Transglutaminases

Transglutaminases catalyze cross-linking of proteins at a GLUTAMINE in one chain with LYSINE in another chain. They include keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1 or TGK), tissue transglutaminase (TGM2 or TGC), plasma transglutaminase involved with coagulation (FACTOR XIII and FACTOR XIIIa), hair follicle transglutaminase, and prostate transglutaminase. Although structures differ, they share an active site (YGQCW) and strict CALCIUM dependence.

Also Known As:

Networked: 76 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	VanBavel, Ed: 3 articles (07/2009 - 01/2008)
2.	Bakker, Erik N T P: 3 articles (07/2009 - 01/2008)
3.	Furumura, Minao: 2 articles (06/2014 - 12/2012)
4.	Ohata, Chika: 2 articles (06/2014 - 12/2012)
5.	Tsuruta, Daisuke: 2 articles (06/2014 - 12/2012)
6.	Hashimoto, Takashi: 2 articles (06/2014 - 12/2012)
7.	Ishii, Norito: 2 articles (06/2014 - 12/2012)
8.	Aufenvenne, Karin: 2 articles (02/2012 - 09/2004)
9.	Traupe, Heiko: 2 articles (02/2012 - 09/2004)
10.	Gentile, Vittorio: 2 articles (01/2011 - 11/2010)

Related Diseases

1.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease) 02/01/2012 - "In the brain, elevated expression levels and activity of transglutaminases are known to be linked with several neurodegenerative diseases. " 11/01/2010 - "Transglutaminases as possible therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases." 10/01/2008 - "In this review we discuss the biochemistry of the transglutaminases, with particular reference to the molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the physiopathological processes responsible for these human neurodegenerative diseases." 01/01/2005 - "Transglutaminases in neurodegenerative disorders." 12/01/2004 - "These findings agree with a postulated role for transglutaminases in molecular mechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases. "
2.	Celiac Disease (Celiac Sprue) 12/01/2005 - "Transglutaminases: a meeting point for wheat allergy, celiac disease, and food safety." 02/01/2006 - "A meta-analysis of studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antibodies against tissue transglutaminases (tTG) of various origins in celiac disease (CD) diagnosis was carried out. " 06/01/2003 - "Although specific roles for transglutaminases have been described, recent findings have provided evidence that dysregulation of transglutaminases may contribute to many pathological processes including celiac disease and neurodegenerative diseases. " 12/01/2005 - "celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis have anti-endomysial antibodies recognizing transglutaminases, which are usually detected on appropriate tissue sections. " 11/05/2004 - "Deamidation and cross-linking of gliadin peptides by transglutaminases and the relation to celiac disease."
3.	Huntington Disease (Huntington's Disease) 09/01/2010 - "Déjà vu with a twist: transglutaminases in bioenergetics and transcriptional dysfunction in Huntington's disease." 04/01/2006 - "Cystamine, an inhibitor of transglutaminases, slows progression of Huntington's disease in the murine model by approximately 20%. " 09/01/2000 - "In future studies, it will be important to determine whether transglutaminases play a role in (1) cross-linking of histone H1 to glutaminyl donors (including polyglutamine domains) in nuclear chromatin, (2) the formation of nuclear aggregates in (CAG)(n)/polyglutamine expansion diseases, (3) DNA laddering and cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and (4) depletion of neuropeptides in vulnerable regions of Huntington's disease brain."
4.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease) 11/01/1995 - "This study examined the value of serum transglutaminase assay in the treatment and follow up of Crohn's disease and then investigated the intestinal location of both forms of transglutaminases by immunohistochemistry in normal and abnormal tissues. " 11/01/1995 - "In conclusion, these data confirm the value of serum transglutaminase assay as marker of Crohn's disease activity, extend the utility of serum transglutaminase assay to follow up of the disease, and emphasised the role of different types of transglutaminases in extracellular matrix assembly in the damaged tissues." 11/01/1995 - "Transglutaminases in Crohn's disease."
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 06/01/2014 - "We investigated protein expression and in situ activity of transglutaminases (TGs) in normal skin and various epidermal neoplasms. " 06/01/2014 - "Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors." 01/01/2013 - "Several lines of evidence involve transglutaminases (TGs) in the key stages of tumor progression cascade, even though the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. " 11/01/2003 - "Implicated in several physiologic processes, including tumour-host, some transglutaminases (TGase) have been noted to play a regulatory role in the extracellular matrix in cell adhesion and migration of cancer cells. " 01/01/1993 - "Here we studied the expression of transglutaminases in different Dunning tumor lines--mainly in the highly differentiated H subline--and characterized the enzyme both biochemically and immunocytochemically. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antibodies
2.	Neuropeptides
3.	Histones (Histone)
4.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
5.	Chromatin
6.	polyglutamine
7.	Enzymes
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
9.	Calcium
10.	Autoantibodies

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)