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Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase (Prolyl Hydroxylase)

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A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a prolyl-glycyl-containing-peptide, usually in PROTOCOLLAGEN, to a hydroxyprolylglycyl-containing-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular OXYGEN with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to SUCCINATE. The enzyme occurs as a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. The beta subunit of procollagen-proline dioxygenase is identical to the enzyme PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASES.

Also Known As:

Prolyl Hydroxylase; Peptidyl Prolyl Hydroxylase; Procollagen Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase; Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase; 4-Dioxygenase, Proline,2-Oxoglutarate; 4-Hydroxylase, Procollagen Prolyl; 4-Hydroxylase, Prolyl; Dioxygenase, Procollagen-Proline; Hydroxylase, Peptidyl Prolyl; Hydroxylase, Proline; Hydroxylase, Prolyl; Hydroxylase, Protocollagen Prolyl; Procollagen Proline Dioxygenase; Procollagen Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase; Proline,2 Oxoglutarate 4 Dioxygenase; Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase; Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase, Procollagen; Prolyl Hydroxylase, Peptidyl; Prolyl Hydroxylase, Protocollagen; Proline Hydroxylase; Proline,2-Oxoglutarate 4-Dioxygenase; Protocollagen Prolyl Hydroxylase; Procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase

Networked: 624 relevant articles (14 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Enzymes: 34502
  - Oxidoreductases: 9264
    - Oxygenases: 89
      - Mixed Function Oxygenases: 449
        Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase: 624
        2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase proline: 10
        Brugia malayi Phy-1 protein
        Drosophila Hif prolyl hydroxylase
        human EGLN1 protein
        human P4HA1 protein
        human P4HA3 protein
        human P4HB protein
        mouse Egln1 protein
        mouse P4hb protein
        mouse PHD1 protein
        mouse PHD3 protein
        rat P4hb protein
        rat PHD2 protein

Experts

1.	Schofield, Christopher J: 15 articles (04/2015 - 09/2005)
2.	Fong, Guo-Hua: 14 articles (08/2015 - 11/2006)
3.	Takeda, Kotaro: 13 articles (01/2015 - 11/2006)
4.	Carmeliet, Peter: 11 articles (08/2015 - 05/2008)
5.	Ratcliffe, Peter J: 10 articles (03/2015 - 01/2004)
6.	Lee, Frank S: 10 articles (05/2014 - 01/2006)
7.	Ratan, Rajiv R: 8 articles (07/2012 - 11/2004)
8.	Giaccia, Amato J: 7 articles (05/2014 - 02/2007)
9.	Maxwell, Patrick H: 7 articles (03/2011 - 01/2004)
10.	Kaelin, William G: 6 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 01/01/2012 - "But the inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) associated with induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) by CLA in these protective effects has never been reported before. " 08/15/2012 - "To study HIF signaling during tumorigenesis and development in zebrafish, we developed a unique in vivo reporter for hypoxia, expressing EGFP driven by prolyl hydroxylase 3 (phd3) promoter/regulatory elements. " 01/01/2011 - "Previous studies indicate that neutrophils sense and respond to hypoxia via the ubiquitous prolyl hydroxylase/hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and that this can signal for enhanced survival. " 06/02/2010 - "In this study we have investigated the effect of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition on synaptic activity in hippocampal slices and compared this to the changes occurring following exposure to hypoxia. " 01/01/2006 - "Recent studies have elucidated the mechanism of hypoxia-induced transcription, namely that prolyl hydroxylase regulates hypoxia-inducible factor. "
2.	Ischemia 12/01/2007 - "A novel class of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induces angiogenesis and exerts organ protection against ischemia." 01/01/2015 - "Prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 silencing induced by hydrodynamic limb vein injection enhances vascular regeneration in critical limb ischemia mice through activation of multiple genes." 01/01/2014 - "HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 2 inhibition enhances the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of critical limb ischemia." 01/01/2014 - "Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is an effective and feasible strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy and efficiency of BMSC transplantation therapy after heart ischemia." 01/01/2010 - "However, HIF-1alpha protein level was further augmented by 2.0-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively, when the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was given at 24 h before ischemia in both Control and PostC groups. "
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 08/01/2007 - "Prolyl hydroxylase in pancreas tissue is increased in the early stage of pancreatic fibrosis. " 10/30/2001 - "We postulated that prevention of fibrosis after MI with a prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor (P4HI) would preserve LV function and attenuate LV enlargement. " 11/19/1998 - "We suggest that specific inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the modulation of cardiac fibrosis." 05/01/1991 - "Changes in serum and hepatic levels of immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in two models of hepatic fibrosis in rats." 01/01/1991 - "Beneficial effects of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in CCl4-induced fibrosis of the liver in rats."
4.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 09/01/2015 - "To investigate the role of prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide (P4HB) expressed in lung carcinoma and the intervention effect of Yiqi Chutan Formula (, YQCTF). " 07/01/2011 - "Reduced expression of PHD2 prolyl hydroxylase gene in primary advanced uterine cervical carcinoma." 01/01/2011 - "Prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 enhances the hypoxic survival and G1 to S transition of carcinoma cells." 09/01/2010 - "DNA methylation analysis of the HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylase domain genes PHD1, PHD2, PHD3 and the factor inhibiting HIF gene FIH in invasive breast carcinomas." 04/15/2010 - "Retention of prolyl hydroxylase PHD2 in the cytoplasm prevents PHD2-induced anchorage-independent carcinoma cell growth."
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 01/01/2012 - "A possible novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for the pharmacological prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: implications for use as a therapeutic for Parkinson's disease." 02/01/2014 - "These studies further validate the possibility that prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibition may constitute a viable therapy for Parkinson's disease. " 02/01/2014 - "Pharmacological prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibition as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease." 10/16/2009 - "Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity: model for the potential involvement of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway in Parkinson disease." 10/01/2010 - "Aberrant iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment of protein degradation system, such as autophagy, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, among which, iron and mitochondrial dysfunction may enhance the enzyme activity of prolyl hydroxylase and cause the decrease of HIF-1 alpha. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Oxygen
2.	Enzymes
3.	Hormones
4.	UDP glucose-collagen glucosyltransferase (procollagen glucosyltransferase)
5.	Collagen Type III (Type III Collagen)
6.	Hydroxyproline (4 Hydroxyproline)
7.	oxalylglycine
8.	Prostate-Specific Antigen (Semenogelase)
9.	Curcumin
10.	FOY 305 (camostat)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
4.	Radiotherapy
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)