Purpura

Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is >2-3 cm it is generally called Ecchymoses (ECCHYMOSIS).

Also Known As:

Networked: 2483 relevant articles (87 outcomes, 111 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Nephritis
2.	Thrombocytopenia (Thrombopenia)
3.	Arthralgia (Joint Pain)
4.	Proteinuria
5.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)

Experts

1.	Shin, Jae Il: 15 articles (12/2013 - 01/2008)
2.	Yang, Yao-Hsu: 12 articles (04/2015 - 03/2003)
3.	Chiang, Bor-Luen: 12 articles (04/2015 - 03/2003)
4.	Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A: 10 articles (01/2010 - 05/2002)
5.	Kawasaki, Yukihiko: 9 articles (01/2013 - 08/2004)
6.	Santoso, Sentot: 8 articles (04/2014 - 03/2005)
7.	Lee, Jae Seung: 8 articles (11/2011 - 01/2008)
8.	Garcia-Porrua, Carlos: 8 articles (01/2006 - 05/2002)
9.	Park, Se Jin: 7 articles (12/2013 - 01/2011)
10.	Kawakami, Tamihiro: 7 articles (08/2011 - 12/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Purpura:

1.	Inosine Triphosphate (ITP)IBA 02/01/2014 - "They comprised 30 Indians and 24 African Blacks, median age of 33 years and female to male ratio 5.8:1. A group of eight patients who initially presented with idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) and subsequently developed SLE were analysed separately. " 03/01/2013 - "Immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) was referred to previously as idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura and is usually of autoimmune or viral aetiology. " 01/01/2012 - "The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of immune trombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have been extensively studied, but data on its effect on health-related quality of life in children remain sparse. " 08/01/2010 - "Idiopathic thrombocytic purpura (ITP), a platelet disorder, is one such example. " 06/19/2009 - "Secondly, analysis was performed on patients with idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) with regard to platelet response and detection of preoperative predictors. "
2.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/2001 - "Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura. " 01/01/2013 - "Hence, we suspected post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and started him on intravenous immunoglobulin which brought his platelet count to normal levels. " 06/01/2009 - "Clinical impact of altered immunoglobulin levels in Henoch-Schönlein purpura." 01/01/1997 - "We established an immunoglobulin G1, kappa combinatorial library from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a person undergoing a severe posttransfusion purpura. " 12/15/1996 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin in Henoch-Schönlein purpura."
3.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "Data from randomised trials for any intervention used to improve renal outcomes in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura are very sparse except for short-term prednisone, which has not been shown to be effective." 08/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of early prednisone therapy in preventing renal and treating extrarenal and renal symptoms in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in a placebo-controlled trial. " 08/01/2006 - "Early prednisone therapy in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." 04/02/2004 - "A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in early Henoch Schönlein Purpura [ISRCTN85109383]." 05/01/1995 - "Prednisone should be used only in severe hypergammaglobulinemic purpura. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/01/2014 - "Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children: limited benefit of corticosteroids." 10/01/2010 - "Corticosteroids may improve clinical outcomes during hospitalization for Henoch-Schönlein purpura." 11/01/2007 - "Corticosteroids, given early in the course of illness, seem to produce consistent benefits for several major clinically relevant Henoch-Schönlein purpura outcomes." 07/01/2007 - "Rapid response of Henoch-Schönlein purpura to corticosteroids: correlation between skin and gastric mucosal lesions." 01/01/2004 - "The treatment of Henoch-Schöenlein purpura is still under debate, and no agreement has been reached regarding the role of corticosteroids in the prevention of renal involvement. "
5.	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)IBA 12/01/2007 - "The aim of the present study on the occurrence of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in Dutch children is to give some insight into the epidemiology of HSP in the Netherlands, to record the diagnostic criteria used by Dutch paediatricians and to evaluate the accuracy of the latter using the presence of IgA in the skin when biopsies are available. " 11/01/2004 - "Further studies are needed to clarify whether this patient population has a variant of Henoch-Schönlein purpura or a distinct "IgA enteropathy."" 11/01/2001 - "This study is aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical manifestations and therapeutic outcome in patients with palpable purpura and to assess the relevance of IgA deposits in these patients. " 12/01/1994 - "Ten patients with Henoch-Schöenlein purpura (HSP) were selected for study because their early renal biopsies showed focal and segmental hypercellularity, with IgA present only in deposits at the periphery of the lobules. " 10/01/2014 - "Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), a systemic IgA vascultitis, is uncommon in adults, with an incidence rate of 0.1 to 1.2 per million in adults over 20 years old. "
6.	SteroidsIBA 05/01/2009 - "Further trials to clarify the role of glucocorticosteroids are needed before a definitive role for steroids in the management of Henoch-Schönlein purpura can be established." 01/01/1988 - "Since there is a general lack of data on the positive effect of steroids upon the prevention of nephropathies in S-H purpura, the authors recommend more thorough studies in the initial stage of the disease (before the development of nephropathies)." 08/01/1989 - "An 18-year-old Malay lady was treated with high dose steroids for three and a half years for idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura. " 08/01/1989 - "This acute purpuric reaction with sequential colour changes is different than the more common senile purpura-like lesions induced by intake of steroids. " 09/01/1980 - "Approximately 50% of patients respond to steroids by a significant elevation of platelet count and improvement of purpura. "
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2008 - "Leukocytapheresis for the treatment of refractory Henoch-Schönlein purpura resistant to both prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy." 06/01/2008 - "Leukocytapheresis for the treatment of refractory Henoch-Schönlein purpura resistant to both prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy." 01/01/2008 - "The presumptive diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) was made, and the patient was treated with prednisolone at the dose of 40 mg/day. " 06/01/2005 - "The patient was diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), and the symptoms were attenuated after the administration of prednisolone. " 01/01/1997 - "Severe palpable purpura was also noted in association with HCV; systemic prednisolone resulted in good control."
8.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 07/01/2009 - "To report on the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) therapy in standard treatment-refractory, chronic Henoch-Schönlein purpura, a retrospective chart review of 3 pediatric patients treated with RTX for severe refractory chronic Henoch-Schönlein purpura was performed. " 04/01/2009 - "The efficacy of rituximab in patients with splenectomized refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocythopenic purpura." 01/01/2014 - "Successful outcome of a corticodependent henoch-schönlein purpura adult with rituximab." 03/01/2010 - "Guillain-Barré syndrome after rituximab in a patient with idiopathic thombocytopenic purpura: a causal association?" 07/01/2009 - "Rituximab therapy for severe refractory chronic Henoch-Schönlein purpura."
9.	TransaminasesIBA 03/01/1993 - "On the whole, a statistically significant improvement of purpura (p < 0.001), serum transaminases (p < 0.001), and cryocrit (p < 0.01) was observed after alpha-IFN treatment. " 03/01/1993 - "Six patients dropped out (three because of side effects), whereas another 20 patients experienced a significant improvement of purpura (P < .02) and serum transaminases (P < .005) during IFN-alpha treatment. " 11/01/1995 - "In both patients an improvement in the clinical manifestations (purpura and peripheral neuropathy), laboratory results (serum transaminases and cryocrit), and liver histology was seen, as well as the disappearance of bone marrow B-cell lymphoproliferation. " 05/01/2006 - "The positive tourniquet test and petechiae were present in 70%, and thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevation of seric transaminases were found in 100% of the cases. " 01/01/2015 - "Patients with nausea/vomiting, petechiae or duration of fever > 7 days more frequently had abnormal transaminases. "
10.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)IBA 08/01/2008 - "The pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) remains unknown; however, it is generally considered to be an immune complex-mediated disease. " 10/01/1998 - "The pathogenesis of Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) is unknown but is believed to result from an immune complex reaction to various antigenic stimuli, such as infectious agents. " 06/01/1984 - "The unusual manifestations of Waldenstrom's purpura compared to other immune complex disorders is discussed." 01/01/1983 - "Circulating immune complexes were detected in the sera of 7 patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström by the following methods: KgB-SP, mRF-LIA, Cc test, ClqBA. " 01/01/1983 - "Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström: characterization of circulating immune complexes."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 12/01/2007 - "In this study, we used pressure applied by a glass window on the Q-switched laser handpiece to remove cutaneous blood during laser exposure, making it possible to reduce purpura and dyspigmentation." 01/01/2015 - "Post-laser purpura subsided within around 10 days. " 11/01/2013 - "Treatment of purpura with lasers and light sources." 12/01/2008 - "Case report of a child with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and complications of LASER treatment." 03/01/2008 - "Avoidance of purpura with the compression handpiece was dependent on obtaining proper compression before laser emission. "
2.	Tonsillectomy 12/01/2008 - "In eight patients, we performed tonsillectomy-adenotonsillectomy to treat their clinical symptoms, including aggravated purpura and recurrent attacks of HSP or HSPN. " 07/01/1965 - "[Tonsillectomy and hemorrhagic purpura of focal origin]." 04/01/1956 - "[Chronic recurrent purpura due to tonsillar foci in a splenectomized woman; recovery after tonsillectomy]." 02/01/2011 - "Clinical remission of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis after a monotherapeutic tonsillectomy." 12/01/2008 - "In a previous study, we demonstrated the benefit of tonsillectomy for early recovery from Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis (HSPN), suggesting the pathological role of tonsils in HSP (Inoue et al., Clin Nephrol 67:298-305, 2007). "
3.	Plasma Exchange 03/01/2015 - "The aim of this report is to evaluate the plasma exchange as a choice for the management of life-threating gastrointestinal system (GIS) involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) when refractory to conventional therapies. " 03/01/2015 - "Plasma exchange therapy for severe gastrointestinal involvement of Henoch Schönlein purpura in children." 02/01/2014 - "Characterization of the complications associated with plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura and related thrombotic microangiopathic anaemias: a single institution experience." 05/01/2012 - "Addition of plasma exchange to glucocorticosteroids for the treatment of severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura in adults: a case series." 07/01/1998 - "Scleromyxoedema and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura: two rare conditions both responding to plasma exchange."
4.	Plasmapheresis 01/01/2009 - "Life-threatening or organ-impairing Henoch-Schönlein purpura: plasmapheresis may save lives and limit organ damage." 11/01/2008 - "Successful treatment of gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura with plasmapheresis." 01/01/2007 - "Plasmapheresis therapy in an elderly patient with rapidly progressive Henoch-Schönlein purpura with disseminated organ involvement." 11/01/1991 - "It is shown that plasmapheresis (PA) as an adjuvant modality in combined treatment of idiopathic purpura resistant to glucocorticosteroids helps to partially overcome resistance and induces a positive trend in the clinical and hematological indices. " 10/01/1987 - "A 22-year-old white woman with Henoch-Schönlein purpura was treated with frequent plasmapheresis for increased severity of the disease activity during pregnancy. "
5.	Dye Lasers 11/01/2009 - "Purpura-free treatment of lentigines using a long-pulsed 595 nm pulsed dye laser with compression handpiece: a randomized, controlled study." 08/01/2015 - "This was a retrospective study of patients treated with a 585nm pulsed dye laser with fluences ranging from 3.5 to 7.5J/cm(2) (purpura threshold fluences), a pulse duration of 450μsec, and a spot size of 5 or 10mm. " 12/01/2010 - "The 595-nm pulsed dye laser has been used for the treatment of benign epidermal pigmented lesions (EPLs), but there is a risk of inducing undesirable purpura with treatment. " 03/01/2008 - "In traditional pulsed dye lasers (PDLs), power limitations and pulse characteristics have compromised purpura-free procedures. " 03/01/2008 - "A pulsed dye laser with a 10-mm beam diameter and a pigmented lesion window for purpura-free photorejuvenation."