Preleukemia

Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.

Also Known As:

Networked: 106 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Leukemia
2.	Chromosome Aberrations (Chromosome Abnormalities)
3.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)
4.	Monosomy
5.	Trisomy (Trisomies)

Experts

1.	Koeffler, H P: 2 articles (01/2017 - 11/2001)
2.	Abdelhaleem, Mohamed: 1 article (01/2021)
3.	Abelson, Sagi: 1 article (01/2021)
4.	Araújo, Joana: 1 article (01/2021)
5.	Azkanaz, Maria: 1 article (01/2021)
6.	Chan-Seng-Yue, Michelle: 1 article (01/2021)
7.	Chen, Jian: 1 article (01/2021)
8.	Chitayat, David: 1 article (01/2021)
9.	Chong, Karen: 1 article (01/2021)
10.	Cutting, Sarah K: 1 article (01/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Preleukemia:

1.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)IBA 10/01/1989 - "A complete hematologic remission was achieved in a patient with therapy-related preleukemia and transfusion-dependent pancytopenia after treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). " 07/01/1990 - "Based on pre-clinical and in vitro studies demonstrating enhanced granulocytic proliferation and differentiation induced by granulocyte-monocyte and granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF and G-CSF), these recombinant human hormones have been used to treat cytopenic patients with preleukemia [i.e., myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)]. "
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 11/01/2001 - "In this study, TfR2 mRNA expression was analyzed in hematological cell lines, normal erythroid cells at various stages of differentiation, and leukemia and preleukemia cells. " 10/01/1983 - "A somatic mutation(s), acquired during the evolution of preleukemia in a 75-year-old Caucasian male of North European origin, resulted in a marked decrease in alpha-globin mRNA. "
3.	Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)IBA 01/01/1985 - "The diagnosis was confirmed by platelet peroxidase reaction and immunofluorescent staining with anti-factor VIII. Serial cytogenetic studies using banding techniques at various stages during the course of the disease (preleukemia, leukemia, remission, and relapse) showed several chromosomal abnormalities (unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4 leading to trisomy 1q, trisomy 7q, monosomy 7p, and a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 16). "
4.	Factor VIII (Coagulation Factor VIII)IBA 01/01/1985 - "The diagnosis was confirmed by platelet peroxidase reaction and immunofluorescent staining with anti-factor VIII. Serial cytogenetic studies using banding techniques at various stages during the course of the disease (preleukemia, leukemia, remission, and relapse) showed several chromosomal abnormalities (unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4 leading to trisomy 1q, trisomy 7q, monosomy 7p, and a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 16). "
5.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/1982 - "The presence of high-titer antibodies is associated with remission of acute myeloid leukemia and longer survival of patients with preleukemia." 01/01/1982 - "Studies on antibodies reactive with glycoproteins of primate type C viruses in patients with myeloid leukemias and with potential preleukemia."
6.	alpha-GlobinsIBA 04/01/1987 - "The loss of alpha-globin gene transcriptional activity rarely occurs as an acquired abnormality during the evolution of myeloproliferative disease or preleukemia. " 10/01/1983 - "Acquired alpha-thalassemia in preleukemia is due to decreased expression of all four alpha-globin genes." 10/01/1983 - "A somatic mutation(s), acquired during the evolution of preleukemia in a 75-year-old Caucasian male of North European origin, resulted in a marked decrease in alpha-globin mRNA. " 08/01/1983 - "The presence of hemoglobin H (beta 4), resulting from a deficiency of alpha-globin chain synthesis, was observed as an acquired characteristic in the red cells of five elderly patients with myeloproliferative disorders or preleukemia. " 04/01/1987 - "These data showed that factor(s) in the mouse erythroleukemia cell can genetically complement the alpha-globin gene defect in these preleukemia patients with acquired hemoglobin H disease and suggest that altered expression of a gene in trans to the alpha-globin gene may be responsible for the acquisition of hemoglobin H disease in these patients."
7.	sargramostim (Leukine)FDA Link 10/01/1989 - "A complete hematologic remission was achieved in a patient with therapy-related preleukemia and transfusion-dependent pancytopenia after treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). "
8.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1985 - "Further studies will be necessary to define the mechanism of action of low-dose ara-C in preleukemia." 06/01/1985 - "Drug levels achieved by administration of low-dose ara-C (42-64 nmol/L) result in the incorporation of ara-C into bone marrow mononuclear preparations from patients with preleukemia syndromes. " 01/01/1986 - "Low dose ara-C has been widely used in the treatment of preleukemia and leukemia. " 07/01/1985 - "We administered low doses of cytosine arabinoside by continuous infusion for 14 to 21 days (20 mg/m2/d) to 16 patients with preleukemia in various stages of evolution to acute leukemia. " 12/29/1983 - "We administered low doses of cytarabine by continuous intravenous infusion for 7 to 21 days in eight patients with preleukemia or with preleukemia in evolution to acute leukemia. "
9.	Calcitriol (Calcijex)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1985 - "We gave 2 microgram/day of 1,25(OH)2D3 to 18 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (preleukemia) in an attempt to improve their hematopoiesis. " 12/01/1985 - "We investigated the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 both to induce in vitro the differentiation of blast cells taken from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and to improve hematopoiesis in vivo in patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes (preleukemia). " 12/01/1985 - "Taken together, the study shows that high concentrations (10-6M) of 1,25(OH)2D3 can induce differentiation of leukemia blast cells in vitro, but the administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes (preleukemia) does not have an enduring therapeutic effect. " 07/01/1989 - "These novel vitamin D compounds may be superior to 1,25(OH)2D3 in a number of clinical situations including leukemia/preleukemia; they will provide a tool to dissect the mechanism of action of vitamin D seco-steroids in promoting cellular differentiation."
10.	Benzene (Benzole)IBA 01/01/2002 - "Here, we thoroughly review the major chromosome studies published to date in benzene-exposed workers, benzene-poisoned and preleukemia patients, and leukemia cases associated with benzene expose. " 03/15/2009 - "The advisory board considered that a dose range starting from 10 ppm-years (cumulative benzene exposure) is sufficient for a > 50% probability of causing leukemias according to the WHO classification, including chronic lymphatic leukemia, and the potential preleukemias aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, but excluding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Remission Induction 06/01/1985 - "102 patients with AML (leukemia after preleukemia, 2nd neoplasia included) were treated for remission induction by a modified TAD regimen in Munster; 55 patients (54%) achieved a complete remission (CR). " 06/01/1984 - "One patient had erythroleukemia, two cases were heralded by preleukemia with chromosomal abnormalities, one involving the chromosomes 5 and 7. PB is effective in PV; however, despite an easy induction of remission, continuous low-dose maintenance is necessary and the risk of subsequent acute leukemia is still significant."
2.	Therapeutics 07/01/1978 - "Initial poor results of therapy of human preleukemia presently prohibit one from carrying out controlled trials with chemotherapeutic agents in such a group of patients. " 01/01/1995 - "Radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis: a paradigm of preleukemia and its control by preventive therapy." 03/31/1983 - "Bone-marrow transplantation in therapy-related preleukemia." 03/01/2015 - "We aim at increasing awareness and research in the field of preleukemia that will nurture targeted therapy for the earlier steps of leukemia evolution. " 04/01/1988 - "The fact that deletions of varying parts of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7 are observed in most cases of therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and preleukemia, as confirmed by our own series of 71 patients, suggests that loss of heterozygosity for specific alleles on the two chromosomes, rather than activation of a protooncogene, could be an important step in leukemogenesis."
3.	Transplantation 06/01/1986 - "These data show that marrow transplantation can provide successful therapy for preleukemia." 05/01/1984 - "This experience also emphasizes the importance of performing chromosome studies before transplantation for pancytopenic states in order to identify cases of preleukemia." 03/01/1988 - "Successful transplantation of Friend virus-induced preleukemia into stem cell-deficient fetal mice." 06/01/1986 - "Marrow transplantation in preleukemia." 05/01/1984 - "Allogeneic marrow transplantation in the treatment of preleukemia."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/14/1982 - "Incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, preleukemia, and acute myeloproliferative syndrome up to 10 years after treatment of Hodgkin's disease." 10/01/1989 - "A complete hematologic remission was achieved in a patient with therapy-related preleukemia and transfusion-dependent pancytopenia after treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). "
5.	DAT protocol 1 (DAT I) 06/01/1985 - "102 patients with AML (leukemia after preleukemia, 2nd neoplasia included) were treated for remission induction by a modified TAD regimen in Munster; 55 patients (54%) achieved a complete remission (CR). "