Pyridoxal

The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

Also Known As:

Networked: 372 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 43 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Midttun, Øivind: 16 articles (01/2021 - 08/2011)
2.	Downs, Diana M: 13 articles (01/2022 - 08/2013)
3.	Ueland, Per M: 13 articles (01/2021 - 08/2008)
4.	Selhub, Jacob: 13 articles (07/2019 - 11/2002)
5.	Cellini, Barbara: 11 articles (04/2021 - 11/2006)
6.	Ulvik, Arve: 11 articles (01/2021 - 04/2011)
7.	Whyte, Michael P: 10 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
8.	Montioli, Riccardo: 10 articles (01/2020 - 11/2006)
9.	Clayton, Peter T: 9 articles (01/2019 - 04/2005)
10.	Mills, Philippa B: 8 articles (01/2019 - 04/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 11/01/1993 - "Trials using immunocompromised animals indicated that although some qualitative differences may be detected between the control and experimental animals, tumor growth in these animals is so aggressive that multiple applications or higher concentrations of pyridoxal may be needed to obtain useful data." 01/01/1985 - "If tumors were first established in mice and then treated with pyridoxal for six days, a 39% reduction in tumor growth was observed. " 01/01/1977 - "Pyridoxal HCT enamine decreased the growth of the neoplasm when given for 2 weeks prior to transplantation, but the compound had no effect when given after transplantation. " 11/01/1993 - "Since pyridoxal kills melanoma cells in culture, a pilot study was carried out examining the efficacy of topical application of a pyridoxal cream to inhibit the growth and/or cause regression of (B16C3) xenograft melanoma tumors in an immunocompetent (Hairless Rhino-J3) and an immunocompromised (Crl: nu/nu (CD1)BR) murine animal model. " 01/01/1985 - "In in vivo studies, mice pretreated with pyridoxal for two weeks and then injected with B16 melanoma cells had a 62% reduction in tumor weight compared with controls at the end of a three-week period. "
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 02/02/2018 - "Serum pyridoxal levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than in controls, not only in our cohort, but also in the pooled data set of the meta-analysis of association studies (standardized mean difference -0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.57 to -0.39, p = 9.8 × 10-24). " 01/01/2018 - "Serum pyridoxal levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than in controls, not only in our cohort, but also in the pooled data set of the meta-analysis of association studies (standardized mean difference -0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.57 to -0.39, p = 9.8 × 10-24). " 02/02/2018 - "However, we failed to obtain data supporting a causal relationship between pyridoxal levels and schizophrenia risk using the MR approach." 02/02/2018 - "We found decreased serum pyridoxal levels in patients with schizophrenia in this observational study. " 02/02/2018 - "Furthermore, an MR analysis failed to find a causal relationship between pyridoxal levels and schizophrenia risk (odds ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.65-1.51, p = 0.96). "
3.	Epilepsy (Aura) 01/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to compare plasma pyridoxal 5´-phosphate level in patients with intractable and controlled epilepsy. " 12/01/2020 - "We compared the biochemical characteristics of these patients with those of other epilepsy patients with low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations. " 01/01/2017 - "Plasma Pyridoxal 5´-Phosphate Level in Children with Intractable and Controlled Epilepsy." 10/30/2015 - "Pyridoxal 5ꞌ-phosphate-responsive epilepsy with novel mutations in the PNPO gene: a case report." 12/01/2020 - "We identified seven patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy caused by an ALDH7A1 gene abnormality, two patients with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate homeostasis protein deficiency, and 28 patients with other epilepsies with low cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations. "
4.	Ischemia 06/14/2002 - "We studied potential protective effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal hydrochloride (pyridoxal) on the retinal neurons in a monkey model of transient global ischemia. " 07/01/2007 - "However, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate treatment into ischemic brains decreased GABA transaminase immunoreactivity in the CA1 region after ischemia. " 07/01/2007 - "Treatment with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate into brains (4 microg/5 microl, i.c.v.) at 30 min before transient ischemia protected about 80% of CA1 pyramidal cells 4 days after ischemia and induced elevation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region. " 07/01/2007 - "In the present study, we investigated ischemia-induced changes of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthesizing enzyme and degrading enzyme and neuroprotective effects and roles of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region. " 07/01/2007 - "Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate oxidase and pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase immunoreactivities were changed in neurons up to 2 days after ischemia, while 4 days after ischemia their immunoreactivities were expressed in astrocytes. "
5.	Scrapie 12/24/2019 - "When the 2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase (RidA; EC: 3.5.99.10) is eliminated, 2AA accumulates and inhibits the activity of multiple pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzymes. " 03/10/2020 - "While many of the metabolic differences for a ridA mutant could be explained, changes in some metabolites were not easily modeled, suggesting that additional levels of metabolic complexity remain to be unraveled.IMPORTANCE The accumulation of the reactive enamine intermediate 2-aminoacrylate (2AA) elicits global metabolic stress in many prokaryotes and eukaryotes by simultaneously damaging multiple pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. " 03/10/2020 - "When Salmonella enterica ridA mutants are grown in minimal medium, 2-aminoacrylate (2AA) accumulates, damages several pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, and elicits an observable growth defect. " 12/14/2018 - "In a variety of organisms tested thus far, lack of RidA results in the accumulation of the reactive metabolite 2-aminoacrylate (2AA), an obligate intermediate in the catalytic mechanism of several pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. " 01/01/2018 - "In Salmonella enterica, disruption of RidA allows 2-aminoacrylate to accumulate and to inactivate a variety of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes by generating covalent bonds with the enzyme and/or cofactor. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Pyridoxine (Pyridoxin)
2.	Enzymes
3.	Vitamin B 6
4.	Homocysteine
5.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)
6.	Antioxidants
7.	NAD (NADH)
8.	mecobalamin (methylcobalamin)
9.	5-methyltetrahydrofolate
10.	pentosidine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
3.	Enzyme Replacement Therapy
4.	Transplantation
5.	Lasers (Laser)