Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione)

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a protein-disulfide in the presence of glutathione, forming a protein-dithiol. Insulin is one of its substrates. EC 1.8.4.2.

Also Known As:

Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase; Thiol-Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductase; Disulfide Oxidoreductase, Thiol-Protein; Insulin Transhydrogenase, Glutathione; Oxidoreductase, Thiol-Disulfide; Oxidoreductase, Thiol-Protein Disulfide; Thiol Disulfide Oxidoreductase; Thiol Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductase; Transhydrogenase, Glutathione Insulin; Glutathione Insulin Transhydrogenase; Glutathione Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductase; Glutathione:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase

Networked: 10 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes: 1
- Enzymes: 152586
  - Oxidoreductases: 13671
    - Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors: 5
      - Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione): 10
        Bacillus subtilis BdbC protein
        Bacillus subtilis BdbD protein
        E coli Ccmg protein
        human TMX4 protein
        human TXNDC12 protein
        mouse Txnl2 protein
        zebrafish txndc12 protein

Experts

1.	Distler, Anne M: 1 article (03/2010)
2.	Mieyal, John J: 1 article (03/2010)
3.	Sabens, Elizabeth A: 1 article (03/2010)
4.	Azumi, H: 1 article (09/2001)
5.	Hayashi, Y: 1 article (09/2001)
6.	Hirata Ki,: 1 article (09/2001)
7.	Inoue, N: 1 article (09/2001)
8.	Itoh, H: 1 article (09/2001)
9.	Kawashima, S: 1 article (09/2001)
10.	Okuda, M: 1 article (09/2001)

Related Diseases

1.	Atherosclerotic Plaque (Atheroma) 09/01/2001 - "Recent study has shown that thioredoxin, a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques of human carotid arteries. "
2.	Insulinoma 01/01/1983 - "Thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase and peptidase activities in insulinoma tissue." 10/08/1974 - "Insulin degradation in insulinoma: evidence for the occurrence of an inactive form of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase and for the absence of insulin A and B chains degrading protease(s)."
3.	Disease Progression 01/01/2023 - "IMCY-0098 is a peptide derived from human proinsulin that contains a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase motif at the N-terminus and was developed to halt disease progression by promoting the specific elimination of pathogenic T cells. "
4.	Obesity 12/21/1976 - "The ob/ob mouse, which is a genetic mutant characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinism and resistance to the hypoglycemic action of insulin, contains hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity (per mg microsomal protein) markedly higher (40--60%) than its lean litter mates. "
5.	Insulin Resistance 04/01/1977 - "Cholesterol feeding did not affect fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin release, pancreatic insulin content, in vivo insulin sensitivity, or in vitro glucose utilization in diaphragm and adipose tissue, but it significantly elevated the activity of liver glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Thioredoxins
2.	Insulin (Novolin)
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
4.	Glutaredoxins
5.	O Antigens (O Antigen)
6.	Proinsulin
7.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
8.	Peptide Hydrolases (Proteases)
9.	Ligases (Synthetase)
10.	Levodopa (L Dopa)