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Procaine (Novocaine)

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).

Also Known As:

Novocaine; Novocain; Abbott Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Anuject; Aventis Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Braun Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Chaix et du Marais Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Geriocaine; Gerokit; Hevert Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Hewedolor-Procain; Jenapharm Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Loges Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Lomapharm Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Lophakomp-Procain N; Pharmakon Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Procain Braun; Procain Jenapharm; Procain Rödler; Procain Steigerwald; Procain curasan; Procaina Serra; Procaine Hydrochloride; Pröcaine chlorhydrate Lavoisier; Röwo Procain; Serra Pamies Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; Steigerwald Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; curasan Brand of Procaine Hydrochloride; procain-loges; Hydrochloride, Procaine; Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester

Networked: 1427 relevant articles (35 outcomes, 63 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58
- Carboxylic Acids: 83
  - Carbocyclic Acids
    - Benzoic Acids: 18
      - Aminobenzoic Acids
        4-Aminobenzoic Acid: 376
        Procaine: 1427
        Penicillin G Procaine: 311
        Bretschneider cardioplegic solution: 81
        chloroprocaine: 75
        benoxinate: 31
        procaine isothiocyanate: 29
        Impletol: 20
        p-aminobenzoyl-N-diethyl-leucinol drug combination dihydroergotoxin: 17
        magnesium-aspartate-procaine: 7
        Cardioplegin: 5
        efatin: 4
        sulfocamphocaine: 3
        cisplatin-procaine complex: 2
        metabutoxycaine: 2
        procaine drug combination nitrofurazone boric acid: 2
        analgesin: 1
        aslavital: 1
        celnovocaine: 1
        Fluress: 1
        Gerovital H3: 1
        impletol depot Bayer: 1
        K.H.3: 1
        novdimal: 1
        Renovaine: 1
        4-bromoacetamidoprocaine
        Colicursi
        N,N-diethylaminoethyl(2-N-methyl)benzoate
        N-acetylprocaine
        nicotinoylprocaine
        procaine acryloyl polymer
        procaine azide
        procaine-chloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II)
        Tardomyocel compound
        turigeran

Experts

1.	Tok, Fatih: 3 articles (06/2012 - 04/2011)
2.	Odabaşi, Zeki: 2 articles (05/2012 - 04/2011)
3.	Karadaş, Omer: 2 articles (05/2012 - 04/2011)
4.	Takenami, Tamie: 2 articles (05/2012 - 05/2009)
5.	Yagishita, Saburo: 2 articles (05/2012 - 05/2009)
6.	Kawakami, Tadashi: 2 articles (05/2012 - 05/2009)
7.	Hiruma, Hiromi: 2 articles (05/2012 - 05/2009)
8.	Nara, Yoshihiro: 2 articles (05/2012 - 05/2009)
9.	Griffiths, Rhonda: 2 articles (01/2012 - 09/2007)
10.	Karpova, O Iu: 2 articles (01/2009 - 01/2001)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 12/01/2015 - "The median pain score immediately following surgery was 5.0 in the control group, which was significantly greater (p=0.03) than median pain score of 4.0 for the patients receiving continuous infusion of procaine. " 01/01/2004 - "There is no controlled trial showing that procaine could be effective for pain treatment. " 02/01/1983 - "The pain can be relieved by the stretch-and-spray procedure, ischemic compression, or precise injection of the TP with procaine solution. " 06/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to differentiate between the peripheral and central analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties of systemic procaine hydrochloride in standardized human pain models. " 12/29/1951 - "Controlled study of pain relief by intravenous procaine."
2.	Ischemia 08/01/1980 - "The results indicate that procaine (1 mM) is able to afford some protective against normothermic ischemia while this protective effect remains consistently lower than that of the St. Thomas' Hospital solution (procaine + high K+ + high Mg2+; JYNGE et al., 1977). " 05/04/1998 - "The histologic outcome was improved and the onset of the ischemia-induced membrane depolarization was prolonged by the preischemic administration of procaine. " 05/04/1998 - "Procaine helps protect neurons from ischemia by suppressing the direct-current potential shift and by inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ stores, as well as by inhibiting the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space." 05/04/1998 - "The histologic outcome was evaluated 7 days after 3 min of transient forebrain ischemia by assessing delayed neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in animals administered procaine (0.2, 0.4, or 2 micromol) intracerebroventricularly 10 min before ischemia and in animals given saline. " 06/01/1978 - "There was no significant improvement in recovery of postarrest ventricular function when procaine cardioplegia was used during normothermic ischemia. "
3.	Pancreatitis 07/01/2011 - "Forty-six consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis randomly received intravenous procaine (2 g/24 h) or placebo for 72 hours in a double-blind fashion. " 01/01/2011 - "In the second series (110 dogs) were studied frequency of development of acute pancreatitis, enzymatic activity of blood serum and enzymatic activity of lymph of thoracal lymphatic duct after resection of duodenum (group 2.1) and in the postoperative period of resection of duodenum with preliminary infiltration of a parapancreatic tissue of 0.5% by a solution of Novocain (group 2.2) and after resection of duodenum with application parapancreatic microirrigation (group 2.3). " 08/01/1997 - "Procaine does not improve the pancreatic blood flow in acute pancreatitis." 08/01/1997 - "Procaine had no effect on microcirculatory disturbances within the pancreas in rats with pancreatitis. " 04/01/1987 - "Severe forms of acute pancreatitis were treated in 53 patients (25 with a destructive form, 28 with an edematous form) with using permanent infusions of a novocaine cocktail into the retroperitoneal space. "
4.	Contracture 12/01/1995 - "Procaine (0.5, 1.0 mM) inhibited contractions elicited by electrical stimulation and enhanced the rapid cooling-induced contracture. " 12/01/1995 - "Procaine enhancement of the rapid cooling contracture and inhibition of the decay of potentiated state in rabbit papillary muscle." 03/16/1995 - "2 mM procaine led to disappearance of such two peaks, resulting in shortening of the contracture. " 01/29/1986 - "Administration of procaine during such contracture stabilized the resting tension somewhat. " 01/01/1986 - "Procaine potentiated CTX contracture but abolished toxin II contracture. "
5.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 03/01/1991 - "Retrosternal procaine blockade with a 0.25% procaine solution, using a bent needle, 15-18 cm long, at the moment of bronchial asthma attack made it possible to arrest the attack in 25 patients, in 6 cases a considerable improvement of the patients' conditions was observed and in 4 patients there was no therapeutic effect. " 07/01/1989 - "[Pretracheal and paratracheal novocaine block in the treatment of bronchial asthma]." 01/01/1987 - "[Treatment of bronchial asthma with a novocaine solution]." 04/01/1984 - "[Suprasternal novocaine block in bronchial asthma]." 05/01/1982 - "[Transbronchial novocaine blockade of pulmonary nerve plexuses in bronchial asthma]."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)
3.	Alprostadil (Muse)
4.	Penicillins (Penicillin)
5.	Caffeine (No Doz)
6.	Calcium
7.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)
8.	Magnesium
9.	Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
10.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Epidural Injections
2.	Induced Heart Arrest (Cardioplegia)
3.	Conduction Anesthesia (Regional Anesthesia)
4.	Phonophoresis
5.	Reflexotherapy