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Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx)

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A recurrent eczematous reaction characterized by the development of vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles, particularly along the sides and between the digits. It is accompanied by pruritus, a burning sensation, and hyperhidrosis. The disease is self-limiting, lasting only a few weeks. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Pompholyx; Eczema, Dyshidrotic; Eczema, Dyshydrotic; Dyshidrotic Eczemas; Dyshydrotic Eczema; Dyshydrotic Eczemas; Eczemas, Dyshidrotic; Eczemas, Dyshydrotic; Eczemas, Vesicular Palmoplantar; Palmoplantar Eczema, Vesicular; Palmoplantar Eczemas, Vesicular; Vesicular Palmoplantar Eczemas; Eczema, Vesicular Palmoplantar; Vesicular Palmoplantar Eczema

Networked: 65 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
- Skin Diseases: 8226

Related Diseases

1.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris)
2.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
3.	Photosensitivity Disorders (Photodermatitis)
4.	Muscle Weakness
5.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)

Experts

1.	Wollina, Uwe: 3 articles (01/2010 - 07/2004)
2.	Kontochristopoulos, George: 2 articles (11/2014 - 10/2007)
3.	Popkin, D L: 1 article (05/2015)
4.	Ortega, L: 1 article (05/2015)
5.	Pethukova, T: 1 article (05/2015)
6.	Nedorost, S T: 1 article (05/2015)
7.	McCormick, T S: 1 article (05/2015)
8.	Soler, D C: 1 article (05/2015)
9.	Bai, X: 1 article (05/2015)
10.	Cooper, K D: 1 article (05/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dyshidrotic Eczema:

1.	Azathioprine (Imuran)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1999 - "Our study demonstrates the efficacy of azathioprine monotherapy for severe atopic eczema, pompholyx, plaque psoriasis, and chronic actinic dermatitis. " 02/12/2005 - "Azathioprine-induced pancytopenia in a patient with pompholyx and deficiency of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase."
2.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "The mechanism of induction of pompholyx by IVIG therapy is unknown. " 01/01/2013 - "Dyshidrotic eczema associated with the use of IVIg." 02/01/2012 - "We reviewed reports of pompholyx and eczematous reactions associated with IVIG. " 01/01/2013 - "A female myasthenia gravis patient case is presented here, where dyshidrotic eczema has occurred after the second dose of intravenous Ig medication and whose treatment is despite further IVIg therapy." 01/01/2014 - "We report a paediatric case of pompholyx of the hands related to the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). "
3.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 08/06/2013 - "Dyshidrotic eczema following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment." 02/01/2012 - "A literature search was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases with the search terms "intravenous immunoglobulin pompholyx," "intravenous immunoglobulin eczema," "intravenous immunoglobulin cutaneous adverse effects," "intravenous immunoglobulin cutaneous effects," "intravenous immunoglobulin skin effects," and "intravenous immunoglobulin adverse effects." Relevant English-language articles or articles in other languages cited in English-language articles were included. " 01/01/2014 - "We report a paediatric case of pompholyx of the hands related to the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). " 08/01/2010 - "High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy (0.4 g/kg for 5 consecutive days) improved the muscle weakness in the hands but led to the development of generalized severe pompholyx that spread to the skin over the entire body. " 01/01/1999 - "Following the second series of intravenous human immunoglobulins (IVIg; 0.4 g/kg) prescribed to treat a sensorimotor polyneuritis, a 28-year-old woman developed pompholyx that recurred after each of the following monthly treatments with IVIg. "
4.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/01/2011 - "Topical corticosteroids are used to treat Pompholyx-like reactions, all them achieved remission between 4 and 50 days (mean 18.5±12.0). " 04/01/1999 - "We describe 5 patients with severe pompholyx who did not respond to conventional therapy or who had debilitating side effects from corticosteroids. " 01/01/1988 - "Topical corticosteroids are an essential part of the treatment regimen of children with atopic eczema and a number of other inflammatory dermatoses, such as infantile seborrhoeic eczema, pompholyx and contact dermatitis. " 01/01/2002 - "Eight adult patients suffering from dyshidrotic hand eczema (atopic type) were included in a prospective, side-by-side controlled clinical pilot study using topical corticosteroids on both hands in combination with intracutaneous injections of 100 units of BTXA (Botox) on the more severely affected hand on day 1. The dyshidrotic hand eczema was classified using the DASI (Dyshidrotic Eczema Area and Severity Index) before treatment (0), after 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. " 08/01/2010 - "However, antiallergic agents and oral corticosteroids did not suppress the pompholyx induced by the high-dose IVIg. "
5.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 10/01/2007 - "Letter: regression of relapsing dyshidrotic eczema after treatment of concomitant hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin-A." 06/01/2008 - "Among the recent developments, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) and botulinum toxin A (BTXA) seem to be effective against pompholyx. "
6.	CalcineurinIBA 06/01/2008 - "Among the recent developments, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) and botulinum toxin A (BTXA) seem to be effective against pompholyx. "
7.	NickelIBA 09/01/1988 - "According to the literature, dyshidrotic eczema is strongly related to an atopic constitution and to contact sensitization, especially to nickel. " 07/01/1986 - "Pompholyx in nickel-sensitive subjects can be induced by orally-administered nickel, but only by a high dose. " 03/01/1983 - "Pompholyx after implantation of a nickel-containing pacemaker in a nickel-allergic patient." 10/01/2002 - "8.6% of the HD was fissured form and 30% of them were PT positive; (3) hyperkeratotic form, in which the lesions are thick, hyperkeratotic plaques - 6.7% of the HD was this form and no positive reaction was found; (4) hand and foot dermatitis (HFD) - 12.4% of HD was HFD and 53.8% of them were PT positive; (5) pompholyx - 6.7% of the patients had pompholyx and one positive result to nickel was detected. " 06/01/2001 - "Nickel allergy and dyshidrotic eczema: Are they related?"
8.	CobaltIBA 12/01/2008 - "Low-cobalt diet for dyshidrotic eczema patients." 12/01/2008 - "We propose a revised, point-based diet that will eliminate much of the dietary cobalt (and nickel) and reduce dyshidrotic eczema flares." 12/01/2008 - "Although metal hypersensitivity does not play a role in all cases of dyshidrotic eczema, high oral ingestion of nickel and/or cobalt should be considered, regardless of patch test results. " 05/01/1987 - "An additional cobalt allergy was recorded significantly more often in pompholyx-type eczema (P = 0.048), yet there was no influence on the oral nickel challenge. " 12/01/1979 - "Nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)."
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 12/01/2013 - "This study aims to compare the expression of certain inflammatory mediator genes and proteins between patients with PPP and pompholyx using skin tissue samples. " 05/01/2015 - "The mechanistic explanation for the epidermal fissuring might lie in the over-expression across the mid and upper epidermis, including the stratum corneum, of two water/glycerol channel proteins aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 10, expressed in the keratinocytes of afflicted pompholyx patients. "
10.	Peruvian balsam (balsam of Peru)IBA 12/01/2007 - "Systematic investigation of different causes of pompholyx: fungal intertrigo, hyperhidrosis, atopy, contact eczema, and internal reactions with systematic provocation tests to metals, balsam of Peru, and food allergen when suspected. " 01/01/1988 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any relationship between vesicular palmar eczema (in particular, pompholyx) and 1) contact allergy to nickel, cobalt, chromate, neomycin, or balsam of Peru; 2) atopy; 3) smoking; 4) acetylsalicylic acid; and 5) contraceptives. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/2004 - "This study demonstrates that localized UVA1 phototherapy is easy to perform and appears to be an effective and safe treatment for vesicular dyshidrotic eczema." 06/01/2008 - "Phototherapy of pompholyx is a cornerstone in treatment. "
2.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 08/01/1980 - "These findings support a recent report of the successful use of biofeedback in treating patients with dyshidrotic eczema." 08/01/1979 - "Biofeedback training for hand warming and relaxation was used with five patients with severe dyshidrotic eczema who were poorly responsive to conventional therapy. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/2014 - "Remarkable improvement of relapsing dyshidrotic eczema after treatment of coexistant hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin." 10/01/2007 - "Letter: regression of relapsing dyshidrotic eczema after treatment of concomitant hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin-A."
4.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies) 12/01/2004 - "We recommend that every sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis should be performed after receiving informed consent to the possibility of even minor complications such as acute pompholyx that could negatively affect postoperative quality of life." 12/01/2004 - "Severe pompholyx following endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis."
5.	PUVA Therapy 04/01/1999 - "In order to investigate the effectiveness of topical PUVA-bath therapy (PUVA-soak therapy) on chronic palmoplantar dermatoses, 30 patients with plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, endogenous eczema, dyshidrotic eczema and hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms and soles were treated over 8 weeks with PUVA-soak using 8-MOP. "