Polyps

Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

Also Known As:

Networked: 9672 relevant articles (452 outcomes, 1230 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Polyps
3.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
4.	Hemorrhage
5.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)

Experts

1.	Müller, Werner E G: 70 articles (03/2022 - 06/2011)
2.	Schröder, Heinz C: 69 articles (03/2022 - 06/2011)
3.	Wang, Xiaohong: 68 articles (03/2022 - 06/2011)
4.	Neufurth, Meik: 49 articles (03/2022 - 01/2014)
5.	Rex, Douglas K: 41 articles (05/2022 - 01/2002)
6.	Wang, Shunfeng: 40 articles (03/2022 - 02/2015)
7.	Baron, John A: 40 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
8.	Tolba, Emad: 30 articles (12/2020 - 01/2014)
9.	Bachert, Claus: 28 articles (01/2022 - 11/2003)
10.	Ackermann, Maximilian: 26 articles (12/2020 - 01/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Polyps:

1.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/2016 - "Steroid treatment improved the mean symptoms scores from 7.12 to 4.02 (P < .01) and the polyp score from 5.13 to 3.31 (P < .05), but the comparison with placebo was not statistically significant in nonallergics due to insufficient study power. " 11/01/2014 - "The symptomatic improvement and statistically significant reduction in polyp grade and ethmoid sinus obstruction supported the efficacy of the steroid-eluting implant for in-office treatment of CRS patient with recurrent polyposis after ESS. " 08/10/2011 - "Topical steroid is a beneficial treatment for CRS without polyps and the adverse effects are minor. " 05/01/2006 - "Oral steroids caused a significant improvement in all nasal symptoms and improved polyp size (2.1 +/- 0.1, P < .05) and nasal flow (560 +/- 35 cm/s, P < .05) compared with nontreated patients (2.8 +/- 0.1 and 270 +/- 34 cm/s, respectively). " 12/01/2018 - "Expert commentary: Clinical evidence has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of steroid-eluting implant in the reduction of polyp size, symptom burden, and the need for revision sinus surgery. "
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/02/2023 - "All agents provided significant improvement in polyp size, sinuses opacification, severity of symptoms, need for surgery and systemic corticosteroids use. " 06/01/2012 - "After corticosteroid treatment, patients with the nonneutrophilic phenotype (neutrophil negative) had significantly greater reductions in bilateral polyp size scores, nasal congestion scores, total nasal symptom scores, and nasal resistance than patients with the neutrophilic phenotype (neutrophil positive, P< .05). " 04/01/2016 - "With corticosteroid treatment, abdominal symptoms were relieved within a few months, whereas polyp regression often required more than 6 months. " 02/07/1987 - "Topical corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of nasal polyposis, but in extensive and obstructive polyps surgery is required. " 01/01/2021 - "To assess the efficacy of oral corticosteroids following ESS in CRS without polyps. "
3.	Capsules (Microcapsules)IBA 08/01/2012 - "Jinsangsanjie capsule has definite efficacy for treatment of vocal fold polyps and vocal nodules and deserved to be recommended." 01/01/2015 - "Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has recently been shown to be effective in colorectal polyp detection. " 06/01/2010 - "Meta-analysis shows colon capsule endoscopy is effective in detecting colorectal polyps." 02/01/2019 - "The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of CAD in detection of polyps in video colonoscopy by using three methods we have proposed and applied for diagnosis of polyps in wireless capsule colonoscopy. " 06/01/2008 - "Expert capsule endoscopists had the highest polyp detection rate (91%) but only noncapsule endoscopy experience was independently correlated with improved polyp detection and sizing accuracy (OR missing polyp--endoscopy experience 1.0, no experience 1.96 [95% CI 1.29 - 2.97], P = 0.002; ratio of estimated to actual size--endoscopy experience 1.0, no experience 1.43 [95% CI 1.22 - 1.66], P < 0.001). "
4.	Sulindac (Copal)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "Sulindac is effective in the reduction and often in the elimination of numerous smaller pouch polyps. " 03/01/2016 - "Sulindac was partially effective in controlling size and number of polyps. " 10/09/2020 - "The findings of the study will provide helpful evidence for the efficacy and safety of sulindac in the treatment of colorectal polyps, facilitating clinical practice and further scientific studies. " 10/09/2020 - "This study will summarize the present evidence by exploring the efficacy and safety of sulindac in the treatment of colorectal polyps. " 10/09/2020 - "Randomized controlled trials of sulindac in the treatment of colorectal polyps will be searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science, and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database (CBM) from inception to August, 2020. "
5.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Results from this exploratory study strongly indicate that aspirin is beneficial in prevention of polyp growth for patients with FAP with ADH1B-AA and AA+GA types, and ALDH2-GG and GG+GA types. " 01/01/2013 - "The planned subgroup analyses of patients who elected to continue on study for more than one year found a significant reduction in the size of the largest polyp in the aspirin versus non-aspirin group (p = 0.02), Mean crypt length decreased significantly over time on study in the two combined RS groups, compared with the two combined non-RS groups (p < 0.0001 for interaction), in a model of the interaction between intervention and time. " 06/01/2010 - "A small study of aspirin in FAP patients produced no statistically significant reduction in polyp number but a possible reduction in polyp size. " 12/01/2013 - "Aspirin treatment resulted in a non-significant reduction in polyp number and a significant reduction in polyp size among patients treated with aspirin for more than 1 year. " 10/01/2023 - "Using duplication and inverse probability weighting, we emulated a target trial of aspirin initiation within 2 years of initial polyp detection. "
6.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Combined treatment also resulted in significantly greater improvements in BCVA than monotherapy with anti-VEGF at 6 and 24 months (P = .001; P < .00001, respectively), and significantly greater polyp regression than that observed following anti-VEGF treatment at 3 and ≥6 months (P < .00001; P < .0001, respectively). " 03/01/2016 - "Molecular Fluorescence Endoscopy Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A for Improved Colorectal Polyp Detection." 04/01/2019 - "Recent clinical trials (EVEREST-II and PLANET study) have emphasized that either anti-VEGF monotherapy or combination treatment is equally capable to strike a balance between polyp regression and stabilization of visual acuity. " 11/01/2011 - "The primary objective of this study was to find out if endometrial polyp formation is associated with increased expression of VEGF or TGF-β1, or both. " 12/01/2009 - "These studies seek to implicate a functional role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in perpetuating primary nasal epithelial cell overgrowth, a key feature of hyperplastic polyps. "
7.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 10/01/2022 - "Prospective short-term studies on effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) point towards a decrease in the number and size of polyps. " 08/01/2007 - "Randomized trials show non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce precancerous polyps. " 10/01/2005 - "These results should be interpreted cautiously given that they may have arisen by chance in the course of examining multiple associations and Polyp Prevention Trial study participants were not randomly assigned to both dietary intervention and NSAID use. " 12/01/2001 - "Limited clinical studies in patients with FAP using nonaspirin NSAIDs have shown a reduction in polyp burden. " 04/01/1995 - "Even though their study may have failed to show a small effect of NSAIDs on polyps, further investigation of the ability of NSAIDs to cause regression of established polyps is probably not warranted. "
8.	dupilumabIBA 07/28/2023 - "In the ESS-dupilumab subanalysis, the ESS-dupilumab cohort had a significant reduction in polyp burden from 4.85 to 0.00 compared with 4.88 to 3.50 for the controls (95% CI of difference: -5.68 to -1.32, Cohen's d: -1.69, p = 0.009). " 05/10/2022 - "Our data demonstrated that subcutaneous 300 mg dupilumab administered at home via a pre-filled auto-injector every two weeks, based on indications set by the Italian Medicines Agency, was rapidly effective in reducing the size of polyps, decreasing symptoms of disease, improving quality of life, and recovering olfaction. " 08/26/2023 - "Dupilumab patients subjected to a prior extensive ESS may have reduced size of polyps and improved subjective indicators, together with a decreased chance to recover smell, when compared with patients who underwent a minimal excision. " 09/28/2023 - "Recent studies, however, have investigated the use of dupilumab and other biologics in expanded patient populations, including those with limited polyp burden. " 09/06/2023 - "This study set out to evaluate the benefit of dupilumab treatment on cohorts of small (TPS ≤ 4) compared to large polyps (TPS ≥ 5). "
9.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2015 - "Budesonide transnasal nebulization significantly reduced polyp size compared with placebo (mean difference between groups, -0.73 units; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.32 units; P = .002) and improved symptoms. " 04/01/2012 - "Additionally, the patients treated with nebulized budesonide showed more obvious improvement in nasal symptoms and polyp size than control group. " 04/01/2012 - "A short course of nebulized budesonide transnasal inhalation can rapidly improve nasal symptoms, reduce polyp size, and does not cause obvious HPA axis suppression. " 05/01/2006 - "Intranasal budesonide maintained the improvement on nasal symptoms, polyp size, and nasal flow. " 01/01/2005 - "Budesonide modulates galectin-7 expression differently in the surface epithelia of polyps from allergic and non-allergic patients."
10.	Celecoxib (Celebrex)FDA Link 02/01/2006 - "A global qualitative analysis suggested that celecoxib was also effective in reducing duodenal polyps. " 05/17/2006 - "Celecoxib shown effective in preventing colon polyps." 10/01/2005 - "(4) A trial focusing on the prevention of colorectal polyps showed that cardiovascular events occurred two to three times more frequently with celecoxib than with placebo. " 01/01/2022 - "The Importance of Drug Concentration at the Site of Action: Celecoxib and Colon Polyp Prevention as a Case Study." 01/01/2022 - "Our findings demonstrated the differential bioavailability of celecoxib between normal and polyp tissues and its potential effects on clinical chemopreventive response in patients with FAP. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/1983 - "Voice therapy is often most effective for treating patients with vocal cord polyp, polypoid degeneration and singer's nodule. " 03/01/2019 - "Patients and methods  Two hundred and eighty-nine consecutive patients with biopsy-proven non-malignant colon polyps (> 20 mm) referred for EMR were analyzed to identify practices that could be improved from the time of identifying the lesion at index colonoscopy until completion of therapy. " 01/01/2001 - "Symptoms disappeared or markedly diminished in all patients with significant improvement during therapy or immediately upon endoscopic removal of the polyp. " 01/01/2017 - "Voice therapy is more effective for small vocal polyps, particularly the sessile type, in female patients." 01/01/2022 - "Voice therapy is effective for patients with vocal nodules, polyps, and MTD. "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 02/01/2015 - "Although clinical experience is limited, endoscopic laser treatment seems to be effective for the single, pedunculated ureteral polyps, while dismembered pyeloplasty is required for the broad based, multilobulated polyps. " 11/21/2023 - "New advanced technologies, such as endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy, have recently shown promising results in predicting histology of colorectal polyps. " 01/01/2017 - "Moreover, a second-generation blue laser imaging system, LASEREO, has been reported to improve not only polyp detection rate but also ADR, becoming a promising IEE modality. " 02/01/2021 - "Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser and CO2 laser combined with microsuture in the treatment of bilateral sessile polyps of vocal cords. " 01/01/2023 - "Other IEE technologies, such as blue laser imaging (BLI), linked-color imaging (LCI), i-SCAN, and AFI, have also shown promise in improving ADR and characterizing polyps. "
3.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 10/01/2019 - "Cold snaring has few complications and is more effective than cold forceps for 4- to 5-mm polyps and as effective and more efficient than hot snaring for 6- to 9-mm polyps." 01/01/2012 - "The jumbo biopsy forceps is superior to the standard forceps in removing small, sessile polyps. " 03/01/2021 - "Cold forceps polypectomy (CFP) is an effective treatment for diminutive colorectal polyps. " 01/01/2021 - "Clip closure is effective for large (≥ 20 mm) nonpedunculated polyps in the proximal colon. " 03/12/2020 - "Clip application before polypectomy of ≥1 cm pedunculated polyps is effective in decreasing the occurrence of immediate PPB. "
4.	Colectomy 07/01/2013 - "Combined endolaparoscopic surgery appears to be a safe and effective alternative to colectomy in all parts of the colon in patients who have benign polyps not removable with colonoscopy alone." 03/01/2007 - "Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of accelerated postoperative recovery." 09/01/2005 - "Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of early postoperative recovery." 01/01/2022 - "Despite studies showing improved safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic resection for nonmalignant colorectal polyps, colectomy rates for nonmalignant colorectal polyps have been increasing in the United States and Europe. " 01/01/2020 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether endoscopic step up leads to improved outcomes and decreased costs compared with planned colectomy for endoscopically unresectable colon polyps. "
5.	Colonoscopes 07/01/2022 - "Polyp size estimated at 3 cm from the colonoscope's tip yielded the best results. " 03/01/2014 - "The new colonoscope had less image blurring, improved subjective quality of stored images, and increased the proportion of high confidence endoscopic estimates of polyp histology, but did not improve accuracy in estimating polyp histology." 10/01/2012 - "There was no difference between high- and standard-definition colonoscopes when white light was used, but FICE significantly improved the in vivo diagnosis of small polyps when high-definition scopes were used compared with standard definition." 01/01/2020 - "Technologies that allow for increased visual field of colonic mucosa and may lead to improved colon polyp detection rates include cap-assisted colonoscopy, RetroView, extra-wide-angle view colonoscope, full-spectrum endoscopy, Third Eye Retroscope, NaviAid G-EYE balloon colonoscope, EndoRings, and Endocuff. " 01/01/2016 - "To assess the efficacy of Endocuff, a special attachment was fixed at the distal tip of a colonoscope, for the polyp detection. "