Tubal Pregnancy

The most common (>96%) type of ectopic pregnancy in which the extrauterine EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs in the FALLOPIAN TUBE, usually in the ampullary region where FERTILIZATION takes place.

Also Known As:

Networked: 598 relevant articles (24 outcomes, 51 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ectopic Pregnancy
2.	Tubal Pregnancy
3.	Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Sexually Transmitted Disease)
4.	Infertility (Sterility)
5.	Endometriosis (Adenomyosis)

Experts

1.	Camano, Luiz: 4 articles (01/2014 - 03/2004)
2.	Ankum, W M: 3 articles (09/2015 - 01/2000)
3.	Hajenius, P J: 3 articles (09/2015 - 01/2000)
4.	Mol, B W: 3 articles (09/2015 - 01/2000)
5.	Pereira, Pedro Paulo: 3 articles (03/2015 - 10/2007)
6.	Zugaib, Marcelo: 3 articles (03/2015 - 10/2007)
7.	Tulandi, Togas: 3 articles (07/2013 - 03/2007)
8.	Dilbaz, Serdar: 3 articles (08/2008 - 02/2005)
9.	Han, Kyung Koo: 3 articles (09/2006 - 03/2004)
10.	Fernandez, H: 3 articles (09/2003 - 01/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tubal Pregnancy:

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2004 - "To evaluate the efficacy of the endometrial thickness measurement through transvaginal ultrasound as an orienting factor for the medical treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy with a single dose of methotrexate in order to select the best cases for the medical treatment. " 10/01/2000 - "Intraamniotic methotrexate injection with LUS is an effective treatment for unruptured interstitial and tubal pregnancies in patients with dense adhesions." 02/01/2002 - "Intramuscular methotrexate for hemodynamically stable tubal pregnancy, even in cases with adnexal masses up to 5 cm in diameter, is safe and effective. " 10/01/1999 - "Although systemic methotrexate administration is safe and effective for the treatment of tubal pregnancy, it does not necessarily reduce costs. " 03/01/2015 - "[Indications for methotrexate in gynecology outside the first-line treatment of ectopic tubal pregnancies]."
2.	DinoprostIBA 01/01/1996 - "Between 1988 and 1993 129 cases of tubal pregnancies were treated by local prostaglandin F2 alpha instillation. " 01/01/1995 - "We report on a tubal pregnancy treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha locally. " 02/01/1992 - "It is concluded that local prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment is a suitable method for termination of some tubal pregnancies." 02/01/1992 - "[Laparoscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy using local administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha]." 09/13/1991 - "Thirty women who had a small unruptured tubal pregnancy were treated by laparoscopically guided injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha into the oviduct and into the corpus luteum. "
3.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2004 - "The purpose of this study was to explore the value of preoperative ultrasound and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) monitoring to predict the occurrence of residual trophoblastic tissue after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. " 07/01/2014 - "The significantly higher success rate in patients who received combined US-guided local injection and systemic MTX suggests that this is an efficient nonsurgical option in women with tubal pregnancy, high serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin concentration, and fetal cardiac activity." 03/01/2014 - "To estimate the failure rate of medical treatment and to identify variables associated with treatment failure in patients with tubal pregnancy and an initial serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) over 10,000 IU/L. " 01/01/2014 - "Trophoblastic infiltration in tubal pregnancy evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlation with variation of Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin." 04/01/2012 - "Assessment of β-human chorionic gonadotropin level as a reliable predictor of tubal patency confirmed with transvaginal ultrasound-guided selective salpingography (TVSSG) following conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy."
4.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1997 - "Glucose instillation is superior to expectant management for patients with early tubal pregnancy." 09/01/1997 - "To compare expectant management with local instillation of 50% glucose solution for tubal pregnancies with a serum hCG level < or = 2500 mIU/mL. Prospective, non-randomized, comparative clinical study. " 08/01/2001 - "The long-term prognosis for conception after laparoscopic instillation of hyperosmolar glucose for unruptured tubal pregnancy is favorable and comparable to that of other conservative treatments." 08/01/2001 - "One hundred eighty-three women who underwent laparoscopic instillation of hyperosmolar glucose for unruptured tubal pregnancies. " 08/01/2001 - "Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic instillation of hyperosmolar glucose into unruptured tubal pregnancies."
5.	Mifepristone (RU 486)FDA Link 06/01/2010 - "The combination of MTX injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and mifepristone per os is safe and effective for early tubal pregnancy." 02/01/2011 - "Ninety-six patients with tubal pregnancy (mean age 21-40 years) were randomized into 3 groups for treatment with pelvic MTX injection via the posterior fornix+mifepristone+traditional Chinese medicine (experiment group), intramuscular MTX injection+mifepristone+traditional Chinese medicine (control group I), or mifepristone+traditional Chinese medicine (control group II). " 07/01/1998 - "The efficacy of a combination of methotrexate and mifepristone was compared with methotrexate alone in the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancies. " 06/01/2010 - "To evaluate the value of the combination of methotrexate(MTX) injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and mifepristone per os in the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy. " 06/01/2010 - "[Combination of methotrexate injection through hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and mifepristone per os in the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy]."
6.	ProstaglandinsIBA 02/01/1994 - "We studied the secondary surgical measures in 52 patients, who had to undergo surgery for a second time after tubal pregnancy treated with prostaglandins. " 08/01/1993 - "Laparoscopic therapy for tubal pregnancy using prostaglandins." 04/01/1992 - "This is the first unequivocal proof of intact function of the affected tube after non-surgical treatment of a tubal pregnancy with prostaglandins." 03/01/1992 - "[Treatment of tubal pregnancy with prostaglandins]." 08/01/1990 - "Critical comments on the treatment of tubal pregnancy with prostaglandins."
7.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1998 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the local use of oxytocin as adjuvant treatment in conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. " 11/01/1998 - "Our results indicate that intramesosalpingeal injection of oxytocin facilitates the performance of conservative laparoscopic treatment for tubal pregnancy." 11/01/1998 - "Intramesosalpingeal injection of oxytocin in conservative laparoscopic treatment for tubal pregnancy: preliminary results."
8.	GonadotropinsIBA 01/01/1995 - "[Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins in undetected tubal pregnancy within the scope of in vitro fertilization]." 01/13/1962 - "[The determination of gonadotropins in the early diagnosis of tubal pregnancies]." 05/01/1992 - "We conclude that laparoscopic instillation of hyperosmolar glucose solution is safe, technically simple, and effective in the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancies associated with a serum human chronic gonadotropin level less than or equal to 2500 mIU/ml."
9.	Prostaglandins E (PGE)IBA 03/04/1988 - "The recent trend towards conservative management of tubal pregnancies, as well as first reports on the efficacy of systemic or local administration of prostaglandins prompted us to investigate the therapeutic effect of PGF2 alpha injected directly into a non-ruptured tubal pregnancy, followed by systemic administration of a synthetic longer-acting PGE 2 derivative for 3 days. "
10.	ProgesteroneFDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1993 - "We studied the effect of vaginal progesterone (P) treatment during the luteal phase of patients who had had a tubal pregnancy (TP) and were planning another, in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. " 05/01/1995 - "Progesterone levels were significantly lower in the non-continuing and tubal pregnancy groups than in the comparison and threatened-continuing groups (P < 0.001 in all cases). " 11/01/1994 - "In 158 patients with unruptured tubal pregnancies smaller than 4 cm, serum progesterone and hCG levels were measured in two venous blood samples taken preoperatively. " 06/01/1994 - "We conclude that the combined use of two sequential serum HCG samples and one serum progesterone sample, the last of each taken not more than 24 h pre-operatively, can predict the risk for a complicated course following local injection of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha for small tubal pregnancies." 04/01/1993 - "Vaginal progesterone after tubal pregnancy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laparotomy 03/31/1994 - "Laparoscopic conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy is as effective and safe as treatment with laparotomy and has the advantage of decrease in hospital stay, cost, and delay in return to normal activity. " 04/01/1992 - "We suggest that this new technique is a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy in a patient with an early unruptured tubal pregnancy." 03/01/1992 - "This study analyzed the intraoperative morbidity, postoperative course, postoperative hospital stay and fertility outcome in 216 consecutive tubal pregnancies treated with either laparoscopy (n = 98) or laparotomy (n = 118). " 05/01/1991 - "Adhesion formation after laparoscopic surgery in tubal pregnancy: a randomized trial versus laparotomy." 11/01/2015 - "The serum BHCG was 5,700 mIU/ml and in laparotomy bilateral unruptured tubal pregnancy was noted. "
2.	Salpingostomy 05/01/2015 - "Effect of second-look laparoscopy on subsequent fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy: a randomized controlled study." 06/01/2003 - "All patients with a tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic salpingostomy between June 1997 and September 2000 were enrolled in the study. " 05/01/2015 - "SLL may improve subsequent fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy, and may be especially recommended for women with severe and extensive pelvic adhesions." 05/01/2015 - "216 women with future birth demand who underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy. " 05/01/2015 - "To clarify the potential value of second-look laparoscopy (SLL) in improving fertility outcomes after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/1995 - "Impact of trophoblast penetration through the basal membrane on the efficacy of drug therapy in tubal pregnancies." 01/01/1996 - "[Pathophysiologic principles and clinical effects of local drug therapy of tubal pregnancies]." 11/01/1995 - "Combined chemotherapy in the medical management of tubal pregnancy." 02/01/1971 - " 1 patient was admitted with ruptured tubal pregnancy after she had received chemotherapy for 12 months." 12/01/1995 - "The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of drug therapy on the throphoblast and on the tubal wall when protaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was administered in cases of tubal pregnancies. "
4.	Analgesia 03/01/1992 - "Laparoscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy is a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy, yielding similar fertility outcomes and requiring significantly less postoperative analgesia and a significantly shorter hospital stay." 12/01/1992 - "This study demonstrates that transcervical tubal catheterization in patients with tubal pregnancies is feasible and can be performed without anesthesia or analgesia in most cases. "
5.	Condoms (Condom) 08/01/1990 - "The relationship between prior condom use and tubal pregnancy was assessed in a population-based case-control study at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound during 1981-86. " 08/01/1990 - "Prior condom use and the risk of tubal pregnancy." 08/01/1990 - "A history of condom use for more than one year was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent tubal pregnancy (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.26) adjusted for the effects of age, current use of contraceptive methods, educational level, and age at first intercourse. " 08/01/1990 - "Since the use of condoms offers protection against sexually transmitted diseases, one or more of which are likely to be causally related to tubal pregnancy, the observed negative association plausibly represents a protective influence of long-term condom use on the occurrence of tubal pregnancy."