Pyrethrins

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

Also Known As:

Networked: 246 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hemingway, Janet: 7 articles (01/2015 - 01/2009)
2.	Akogbéto, Martin: 6 articles (01/2015 - 03/2007)
3.	Corbel, Vincent: 6 articles (01/2015 - 03/2007)
4.	Yan, Guiyun: 5 articles (09/2015 - 01/2012)
5.	Chandre, Fabrice: 5 articles (01/2015 - 05/2006)
6.	Akogbeto, Martin: 5 articles (01/2014 - 01/2010)
7.	Kawada, Hitoshi: 5 articles (01/2014 - 01/2009)
8.	Chandre, F: 5 articles (12/2003 - 04/2000)
9.	Darriet, F: 5 articles (12/2003 - 04/2000)
10.	Dabiré, Roch K: 4 articles (08/2015 - 11/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Malaria 01/01/2013 - "There are major concerns over sustaining the efficacy of current malaria vector control interventions given the rapid spread of resistance, particularly to pyrethroids. " 01/01/2012 - "However, under semi-field conditions, in an area where mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids, ICON® Maxx showed high deterrence, induced exophily and provided a significant reduction in blood-feeding rates; features that are likely to have a positive impact in reducing malaria transmission. " 04/01/2000 - "are resistant to pyrethroids and should still be considered as a practical means of personal protection against malaria even in pyrethroid resistance areas with high frequency of kdr resistance genes." 10/01/1995 - "It is concluded that tent-spraying with fast-acting photostable residual pyrethroid insecticide would probably provide effective protection against malaria transmission for the inhabitants of tents in any part of the world where the vector mosquitoes are endophilic and susceptible to pyrethroids." 01/01/2015 - "As pyrethroids have also been used for many years in the Manhiça District, an area in southern Mozambique with perennial malaria transmission, an assessment of their efficacy against the local malaria vectors was conducted. "
2.	Infection 11/01/1991 - "cruzi infection rates in domestic Triatoma infestans was investigated in 1988-1989 in the rural community of Amamá, north-west Argentina, where house spraying with residual pyrethroids was carried out in 1985. " 09/01/2006 - "A representative population sample was tested using biochemical and molecular methods; it was shown that, in Wales, treatments containing pyrethroids are likely to be less effective in controlling head louse infection than those containing organophosphates." 03/01/2010 - "Following an increase in numbers and West Nile virus (WNV) infection rates of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens, the District decided on July 26, 2007, to conduct aerial applications of Evergreen EC 60-6 (60% pyrethrins: 6% piperonyl butoxide) over approximately 215 km2 in the north area of Sacramento County on the nights of July 30, July 31, and August 1, 2007. " 07/01/2007 - "The infection is particularly prevalent in the Northern Hemisphere and primary prevention relies on the use of repellents for cloth impregnation (pyrethroids) or for skin application (DEET). " 01/01/1999 - "Comparison of bednets impregnated with different pyrethroids for their impact on mosquitoes and on re-infection with malaria after clearance of pre-existing infections with chlorproguanil-dapsone."
3.	Bites and Stings (Sting) 01/01/1989 - "Other control measures include self-protection against mosquito bites by bednets (especially those impregnated with synthetic pyrethroids), mosquito coils, repellents, window and door screening; other measures to prevent man-mosquito contact, such as careful siting of settlements and zooprophylaxis; anti-larval measures, i.e. " 08/01/2012 - "Because 100 % bite protection with up to 75 % quicker contact toxicity of pyrethroids were documented, synergistic toxicological and repellent effects of multi-layer polymer-coating LLIRNs may overcome LLIN-triggered selection pressure for development of new kdr- and metabolic pyrethroid resistances while simultaneously increasing protective efficacy also against kdr- and metabolic pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes substantially due to the repellent-induced effects of LLIRNs thus indicating that this approach is a promising new candidate for future bed net, curtain, and window screen impregnation aiming at optimized prevention from mosquito-borne diseases." 01/01/1989 - "For long time protection against malaria infection it is most important to rely on protective measures against mosquito bites: screens, mosquito nets, pyrethroids insecticides, skin repellents and wearing protective clothes. " 12/13/1997 - "Prospective study comparing fipronil with dichlorvos/fenitrothion and methoprene/pyrethrins in control of flea bite hypersensitivity in cats."
4.	Dengue (Dengue Fever) 12/01/2005 - "Efficacy of thermal fog application of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids, against Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue." 10/15/2012 - "Moreover, a time trend study was carried out in Brazil, where additional archived pool samples were analyzed, corresponding to years when pyrethroids were applied for dengue epidemic control. " 03/01/2012 - "This study established the diagnostic lethal concentrations for 6 different pyrethroids available in Thailand for dengue vector control. " 12/01/2015 - "Pyrethroids are used extensively for adult mosquito control, especially during dengue outbreaks. " 01/01/2015 - "In Yucatan State in particular, pyrethroids have been applied in and around dengue case households creating an opportunity for local selection and evolution of resistance. "
5.	Asphyxia (Suffocation) 01/01/2010 - "The high efficacy of the TTO/LO product and the head lice "suffocation" product offers an alternative to the pyrethrins-based product. " 01/01/2010 - "A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a "suffocation" product." 01/01/2010 - "In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of three topical pediculicides: a pediculicide containing melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) and lavender oil (TTO/LO); a head lice "suffocation" product; and a product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB). " 01/01/2010 - "The percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing tea tree oil and lavender oil (41/42; 97.6%) and the head lice "suffocation" product (40/41, 97.6%) was significantly higher compared to the percentage of subjects who were louse-free one day after the last treatment with the product containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (10/40, 25.0%; adj. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insecticides
2.	Permethrin (Ambush)
3.	Phosphoric Acid Esters (Organophosphates)
4.	decamethrin (deltamethrin)
5.	cypermethrin (Fastac)
6.	Mineral Oil (Liquid Paraffin)
7.	dapsone drug combination chloroguanil
8.	flumethrin
9.	fluvalinate (Mavrik)
10.	DDT

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Mosquito Nets
2.	Oral Administration