Propidium (Propidium Iodide)

Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.

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Networked: 1051 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Nishizaki, Tomoyuki: 6 articles (09/2015 - 07/2006)
2.	Galiñanes, Manuel: 6 articles (12/2011 - 07/2006)
3.	Kanno, Takeshi: 5 articles (09/2015 - 01/2012)
4.	Tsuchiya, Ayako: 4 articles (09/2015 - 01/2015)
5.	Kaku, Yoshiko: 4 articles (09/2015 - 01/2015)
6.	Yang, Ya-Wun: 3 articles (08/2015 - 02/2004)
7.	Wang, Wei Z: 3 articles (10/2014 - 01/2013)
8.	Fang, Xin-Hua: 3 articles (10/2014 - 01/2013)
9.	Zamboni, William A: 3 articles (10/2014 - 01/2013)
10.	Baynosa, Richard C: 3 articles (10/2014 - 01/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Necrosis 03/01/1998 - "The increase in apoptosis was significantly greater than the contemporary (< 15%) increase in necrosis detected using propidium iodide permeability and was greater than AA effects on normal brain tissue. " 09/17/2014 - "This study on skin HaCaT keratinocytes demonstrates that PLTX induces necrosis since propidium iodide uptake was observed already after 1 h toxin exposure, an effect that was not lowered by toxin removal. " 01/01/2016 - "Apoptosis and necrosis were assessed by annexin-propidium iodide staining. " 11/01/2014 - "Flow cytometry analysis and the annexinV-propidium iodide (PI) assay revealed apoptosismediated, and to a lesser extent necrosis-induced, cell death by the S. " 01/01/2014 - "Necrosis cells was monitored by propidium iodide. "
2.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 07/21/2013 - "Asynchronous, S- and G0-synchronized B16 mouse melanoma cells were studied by running parallel experiments based on MD-IRMS and FC using Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. " 11/01/2007 - "Therefore, we investigated the changes in cell cycle distribution of B16F10 melanoma cells by staining DNAs with propidium iodide (PI). " 04/12/1999 - "According to cytofluorimetric analysis, propidium iodide staining and TUNEL assay, HPR-treated melanoma cells were shown to undergo apoptosis. " 01/01/2014 - "In vitro effects of SINE on cell growth and apoptosis were measured by MTS assay and flow cytometry [Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI)], respectively in human metastatic melanoma cell lines. " 09/01/1988 - "This report describes a method by which mitotic cells were isolated from nonsynchronized Cloudman melanoma cells that had been pulse labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and double-stained with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody to BrdUrd and with propidium iodide (PI). "
3.	Aneuploidy (Aneuploid) 08/01/1989 - "Nuclei obtained by mechanical disaggregation of frozen tissue were stained with propidium iodide and analysed in a FACS IV. Aneuploidy was detected in 73% of cases. " 07/01/2004 - "Reduction in promotion (6-10 weeks) was identified by depressed proliferation (cell cycle, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (BrdU)) and aneuploidy (propidium iodide stain). " 06/01/1990 - "In two cases, the propidium iodide fluorescence histograms showed small (5 and 3% of the analyzed nuclei) but significant aneuploid subpopulations with DNA indices of approximately 1.5. " 05/01/1989 - "In 41 of the 46 adequate samples (89%), an aneuploid peak in the alcohol preserved (propidium iodide stained) specimen correlated well with the fresh (acridine orange stained) specimen. " 08/15/1989 - "Tumor cell-associated expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) was quantitated in 22 patients with DNA-aneuploid myeloma using 2-parameter flow cytometry with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) C-219 for the detection of cytoplasmic p-170 and propidium iodide for nuclear DNA content. "
4.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 11/01/2011 - "Hoechst-propidium iodide (PI) staining results showed that hypoxia and irradiation increased the number of dead cells in the U87MG-E7 cells compared to U87MG and U87MG-LXSN cells. " 04/15/2011 - "Phase contrast microscopy and propidium iodide staining revealed that cardiac fibroblasts are more resistant than pulmonary fibroblasts to hypoxia. " 03/01/2005 - "Death of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons in rat hippocampal slice cultures was assessed by propidium iodide fluorescence 48-72 h after 60-75 min of hypoxia. " 12/01/2004 - "We report evidence of a progressive and exponential increase in [Ca(2+)]i (from 245 +/- 10 to 975 +/- 100 nM at 45 mins), cell permeabilization and propidium iodide (PI) staining of the nucleus, and partial loss of cell transport functions such as Na(+)-gradient-dependent uptakes of (14)C-alpha-methylglucopyranoside and inorganic phosphate ((32)Pi) in proximal convoluted tubules of adult rabbits subjected to hypoxia. " 07/01/2003 - "Cultures were then exposed to 3 h hypoxia and neuronal damage assessed 24 h later using propidium iodide fluorescence as a marker of cell damage. "
5.	Cysts 03/23/2012 - "A fluorogenic dye staining using 4',6'-di-amino-2-phenylindole and propidium iodide showed a decreased viability from 45 days onwards, and after 90 days incubation, only 3% of the cysts were viable. " 04/01/2010 - "Thus, propidium iodide is not a reliable indicator of viability and infectivity of cysts that have been treated with gamma radiation." 04/01/2010 - "The ability of staining with propidium iodide to predict infectivity of cysts was tested. " 07/01/2008 - "Dead cysts were stained with 5.0 microg/ml of propidium iodide (PI, Sigma), with and without the specific fluorescent antibody. " 07/01/1997 - "The inclusion of the vital dye propidium iodide (PI) by oocysts and cysts has been previously shown to correlate well with nonviability. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
2.	Annexin A5
3.	Acridine Orange
4.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)
5.	L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (Lactate Dehydrogenase)
6.	Bisbenzimidazole (Hoechst 33258)
7.	Suspensions
8.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
9.	Coloring Agents (Dyes)
10.	Staurosporine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
2.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Electrodes (Electrode)
5.	Lasers (Laser)