Pyrethrins (Pyrethroids)

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1378 relevant articles (124 outcomes, 202 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wondji, Charles S: 59 articles (02/2024 - 03/2002)
2.	Rowland, Mark: 53 articles (02/2024 - 07/2004)
3.	Ranson, Hilary: 36 articles (11/2023 - 10/2003)
4.	Kleinschmidt, Immo: 31 articles (02/2024 - 09/2002)
5.	Irving, Helen: 31 articles (02/2024 - 03/2009)
6.	Corbel, Vincent: 31 articles (11/2018 - 11/2003)
7.	Ngufor, Corine: 30 articles (04/2024 - 01/2014)
8.	Protopopoff, Natacha: 27 articles (02/2024 - 01/2013)
9.	Chandre, Fabrice: 27 articles (01/2021 - 11/2003)
10.	Mosha, Franklin W: 26 articles (02/2024 - 08/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Malaria 01/01/2023 - "PermaNet Dual presents an additional option of this highly effective net class for improved control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes." 10/01/1993 - "Further evaluation of barrier spraying is recommended to determine optimal pyrethroid formulations and applications rates, their impact on non-target fauna and efficacy against malaria transmission." 01/01/2021 - "The study highlights the loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-only nets against mosquitoes exhibiting high insecticide resistance and suggests a switch to new generation bed nets to improve control of malaria vector populations in Yaoundé. " 04/09/2021 - "The high mortality recorded by IG2 against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus provides first field evidence of high efficacy against this primary, anthropophilic, malaria vector." 01/01/2019 - "Efficacy of nets was tested against free-flying malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l., with high pyrethroid resistance involving L1014F kdr and CYP6P3P450 resistance mechanisms. "
2.	Infections 12/22/2015 - "Despite evidence of increasing pyrethroid resistance and the likely overall efficacy of LLIN distributed several years prior to the survey, LLIN continue to provide protection against infection among school-aged children." 08/02/2023 - "The aim of the present study was to assess the intervention effects on parasite-based transmission indices and the spatial distribution of the parasite, and test whether house-level variations in triatomine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi declined postintervention and were influenced by household ethnicity, persistent infestation linked to pyrethroid resistance and other determinants of bug infection. " 04/01/2017 - "Study outcomes included assessment of subclinical malarial infections and use of LLINs among the study cohort in the presence of varied levels of pyrethroid resistance. " 03/25/2024 - "Multiple pyrethroid metabolites were associated with infection symptoms. " 08/02/2023 - "Persistent bug infection postintervention was closely associated with persistent foci generated by pyrethroid resistance. "
3.	Bites and Stings (Sting) 01/01/2019 - "In this area of high pyrethroid resistance intensity (over 1700 fold), both MiraNet and MagNet LNs still conferred appreciable personal protection against mosquito bites despite inducing only slightly greater mortality of pyrethroid resistant Anopheles mosquitoes than untreated nets. " 01/01/1989 - "Other control measures include self-protection against mosquito bites by bednets (especially those impregnated with synthetic pyrethroids), mosquito coils, repellents, window and door screening; other measures to prevent man-mosquito contact, such as careful siting of settlements and zooprophylaxis; anti-larval measures, i.e. " 01/01/2023 - "This study investigated a volatile pyrethroid-based spatial repellent (VPSR) designed to bridge this gap and provide protection from mosquito bites in outdoor spaces. " 01/01/2017 - "Although existing emanator products for delivering volatile pyrethroids protect against outdoor mosquito bites, they are too short-lived to be practical or affordable for routine use in low-income settings. " 01/01/1998 - "pyrethroid impregnated bed nets, repellents) are taken to avoid bites of Anopheline mosquitoes between sunset and sunrise, but appropriate chemoprophylaxis must not be neglected. "
4.	Dengue (Dengue Fever) 06/01/2011 - "Pyrethroid resistance reduces the efficacy of space sprays for dengue control on the island of Martinique (Caribbean)." 05/01/2009 - "Reduced efficacy of pyrethroid space sprays for dengue control in an area of Martinique with pyrethroid resistance." 12/01/2005 - "Efficacy of thermal fog application of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids, against Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue." 03/01/2020 - "In this study, the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti from five selected dengue hotspots in Klang Valley, Malaysia against pyrethroids was determined by employing the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol of adult bioassay. " 10/15/2012 - "Moreover, a time trend study was carried out in Brazil, where additional archived pool samples were analyzed, corresponding to years when pyrethroids were applied for dengue epidemic control. "
5.	Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) 03/01/2003 - "After a baseline study (including a short questionnaire survey, entomologic assessment, and Chagas' disease serology), each household was randomly allocated to either the intervention group, which used pyrethroid-impregnated bed nets, or the control group, which used unimpregnated bed nets. " 12/01/2023 - "For Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the major vector of Chagas disease in the southern part of South America, hotspot areas of pyrethroid-resistance have recently been found in the Chaco Province of Argentina. " 04/24/2023 - "Microencapsulation of a Native Strain of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Bioinsecticide Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans to Vector Control of Chagas Disease in the Argentine Gran Chaco Region." 01/01/2019 - "Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of this response in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans is important since biological control strategies against pyrethroid-resistant insect populations were recently addressed by using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. " 12/01/2018 - "The chemical control of Triatoma infestans, the major Chagas disease vector in southern South America, has been threatened in the last years by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant bug populations. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insecticides
2.	Pyrethrins (Pyrethroids)
3.	Piperonyl Butoxide
4.	cypermethrin (alphamethrin)
5.	decamethrin (deltamethrin)
6.	pyriproxyfen
7.	Permethrin (Ambush)
8.	chlorfenapyr
9.	Organophosphates
10.	Carbamates

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Mosquito Nets
2.	Insecticide-Treated Bednets
3.	Therapeutics
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler)