HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Pre-Eclampsia (Preeclampsia)

Subscribe to New Research on Pre-Eclampsia

A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.

Also Known As:

Preeclampsia; Pregnancy Toxemia; EPH Complex; EPH Gestosis; EPH Toxemias; Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis; Gestosis, EPH; Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria Gestosis; Pregnancy Toxemias; Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension Gestosis; EPH Toxemia; Edema Proteinuria Hypertension Gestosis; Gestosis, Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension; Gestosis, Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria; Gestosis, Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension; Hypertension Edema Proteinuria Gestosis; Pre Eclampsia; Proteinuria Edema Hypertension Gestosis; Toxemia, EPH; Toxemia, Pregnancy; Toxemias, EPH; Toxemias, Pregnancy

Networked: 10721 relevant articles (294 outcomes, 1912 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
- Pregnancy Complications: 986
  - Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: 1703
    - Pre-Eclampsia: 10721
      - Preeclamptic toxemia: 28

Related Diseases

1.	Eclampsia
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (Hypertension, Pregnancy Induced)
4.	HELLP Syndrome
5.	Seizures (Seizure)

Experts

1.	Karumanchi, S Ananth: 87 articles (11/2015 - 03/2003)
2.	Romero, Roberto: 65 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)
3.	Roberts, James M: 50 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Dechend, Ralf: 46 articles (11/2015 - 04/2003)
5.	Nicolaides, Kypros H: 45 articles (09/2015 - 03/2002)
6.	Sibai, Baha M: 42 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Rigó, János: 40 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Molvarec, Attila: 36 articles (11/2015 - 09/2006)
9.	Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn: 36 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)
10.	Nicolaides, K H: 35 articles (10/2015 - 06/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pre-Eclampsia:

1.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2010 - "Calcium supplementation in mothers with low calcium intake has been of interest recently because of its association with optimal fetal growth and improved pre-eclampsia-related outcomes. " 01/01/2014 - "There was also a significant reduction in the risk of pre-eclampsia associated with calcium supplementation (13 trials, 15,730 women: RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.65; I² = 70%). " 08/18/1999 - "Further studies are needed to establish the efficacy of calcium for preeclampsia prevention in healthy high-risk populations. " 01/01/2014 - "Calcium supplementation (≥ 1 g/day) is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of pre-eclampsia, particularly for women with low calcium diets. " 07/01/2001 - "Calcium supplementation is beneficial for preventing pre-eclampsia among Iranian women at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia."
2.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1995 - "Taking into account evidence from large randomised controlled trials, the place of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy appears to be limited, although it may be beneficial for women at high risk of early onset pre-eclampsia; for them, evidence suggesting that it is not harmful is important." 10/01/2015 - "Further research is needed to determine whether aspirin is beneficial in women with high PlGF, and whether the paradigm linking low PlGF and preeclampsia needs to be reevaluated. " 08/01/2012 - "When compared with controls, aspirin started at ≤16 weeks was associated with a significant reduction in severe (relative risk: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.57) but not mild (relative risk: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.96) preeclampsia. " 10/01/2005 - "Therefore, low-dose aspirin is mildly beneficial in terms of reducing the incidence of preeclampsia in women at high risk of developing preeclampsia." 01/15/2005 - "Early treatment with low-dose aspirin is effective for the prevention of preeclampsia and related complications in high-risk patients selected by the analysis of their historic risk factors."
3.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/2009 - "To determine the efficacy of single dose of magnesium sulphate versus the standard Pritchard regime in the management of pre-eclampsia. " 01/01/2016 - "A novel protocol for postpartum magnesium sulphate in severe pre-eclampsia: a randomized controlled pilot trial." 10/01/2015 - "The two studies on magnesium sulphate were equivocal on the cost effectiveness in non-severe cases, and the other study suggested that induction of labour in term pre-eclampsia was more cost effective than expectant monitoring. " 10/01/2014 - "The present study prospectively determines and evaluate whether maternal serum levels of magnesium has any association with pre-eclampsia or not. " 01/01/2014 - "When an analysis was restricted to these two trials none of the review's primary outcomes (perinatal mortality, small-for-gestational age, pre-eclampsia) were significantly different between the magnesium supplemented and control groups. "
4.	Magnesium Sulfate (Sulfate, Magnesium)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2015 - "Magnesium sulfate affords protection against oxidative damage during severe preeclampsia." 11/01/2014 - "Cerebral oximetry assessed by near-infrared spectrometry during preeclampsia: an observational study: impact of magnesium sulfate administration." 05/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine the amount of magnesium sulfate involved when we diagnose a severe preeclampsia in pregnant women. " 05/01/2012 - "Randomized controlled study comparing effect of magnesium sulfate with placebo on fetal umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery blood flow in mild preeclampsia at ≥ 34 weeks gestational age." 01/01/2012 - "Treatment approaches for preeclampsia in low-resource settings: A randomized trial of the Springfusor pump for delivery of magnesium sulfate."
5.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 03/01/2013 - "These biomarkers may be helpful in development of novel rapid diagnostic tests for preeclampsia." 08/01/2015 - "In absence of effective treatment of preeclampsia except delivery, recent research has been focused on identification of specific and sensitive biomarkers for early prediction of PE. " 07/01/2010 - "With improved animal models of preeclampsia and large-scale human trials, we have embarked upon a new era where angiogenic biomarkers based on mechanism of disease can be designed to assist in early diagnosis and treatment. " 01/01/2011 - "However, the detection of new biomarkers for preeclampsia such as placental protein 13 (PP13) has helped in clarifying the issue of when the syndrome starts to develop. " 11/01/2013 - "This study aimed to determine if screening for preeclampsia could be improved between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation by uterine artery Doppler (UAD), biomarkers and lipid-related markers. "
6.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "Efficacy of nitroglycerine infusion versus sublingual nifedipine in severe pre-eclampsia: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial." 01/01/1993 - "Preliminary results indicated that Nifedipine decreased blood pressure and improved kidney functions without affecting the umbilical artery blood flow in cases of pre-eclampsia." 05/01/2008 - "In the present study, i.v. nitroglycerine or sublingual nifedipine were administered to 32 women with severe pre-eclampsia who were being managed with controlled plasma volume expansion and MgSO(4) loading and maintenance doses. " 10/01/1992 - "The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with nifedipine for mild preeclampsia remote from term reduces the number of days of maternal hospitalization and improves pregnancy outcome. " 08/01/2012 - "[Clinical efficacy and perinatal outcome of nifedipine for severe preeclampsia: meta-analysis]."
7.	KetanserinIBA 04/01/1996 - "Ketanserin, a 5-HT(2) receptor blocker, has been used successfully to treat preeclampsia. " 09/01/2006 - "Insufficient efficacy of intravenous ketanserin in severe early-onset pre-eclampsia." 08/01/2004 - "The aim of this prospective, observational study was to assess transplacental transmission of ketanserin, an antihypertensive drug used in pre-eclampsia, and to determine disposition and effects in the neonate after maternal ketanserin use. " 09/01/2000 - "Several studies confirmed that intravenous ketanserin decreases blood pressure significantly in patients with severe preeclampsia. " 10/01/2005 - "Ketanserin is an antihypertensive drug that is increasingly being used parenterally in the treatment of pre-eclampsia. "
8.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 12/01/2012 - "On the basis of the recent evidence, nitric oxide agents may be beneficial in the prevention of preeclampsia. " 01/01/2007 - "This study was designed to determine the protective effects of a vinifera grape skins extract (GSE, 200 mg/kg/day) on the deleterious effect observed in experimental preeclampsia, a condition where reduced nitric oxide production and increase in oxidative stress are present. " 12/01/2002 - "The 17beta-estradiol improved impaired blood flow-mediated dilatation and reduced basal tone through a nitric oxide-mediated pathway in isolated myometrial arteries from women with preeclampsia." 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is altered in pregnancies that develop preeclampsia (PE). " 07/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to establish alteration of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in placenta and its role in pathogenesis of physiological and complicated with preeclampsia (PE) pregnancy. "
9.	VitaminsIBA 09/04/1999 - "Supplementation with vitamins C and E may be beneficial in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk of the disease. " 09/01/2013 - "Our objective was to determine whether Hp phenotype influences pre-eclampsia risk, or the efficacy of vitamins C and E in preventing pre-eclampsia, in women with type-1 diabetes. " 07/24/2010 - "We aimed to assess whether supplementation with vitamins C and E reduced incidence of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes. " 10/01/2014 - "We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from nulliparous women enrolled in a completed trial of vitamins C and E or placebo for preeclampsia prevention. " 09/01/2013 - "Our study was not powered to detect an interaction between Hp phenotype and treatment response; however, our preliminary analysis suggests that vitamins C and E did not prevent pre-eclampsia in women of any Hp phenotype (Hp 1-1, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.22-2.71; Hp 2-1, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.46-1.43; Hp 2-2, 0.67, 95% CI 0.34-1.33), after adjusting for HbA1c at randomisation. "
10.	AntioxidantsIBA 10/01/2012 - "Pre-eclampsia at Irrua in Nigeria is associated with significant reduction in plasma antioxidants level similar to some reports from the other parts of the world." 01/01/2012 - "To investigate the efficacy of antioxidants for preventing preeclampsia and other maternal and fetal complications among pregnant women with low, moderate, or high risk of preeclampsia. " 01/01/2003 - "Although experimental data are still limited, the application of a treatment strategy that includes antioxidants is justified since antioxidant treatment in human pregnancy for pre-eclampsia was demonstrated to be safe and effective. " 01/01/2008 - "Supplementing women with antioxidants during pregnancy may help to counteract oxidative stress and thereby prevent or delay the onset of pre-eclampsia. " 01/01/2005 - "Supplementing women with antioxidants during pregnancy may help to counteract oxidative stress and thereby prevent or delay the onset of pre-eclampsia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 09/01/1980 - "After caesarean section, the preeclampsia improved, and complete return of visual acuity occurred during a three-day period. " 05/01/2003 - "After normalization, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PI for small-for-gestational age infants and Cesarean section due to non-reassuring fetal status were improved in cases with pre-eclampsia and PIH. " 07/01/2015 - "From December 2013 to June 2014, 32 women with severe preeclampsia who received cesarean section in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited in the study, defined as the severe preeclampsia group. " 01/01/2015 - "Our study showed that cesarean section in a first pregnancy was associated with increased preeclampsia risk in the second pregnancy. " 01/01/2015 - "The aim of this study is to determine whether the levels of GPIbα and GPIIb for patients with preeclampsia were enhanced after cesarean section. "
2.	Prenatal Care 04/01/1987 - "To examine the timing of onset of this decline and to study early behavior of blood pressure in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, we reviewed the outpatient charts of all patients with preeclampsia who received prenatal care at our clinics during the past 3 years. " 02/01/2016 - "More is required to reduce the rate of pre-eclampsia perhaps by targeting older and women with high weight for preconception and more intensive prenatal care." 11/01/2014 - "Response to publication entitled: High-risk human papillomavirus at entry to prenatal care and risk of preeclampsia, McDonnold et al." 07/01/2014 - "Adequate and proper prenatal care is the most important part of management of preeclampsia. " 02/01/2014 - "High risk human papillomavirus at entry to prenatal care and risk of preeclampsia."
3.	Epidural Analgesia 01/01/2011 - "We report a complication related to epidural analgesia for delivery in a 24- year-old woman who was admitted with mild pre-eclampsia and for induction of labor. " 08/01/2005 - "One hundred pre-eclamptic nullipara who were given epidural analgesia (group I) were compared with 100 nullipara with pre-eclampsia who were not given epidural analgesia (group II). " 08/01/2005 - "To assess the safety of labor epidural analgesia in subjects with pre-eclampsia. " 08/01/2005 - "Labor epidural analgesia in pre-eclampsia: a prospective study." 01/01/2004 - "This article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of regional anaesthetic techniques including epidural, spinal and combined spinal-epidural analgesia, used as a part of the management of pre-eclampsia. "
4.	Contraception (Birth Control) 01/01/2004 - "In unadjusted analyses, a prolonged time to conception was associated with preeclampsia (OR 1.9), however, after adjustment, the association was less prominent (OR 1.6) and after stratification by contraception method, the link between time to conception and preeclampsia was eliminated. " 08/01/2000 - "Further immunological studies are necessary to determine the role of contraception methods and preeclampsia." 03/01/2014 - "Thus, advising nulliparous women to decrease their use of barrier contraceptive methods and to increase vaginal sexual intercourse prior to conceiving may reduce their risk of preeclampsia. " 01/01/2013 - "The final fitted model for preeclampsia among multiparous women who had planned their pregnancies included IBI, time to pregnancy, Body Mass Index, method of contraception and household monthly income. " 03/01/2010 - "The association of preeclampsia with socioeconomic level, tobacco use, alcohol use, gynecologic and obstetric antecedents (sexual partners, pregnancies, deliveries and abortions number, prenatal control, contraceptive method) and previous pregnancy with preeclampsia were analyzed. "
5.	Catheters 09/01/2000 - "This study was undertaken to compare hemodynamic data derived with the esophageal Doppler monitor against those obtained with a pulmonary artery flotation catheter in women with complicated preeclampsia. " 01/01/2012 - "Pulmonary artery flow catheters for directing management in pre-eclampsia." 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of this paper is to review experience with the pulmonary artery catheter in subsets of women with severe preeclampsia. " 01/01/2002 - "[Hemodynamic measurements with the Swan-Ganz catheter (in the pulmonary artery) in severe preeclampsia patients]." 09/01/2000 - "Seventeen women with severe preeclampsia who had a pulmonary artery flotation catheter placed for clinical indications also had an esophageal Doppler monitor inserted. "