pyrithiamine, results within 3 weeks in loss of righting reflex and convulsions and in more widespread neuropathological changes than those observed following thiamine deprivation. " 10/01/1980 - "We observed under light and electron microscopes morphological changes in the rat sciatic nerve during the last stages of a thiamine deficient state as induced by pyrithiamine (PT: 50 microgram/100g X 11 days) and thiamine deficient diet (TDD), in which rats experienced severe tetanic convulsions. " 01/01/1998 - "Administration of the central thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine to adult male rats resulted in a sequence of neurological symptoms including ataxia and loss of righting reflex followed by convulsions. " 09/01/1993 - "Treatment of rats with the central thiamine antagonist, pyrithiamine, results in severe neurological symptoms such as ataxia and convulsions. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Thiamine (Aneurin)
2.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
3.	Thiamine Pyrophosphate
4.	Pyruvic Acid (Pyruvate)
5.	Oxythiamine
6.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)
7.	Dizocilpine Maleate (Dizocilpine)
8.	Thiamine Monophosphate
9.	GABA-A Receptors (GABA(A) Receptor)
10.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Communication Aids for Disabled (TDD)