Pregnancy Complications

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

Also Known As:

Networked: 986 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 125 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Premature Birth (Birth, Premature)
2.	Pre-Eclampsia (Preeclampsia)
3.	Birth Weight (Birth Weights)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Gestational Diabetes (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus)

Experts

1.	Girardi, Guillermina: 12 articles (06/2014 - 12/2003)
2.	Romero, Roberto: 11 articles (02/2016 - 01/2007)
3.	Erez, Offer: 8 articles (10/2015 - 01/2007)
4.	Rodger, Marc A: 7 articles (11/2014 - 08/2008)
5.	Salmon, Jane E: 7 articles (01/2008 - 12/2003)
6.	Nicolaides, K H: 6 articles (07/2015 - 10/2000)
7.	Hviid, Thomas Vauvert F: 6 articles (04/2015 - 05/2006)
8.	Jansson, T: 6 articles (03/2015 - 05/2002)
9.	Greer, Ian A: 6 articles (11/2014 - 08/2002)
10.	Brenner, Benjamin: 6 articles (06/2014 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pregnancy Complications:

1.	Heparin (Liquaemin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2004 - "Antenatal administration of heparin to prevent pregnancy complications has shown promise in small studies, but a randomized, placebo-controlled trial is necessary to determine whether heparin administration is beneficial in preventing adverse pregnancy outcome." 04/05/2012 - "Heparin in pregnant women with previous placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled clinical trial." 05/01/2010 - "In addition, heparin prevents complement activation in vivo and protects mice from pregnancy complications. " 12/01/2009 - "Heparin and maternal fetal interface: why should it work to prevent pregnancy complications?" 04/01/2006 - "Heparin is used clinically for the prevention of pregnancy complications associated with prothrombotic disorders, especially antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. "
2.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2011 - "Continuing metformin therapy throughout pregnancy resulted in significant reduction in pregnancy complications with concomitant improved neonatal outcome, with no serious deleterious side effects." 12/01/2010 - "Metformin treatment from first trimester to delivery did not reduce pregnancy complications in PCOS." 12/01/2010 - "Our objective was to test the hypothesis that metformin, from first trimester to delivery, reduces pregnancy complications in women with PCOS. " 03/01/2007 - "There are few data to support treatment during pregnancy with metformin in women with PCOS to prevent pregnancy loss or pregnancy complications." 11/01/2015 - "Efficacy of metformin on pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis."
3.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 09/01/2000 - "In addition to addressing these issues, multi-centre studies, which should perhaps be internet based, are needed to identify those aPL that are causative of pregnancy complications and those that are not, the role of IVIG and the long-term follow-up of both mothers with aPL and their babies." 11/01/2008 - "It is possible that IVIG influences higher NK cell activity in patients with previous pregnancy complications." 11/01/2008 - "Our retrospective data shows an improvement of late pregnancy complications by additional use of IVIG. " 03/01/2001 - "In patients with aPL syndrome, IVIG treatment improved pregnancy outcome, with significantly lower pregnancy complication rates, when compared with prednisone plus LDA therapy." 01/01/2004 - "Multicenter randomized controlled trials attempted to define the role of IVIG in preventing pregnancy complications in APS indicate that simple anticoagulation could not be completely satisfactory, and certain patient subgroups might take advantage of IVIG therapy alone or in combination with heparin."
4.	Antiphospholipid AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2014 - "Investigation of antiphospholipid antibodies is recommended in connection with certain pregnancy complications." 08/01/2012 - "Screening for antiphospholipid antibodies in women with pregnancy complications." 07/01/2012 - "Other placenta-mediated pregnancy complications have also been associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. " 11/01/2009 - "Mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibody-associated pregnancy complications." 03/15/1994 - "To determine if the presence of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) in healthy pregnant women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including 1) intrauterine fetal loss, 2) maternal pregnancy complications, 3) low birth weight, and 4) low 5-minute Apgar scores. "
5.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 07/01/1993 - "Outcome of pregnancies complicated by type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes in Sweden: acute pregnancy complications, neonatal mortality and morbidity." 01/04/1981 - "Prevention of diabetic pregnancy complications and changes in insulin requirements]." 10/01/2015 - "Higher levels of apoptosis, reduced insulin-like growth factor-2 expression, and altered antioxidant defenses may contribute to abnormal placentation and the later development of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth. " 11/01/2013 - "None study evaluating the CCM was detected in pregnant women with GDM Nutritional therapy given during antenatal care was effective in reducing pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, excessive gestational weight gain, necessity for cesarean delivery, for insulin therapy and for shoulder dystocia), perinatal complications (macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and birth weight) and also in better glycemic control. " 01/01/2015 - "We present a protocol for a study to test the hypothesis that metformin will improve insulin sensitivity in obese pregnant women, thereby reducing the incidence of high birthweight babies and other pregnancy complications. "
6.	VitaminsIBA 09/01/2015 - "Despite the high prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency and associated risk of pregnancy complications, few prospective studies and, to our knowledge, only 1 randomized trial have examined the effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy. " 09/01/2010 - "Hyperhomocysteinaemia, vascular related pregnancy complications and the response to vitamin supplementation in pregnant women of Pakistan." 05/01/2008 - "Data were obtained on socio-demographics, prenatal care, pregnancy complications, and use of vitamin/mineral supplements for 836 women, using a postpartum interview. " 10/01/2008 - "The results suggest the importance of the B-group vitamins in regulation of serum tHcy levels in women with insulin resistance/gestational diabetes, what might be relevant in protection against pregnancy complications associated with elevated tHcy in GDM women." 01/01/2014 - "The skilful clinician must master the delicate balance between the teratogenic effects on the fetus of over as well as under replacement of vitamins, pregnancy complications such as premature rupture of membranes and eclampsia, and, finally, maternal complications such as corneal ulcers. "
7.	IronIBA 01/01/2011 - "To estimate the efficacy of iron supplementation in anemic pregnant women on the basis of occurrence of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes. " 12/01/2015 - "In this study, there was significant association between pica practice and education, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, the levels of economic satisfaction, iron supplementation during pregnancy, kind of infant feeding, and type of delivery. " 01/01/2013 - "Pregnancy complications like GDM (52.7%), anemia (53.2%), iron deficiency (55.6%), and preeclampsia (51.9%) were higher in Qataris. " 01/01/2011 - "Comparison of the occurrence of medically recorded pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in pregnant women affected with medically recorded iron deficiency anemia and iron supplementation who had malformed fetuses/newborns (cases) and who delivered healthy babies (controls) in the population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. " 11/01/2000 - "An elevated hemoglobin level (greater than 144 g/L) is an indicator for possible pregnancy complications associated with poor plasma volume expansion, and should not be mistaken for good iron status."
8.	PeptidesIBA 09/01/2013 - "Future studies with specific knockdown of receptor components and/or peptides should be helpful for better understanding of these mechanisms and for the development of target-specific therapies to prevent pregnancy complications. " 12/01/2003 - "Here we identify complement component C5 (and particularly its cleavage product C5a) and neutrophils as key mediators of fetal injury, and we show that Ab's or peptides that block C5a-C5a receptor interactions prevent pregnancy complications. "
9.	Pravastatin (Pravachol)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2012 - "While our in vitro findings suggest that pravastatin may not be effective in preventing pregnancy complications in patients with APS, the in vivo condition may be more complex, and thus, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of pravastatin in the prevention of aPL-associated pregnancy complications in humans. "
10.	MicronutrientsIBA 05/01/2003 - "An implication of the above is that the frequency and severity of pregnancy complications may be reduced through an improvement in the micronutrient status of the mother." 12/01/2009 - "Encouraging a balanced diet and ensuring the adequacy of these micronutrients is essential for minimising pregnancy complications. " 05/01/2003 - "The plausibility of micronutrient deficiencies being a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of pregnancy complications."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bed Rest (Bedrest) 04/01/2015 - "Pregnancy complications, which often involve bed rest in hospital, increase the risk still further. " 03/01/2002 - "While approximately 700,000 women experience pregnancy complications and are treated with bed rest in the hospital each year, little is known about negative affect in these women. " 10/01/2010 - "It also presents a model to guide continuing research about the effects of maternal bed rest as well as evidence supporting the use of home care with bed rest, a different, safe, and feasible model of prenatal care for treating women with pregnancy complications used particularly in other countries. " 01/01/1985 - "During the years 1979-1980, a prospective study was carried out to evaluate the value and efficacy of routine hospital bed rest in the prevention of premature birth and pregnancy complications in twin gestation. " 01/01/1984 - "A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the significance and efficacy of routine hospital bed rest in prevention of premature birth and pregnancy complications compared to specialized antenatal care at the outpatient clinic of 73 twin pregnancies. "
2.	Bariatric Surgery 10/01/2014 - "Obese women are at increased risk for many pregnancy complications, and bariatric surgery (BS) before pregnancy has shown to improve some of these. " 07/01/2012 - "Downsizing pregnancy complications: a study of paired pregnancy outcomes before and after bariatric surgery." 02/01/2013 - "Regarding certain complications, pregnancy after bariatric surgery appears to be safer than pregnancy in the obese. " 08/01/2014 - "While pregnancy after bariatric surgery is safe and associated with reduced pregnancy complications, pregnant women following bariatric surgery are still at high risk for preterm births and small dimensions of gestational age offsprings. " 05/01/2014 - "A significant decrease in pregnancy complications, such as hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes mellitus, is achieved after a restrictive bariatric surgery. "
3.	Pessaries 02/01/1990 - "The efficacy of oral Mifepristone (RU 38,486) with a prostaglandin E1 analog vaginal pessary for the termination of early pregnancy: complications and patient acceptability."
4.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 01/01/2006 - "Statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was shown between the study group and reference groups in scope of: pregnancy duration, frequency of pregnancy complications and frequency of birth by caesarean section. " 10/01/2014 - "The indications of the second cesarean section were as following: contracted pelvis (5%, 3/59), pregnancy complications (42%, 25/59), macrosomia (20%, 12/59), short interval between the two cesarean sections (≤ 2 years); (12%, 7/59) and cesarean section on maternal request (20%, 12/59). " 01/01/2014 - "It increases the risk of pregnancy complications many of which necessitate Cesarean section (CS). " 01/01/2014 - "This survey revealed variable links of pregnancy complications to perinatal outcome in association with very high Cesarean section deliveries, which warrants investigation for causal relations between high risk pregnancy and neonatal outcome in this emerging region." 12/01/2013 - "The issue of whether women should be able to choose to give birth by caesarean section in the absence of pregnancy complications remains a controversial topic. "
5.	Induced Abortion (Induced Abortions) 09/01/1987 - " The prospective design of the present studyminimized the problems of unreliable recall of previous induced abortion and the under-reporting of early pregnancy complications. " 07/01/1979 - "Pregnancy complications following legally induced abortion: an analysis of the population with special reference to prematurity." 01/01/1979 - "Pregnancy complications following legally induced abortion." 01/01/1979 - " Results of the analysis (Chi square test and 5% level of significance were used; where expected number of individual categories was lower than 5, Fischer's exact test and a 2.5% level of significance were used) show that the interval between legally induced abortion and next pregnancy; length of gestation at abortion procedure; number of induced abortions, and abortion technique used do not affect frequency of pregnancy complications in subsequent pregnancies. " 01/01/1979 - "Pregnancy complications following legally induced abortion with special reference to abortion technique."