Pulmonary Edema

Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5231 relevant articles (244 outcomes, 329 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Acute Lung Injury
2.	Lung Injury
3.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure)
4.	Anoxia (Hypoxia)
5.	Edema

Experts

1.	Matthay, Michael A: 50 articles (08/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Ware, Lorraine B: 26 articles (12/2015 - 03/2002)
3.	Enkhbaatar, Perenlei: 13 articles (12/2012 - 08/2003)
4.	Traber, Daniel L: 13 articles (12/2012 - 07/2003)
5.	Mairbäurl, Heimo: 12 articles (12/2015 - 10/2002)
6.	Bärtsch, Peter: 12 articles (12/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Matthay, M A: 12 articles (10/2014 - 06/2000)
8.	Traber, Lillian D: 12 articles (12/2012 - 07/2003)
9.	Eltzschig, Holger K: 9 articles (08/2015 - 06/2006)
10.	Maggiorini, Marco: 9 articles (02/2015 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pulmonary Edema:

1.	OxygenIBA 10/01/2008 - "Although in acute pulmonary edema NIV is more effective in improving respiratory distress than conventional oxygen therapy and reduces the necessity of intubation, the subset of patients who can best benefit from these techniques in terms of mortality still warrant further investigation." 07/10/2008 - "In patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noninvasive ventilation induces a more rapid improvement in respiratory distress and metabolic disturbance than does standard oxygen therapy but has no effect on short-term mortality. " 08/01/1991 - "From 1985 to 1987 80 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were randomly chosen to receive either serial CPAP therapy or high-flow face mask oxygen therapy without CPAP (control) for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of CPAP therapy. " 10/01/1975 - "It would appear that CPPV, while beneficial in improving arterial oxygen tension in pulmonary edema, does not prevent extravasation of liquid in lungs perfused at constant blood flow. " 11/01/2012 - "In this group of patients, PAH therapies improved hemodynamics without oxygen worsening or pulmonary edema. "
2.	Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)IBA 03/01/2002 - "Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung were measured at 4 h after LPS instillation, and at 24 h for lung wet weight measurement and histological study. " 12/01/1999 - "During this study the following were measured: hemodynamics and aerodynamics, blood gas, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid neutrophil percentage and protein concentration, lung wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the lung tissue, alveolar neutrophil infiltration, and degree of injury. " 01/05/2016 - "Pretreatment with Tr at the dose of 50, 100 mg/kg markedly ameliorated lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pulmonary histopathological conditions. " 11/01/2015 - "TB decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. " 08/01/2015 - "ESC pretreatment decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity. "
3.	Furosemide (Lasix)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Treatment with furosemide and corticosteroid relieved his symptoms of pulmonary edema. " 06/01/1999 - "The patient's initial postoperative course was complicated by acute pulmonary edema, which responded well to intravenous Furosemide and ventilation. " 11/01/1983 - "This direct effect of furosemide on the pulmonary vasculature could explain the improved gas exchange seen before a decrease in pulmonary edema, since this pulmonary vasoactivity would result in preferential perfusion of nonflooded alveolar units." 11/01/2009 - "Suspecting pulmonary edema, furosemide (1 mg kg(-1)) was administered IV. Radiographs taken immediately post-operatively revealed a severe, caudodorsal airspace (alveolar) pattern, confirming the diagnosis. " 01/01/2009 - "Optimizing responses to intravenous furosemide (ivF) in acute pulmonary edema is limited by current insensitive noninvasive means of volume assessment. "
4.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 07/01/2007 - "Previous studies have shown a role for the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in stretch-induced alveolar neutrophil recruitment, but the involvement of TNF in stretch-induced pulmonary edema is unclear. " 09/15/2014 - "Paradoxical use of tumor necrosis factor in treating pulmonary edema." 01/01/2010 - "The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis and development of pulmonary edema. " 03/31/2009 - "During the development of pulmonary edema, the increases in the number of neutrophils and the levels of TNF-alpha in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were seen. " 01/01/2008 - "The MPO and TNF-alpha levels in the serum and BALF were decreased (p < 0.01), pulmonary edema was reduced (p < 0.01). "
5.	CytokinesIBA 02/01/2013 - "The result indicated that PolyPHb greatly improved the MAP and pulmonary function, and significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines, histopathological changes, and pulmonary edema. " 06/01/2001 - "The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between the cytokines and the inflammatory response in reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE). " 01/01/2016 - "aeruginosa in homogenates; count of total number of nucleated cells and of mononuclear macrophages; protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); lung wet-to-dry weight ratio; cytokines in BALF and blood; and lung morphology. " 10/01/2015 - "The results showed that pretreatment with Dex considerably reduced neutrophil infiltration and pulmonary edema, and significantly reduced protein concentrations in the BALF, as well as suppressed LPS-induced elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum. " 01/01/2015 - "BLM caused leukocyte infiltration, pulmonary edema and increase in cytokines, and imposed significant oxidative stress (MDA as a marker) in lungs. "
6.	Oleic Acid (Oleate)IBA 03/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) on gas exchanges and circulatory systems in 56 mongrel dogs with oleic acid induced pulmonary edema. " 09/01/1992 - "In the present study we evaluated the effect of oleic acid induced pulmonary edema on the electrical activity of the inspiratory muscles (costal and crural diaphragm and parasternal and external intercostal muscles) in the dog, and related it to the transdiaphragmatic pressure and ventilatory parameters over the course of CO2 rebreathing. " 02/01/1992 - "Studies in dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid." 01/01/1989 - "In 10 study animals the LLL was ventilated with an FIO2 = 0.05 for 4 h after induction of bilateral permeability pulmonary edema with 0.05 ml/kg of intravenous oleic acid. " 06/01/1986 - "The present study was designed to compare high pressure pulmonary edema (HPPE) and oleic acid-induced low pressure pulmonary edema (OAPE) in dogs when similar amounts of extra vascular water were present in the lung. "
7.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 12/01/1978 - "Pulmonary edema may have occurred at least partly from a marked decrease in serum colloid osmotic pressure." 03/15/1985 - "Although no clinical evidence of cardiopulmonary compromise was observed in this set of normal gravid women, these data may be useful in the management of the parturient patient with established risk factors for pulmonary edema where alterations in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure-colloid osmotic pressure gradient have been shown to correlate with the development of this complication." 01/01/1982 - "In addition, COP measurement helped to avoid expensive albumin administrations, and indicated colloid overload in cases of pulmonary edema." 05/01/1985 - "To assess the concurrent influence on extravascular lung water (EVLW) content of the intravascular Starling forces, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and the colloid osmotic pressure (COP), we measured EVLW by the thermal green dye technique in 174 patients with and without radiographically defined pulmonary edema; in the former group, patients with cardiac (CPE) and noncardiac (NCPE) causes of pulmonary edema were compared (study A). " 07/01/2014 - "The development of pulmonary edema was also associated with the administration of excess colloid or crystaloid infusion. "
8.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 02/15/2013 - "In minimal VILI (1 h at 40 cmH(2)O PIP), lung total extravascular albumin space increased 2.8-fold even though neither lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratios nor bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 or IL-6 failed to differ from nonventilated or low PIP controls. " 12/01/2004 - "In intact wild-type and TNF dual-receptor null mice with ventilation at 45 cmH(2)O PIP, the MIP-2 and IL-6 levels in BAL were significantly increased after 2 h in both groups, but there were no differences between groups in the BAL albumin and cytokine concentrations or in lung wet-to-dry weight ratios. " 09/01/2014 - "The result showed that pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, MPO activity, total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL-10 in BALF were attenuated by NAC. " 11/01/2011 - "HVT ventilation increased the concentrations of protein and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, contributing to reduced respiratory compliance and impaired arterial oxygenation, and caused death from lung injury and pulmonary edema. " 06/01/2002 - "Conversely, pigs treated with IPC before the onset of the ischemic period had significantly reduced interleukin-6 levels, circulating phagocytic cell priming, and experienced significantly less pulmonary edema, leukosequestration, and respiratory failure. "
9.	SodiumIBA 05/23/2002 - "These findings support the concept that sodium-driven clearance of alveolar fluid may have a pathogenic role in pulmonary edema in humans and therefore represent an appropriate target for therapy." 09/01/1997 - "In the respiratory system, sodium transport is involved in the clearance of pulmonary edema and of liquid secreted during fetal life at birth. " 12/01/1996 - "The results of this study suggest that active sodium transport could participate in the resolution of pulmonary edema." 12/01/1996 - "Previous studies have suggested that recovery from pulmonary edema may be dependent on active sodium ion transport. " 05/27/2011 - "In lung alveolar epithelial cells increases in active sodium transport in response to β-adrenergic stimulation increases pulmonary edema clearance. "
10.	Malondialdehyde (Propanedial)IBA 04/01/1988 - "Protection against O2 toxicity was assessed in terms of lethality and pulmonary edema and of lung lipid peroxidation (assessed by measuring malondialdehyde). " 04/01/1988 - "In this strain, BNF reduced both pulmonary edema (as measured by wet and dry lung weights or as assessed by histological studies) and lung peroxidation (as measured by malondialdehyde). " 07/01/2010 - "Twenty-four hours later, the left lungs were excised for wet lung weight measurement, histological examinations and tissue malondialdehyde determination. " 02/01/2002 - "Lung wet to dry (W/D) weight ratios and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. " 01/01/2001 - "After 3 day or 7 day exposure, the lung wet weight/dry weight ratio (W/D), total protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung pathology were examined in all groups. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 08/01/2000 - "We report a case of reexpansion pulmonary edema after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery treated successfully with continuous positive airway pressure." 06/01/2011 - "The Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device effectively treats acute pulmonary edema, but data on airway pressure with the Boussignac CPAP system are sparse. " 11/01/2010 - "Both non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and non-invasive pressure support ventilation (nPSV) have been shown to be effective treatment for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE). " 04/01/2009 - "Non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective in reducing intubation rate and mortality of patient with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE). " 05/01/2004 - "Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure promotes early clinical improvement in elderly patients attending emergency departments for a severe pulmonary edema, but only reduces early 48-h mortality."
2.	Positive-Pressure Respiration (PEEP) 02/01/1982 - "A moderate PEEP level (up to 10 cm H2O) seems beneficial in post-AMI pulmonary edema and has no significant hemodynamic side effects. " 03/01/2001 - "Noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation was effective in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, accelerated the recovery of vital signs and blood gas data, and avoided intubation." 11/01/2011 - "She received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for a few hours, after which her clinical and radiologic signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema were greatly improved. " 04/01/1990 - "We have previously shown improved cardiac output (QT) with external continuous negative-pressure ventilation (CNPV) compared with continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) in dogs with low pressure pulmonary edema (1). " 05/01/1989 - "136: 886-891, 1987) improved cardiac output in dogs with pulmonary edema ventilated with external continuous negative chest pressure ventilation (CNPV) using negative end-expiratory pressure (NEEP), compared with continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) using equivalent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). "
3.	Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation) 07/01/2003 - "The approach is highly effective in the mechanical ventilation and inotope/vasopressor support of patients with a high risk of non-cardiogenic or cardiogenic pulmonary edema. " 08/01/2005 - "The pulmonary edema improved in 12 hours with mechanical ventilation." 12/01/2013 - "In the subsequent phase I study, the MTD and schedule of administration of the combination was identified as DAC followed by MS. Three patients developed dose-limiting toxicities: two patients developed pulmonary edema requiring mechanical ventilation and one patient developed a prolonged QTc greater than 500 msec. " 06/01/2006 - "[Clinical study of mechanical ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema patients]." 09/01/2005 - "Experimental studies have shown that mechanical ventilation using high tidal volumes (V(T)) damages the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. "
4.	Resuscitation 01/01/1984 - "Resuscitation with crystalloidal fluid, however, requires significantly greater volumes and is associated with the development of pulmonary edema." 12/01/2009 - "This study demonstrated that resuscitation with HTS and especially with HES could reduce lung tissue damage and pulmonary edema after severe uncontrolled HS. " 03/01/2009 - "This study was designed to determine the effects of various resuscitation fluids on pulmonary capillary leakage and pulmonary edema after HS and fluid resuscitation (HS/R) and to determine whether an antiinflammatory or antioxidative mechanism was involved. " 01/01/2015 - "Treatment of the acute phase is supportive, focusing on adequate but not overzealous fluid resuscitation, because pulmonary edema usually occurs in the recruitment phase. " 01/01/2015 - "With resuscitation, acid-base status deteriorated in 25 of 47 patients (53.1%), extravascular lung water increased in 36 of 47 resuscitated patients (77%); 21 of these patients developed pulmonary edema though guided by transpulmonary thermodilution, 30 (63.8%) patients survived. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 05/01/2014 - "Thus, intravenous allogeneic hMSCs are effective in restoring the capacity of the alveolar epithelium to remove alveolar fluid at a normal rate, suggesting that this therapy may be effective in enhancing the resolution of pulmonary edema in human lungs deemed clinically unsuitable for transplantation." 09/01/2008 - "In this study we describe 3 single lung transplant recipients who developed unilateral pulmonary edema in the setting of cardiac and renal dysfunction. " 07/01/2000 - "The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of radiological pulmonary edema in elective liver transplant recipients and its relationship to perioperative factors and postoperative course. " 09/01/2013 - "We hypothesize that cardiac ventricle remodeling and a geometric change in mitral valve apparatus after transplantation led to the hemodynamic changes and recurrent pulmonary edema seen in our patient. " 03/01/2013 - "This report describes two infants with recurrent pulmonary edema after umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT). "