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Pyrimidine Dimers

Subscribe to New Research on Pyrimidine Dimers

Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.

Also Known As:

Cyclobutane-Pyrimidine Dimers; Cytosine-Thymine Dimers; Thymine-Cyclobutane Dimer; Thymine-Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer; Cyclobutane Dimer, Thymine-Thymine; Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers; Cytosine Thymine Dimers; Dimer, Thymine-Cyclobutane; Dimer, Thymine-Thymine Cyclobutane; Dimers, Cyclobutane-Pyrimidine; Dimers, Cytosine-Thymine; Dimers, Pyrimidine; Dimers, Thymine; Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer; Thymine Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer; Thymine Dimers

Networked: 221 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Katiyar, Santosh K: 6 articles (04/2011 - 09/2003)
2.	Halliday, Gary M: 4 articles (07/2013 - 08/2010)
3.	Masutani, Chikahide: 4 articles (06/2010 - 05/2002)
4.	Hanaoka, Fumio: 4 articles (06/2010 - 05/2002)
5.	Brash, Douglas E: 3 articles (02/2015 - 10/2004)
6.	Wakamatsu, Kazumasa: 3 articles (02/2015 - 10/2004)
7.	Mason, Rebecca S: 3 articles (07/2013 - 08/2010)
8.	Lehmann, Alan R: 3 articles (06/2010 - 11/2002)
9.	Rochette, Patrick J: 3 articles (04/2010 - 08/2002)
10.	Iwai, Shigenori: 3 articles (12/2004 - 05/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/15/2005 - "In the human epidermis, protection against cancer is thought to be mediated mainly by nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and by elimination of the damaged cells by apoptosis. " 06/01/2001 - "The first one identifies the major UV-induced damage (pyrimidine dimers) that is responsible for tumor induction. " 11/01/2000 - "Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers form preferentially at the major p53 mutational hotspot in UVB-induced mouse skin tumors." 02/01/2000 - "We compared mutation spectra in ras and p53 genes in 32 eye tumors from Monodelphis exposed to UV alone and in 25 tumors from Monodelphis exposed to UV followed by photoreactivation in order to identify the particular types of mutation suppressed by enhanced repair of pyrimidine dimers. " 02/01/2000 - "Post-UV exposure to photoreactivating light enhances repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and suppresses, but does not abrogate, corneal tumor development. "
2.	Edema 06/01/1997 - "Upon normalizing to the efficacy for edema induction, UVA induced approximately one-fourth the number of pyrimidine dimers per equivalent edematous response when compared to SSUV." 10/01/2000 - "UVAI-induced edema and pyrimidine dimers in murine skin." 10/01/2009 - "Skin edema, histopathology changes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs)-positive cells were assessed to determine the UVB-induced photodamage. " 10/01/2000 - "The induction of edema and pyrimidine dimers in epidermal DNA was determined in the skin of SKH:HR1 mice exposed to graded doses of ultraviolet radiation AI (UVAI; 340-400 nm). "
3.	X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets (X-Linked Hypophosphatemia) 04/01/2012 - "The protective effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) against thymine dimers were abolished in fibroblasts from patients with hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets that expressed no VDR protein, indicating that the VDR is essential for photoprotection. "
4.	Sunburn 07/01/2015 - "Preclinical studies have indicated that TD+R SPF34 prevents the formation of UV-induced sunburn cells and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers while preserving or improving the expression of ECM genes. " 08/01/2014 - "Sunburn cells, Langerhans cells, thymine dimers, protein 53 (p53), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 endpoints were evaluated in biopsies from 12 subjects following four treatments: unprotected exposed to 0, 1 and 3 MED and sunscreen (SPF 55) protected exposed to 55 MED of UV radiation. " 10/01/2013 - "For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR-induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). " 07/01/2012 - "The pretreatment of peeling agents usually enhance UV sensitivity by inducing increased sunburn cell formation, lowering minimum erythematous dose and increasing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. " 07/01/2010 - "After single doses of UVR, no significant differences in epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or sunburn cell (SBC) formation were observed between pigmented and albino groups. "
5.	Skin Neoplasms (Skin Cancer) 01/01/2006 - "These results and biochemical studies of translesion synthesis by mouse Pol eta indicate that Pol eta-dependent bypass of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers suppresses UV light-induced skin cancer in mice. " 11/01/2012 - "Our previous work showed that, in comparison with conventional broadband UVB (BB-UVB), long-term exposure to NB-UVB induces higher frequency of skin cancer in mice, and it suggested that this is mediated through the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). " 01/01/2012 - "We emphasize the major role played by the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in skin cancer mutations relative to that of (6-4) photoproducts and oxidative DNA damage. " 05/01/2011 - "We found that skin fibroblasts from four newly reported XP-E patients with numerous skin cancers and DDB2 mutations had slow repair of 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) and markedly reduced repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). " 04/15/2011 - "UV-induced DNA damage, particularly the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, has been implicated in immunosuppression and initiation of skin cancer. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
2.	Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
3.	phage T4 endonuclease V
4.	Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)
5.	Tea
6.	Ouabain (G Strophanthin)
7.	Indoprofen (Dexindoprofen)
8.	Caffeine (No Doz)
9.	polyphenols
10.	1,2- di- (4- sulfamidophenyl)- 4- butylpyrazolidine- 3,5- dione (DSB)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)