Polymyalgia Rheumatica (Rhizomelic Pseudopolyarthritis)

A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.

Also Known As:

Rhizomelic Pseudopolyarthritis; Forestier Certonciny Syndrome; Peri-Extra-Articular Rheumatism; Pseudopolyarthritides, Rhizomelic; Rheumatism, Peri Extra Articular; Rhizomelic Pseudopolyarthritides; Syndrome, Forestier-Certonciny; Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome; Pseudopolyarthritis, Rhizomelic; Rheumatism, Peri-Extra-Articular

Networked: 926 relevant articles (70 outcomes, 88 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Giant Cell Arteritis (Horton Disease)
2.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Osteoporosis
5.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)

Experts

1.	Manzo, Ciro: 19 articles (02/2022 - 01/2018)
2.	Salvarani, Carlo: 15 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
3.	Saraux, Alain: 12 articles (06/2021 - 04/2007)
4.	Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie: 11 articles (06/2021 - 01/2016)
5.	Salvarani, C: 11 articles (05/2008 - 05/2000)
6.	Castagna, Alberto: 9 articles (02/2022 - 11/2020)
7.	Buttgereit, Frank: 9 articles (01/2022 - 01/2012)
8.	Dejaco, Christian: 9 articles (01/2022 - 01/2006)
9.	Boiardi, Luigi: 9 articles (08/2013 - 04/2002)
10.	Brouwer, Elisabeth: 8 articles (12/2022 - 06/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Polymyalgia Rheumatica:

1.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 05/14/2011 - "the mainstay of treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is oral glucocorticoids, but randomized controlled trials of treatment are lacking. " 03/27/2018 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica is effectively treated with glucocorticoids. " 01/01/2015 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) affects older people, and although glucocorticoids are effective in treating PMR, they frequently result in side effects. " 08/01/2013 - "Glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay of treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). " 09/01/2011 - "Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). "
2.	tocilizumab (atlizumab)FDA Link 04/01/2016 - "Value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for therapeutic assessment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica receiving tocilizumab as first-line treatment." 01/01/2015 - "Tocilizumab is effective against polymyalgia rheumatica: experience in 13 intractable cases." 08/21/2023 - "The efficacy of anti-IL6 receptors such as Tocilizumab (TCZ) was demonstrated in patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) in two recent randomized controlled trials. " 04/01/2016 - "To evaluate the use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the assessment of tocilizumab (TCZ) as first-line treatment in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). " 05/01/2010 - "Tocilizumab ameliorates clinical symptoms in polymyalgia rheumatica."
3.	SteroidsIBA 11/08/2006 - "A 81-year-old patient with a six month history of upper extremity tenderness, most likely due to an atypical presentation of a polymyalgia rheumatica, responded well to a course of systemic steroids. " 06/01/2022 - "These findings met the diagnostic criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and when we started steroid treatment, her symptoms improved rapidly. " 07/01/2023 - "Steroid-sparing agents in polymyalgia rheumatica: how will they fit into the treatment paradigm?" 11/01/2022 - "Variability of Steroid Response Time in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Case Report." 05/01/2022 - "Her initial symptoms were suggestive of polymyalgia rheumatica, and she had nearly complete response to steroids. "
4.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "Under a working diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) her prednisone dose was increased, leading to a complete remission.; her symptoms resolved and the ESR normalized. " 01/07/2022 - "The case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), treated with low doses of prednisone, and with clinical and analytical remission is reported. " 05/01/2020 - "To investigate clinical and laboratory prognostic factors of remission after one year of follow-up in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) treated with low-dose prednisone. " 03/01/2018 - "Therapeutic response to prednisone in relation to age in polymyalgia rheumatica: a comparison study." 01/01/2017 - "Modified-release prednisone for polymyalgia rheumatica: a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study."
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic condition, for which the mainstay of treatment is corticosteroids. " 02/01/2016 - "Corticosteroid was started that improved her polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms. " 08/01/2012 - "Imbalance between endothelial injury and repair in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: improvement with corticosteroid treatment." 01/01/2011 - "To study the initial dose of corticoids prescribed by rheumatologists in the Côte d'Or, a French department of Burgundy, in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), the clinical and biological data of patients who consulted rheumatologists of the Côte d'Or between March 2006 and December 2008 for PMR were collected. " 06/01/2003 - "18F-FDG-PET studies were performed in a 60-year-old female patient with polymyalgia rheumatica resistant to prior corticosteroid treatment. "
6.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 01/01/2020 - "Clinical remission was defined as the absence of clinical signs and symptoms in cranial and large vessel areas, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. " 09/29/2023 - "Diagnostic difficulties in polymyalgia rheumatica cases with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values." 08/31/2023 - "His C reactive protein level was elevated at 116 mg/L, leading to an initial diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica. " 01/01/2019 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica with normal values of both erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein concentration at the time of diagnosis." 09/20/2018 - "Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) with Normal Values of Both Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentration at the Time of Diagnosis in a Centenarian Man: A Case Report."
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2021 - "The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a nurse-led prednisolone tapering regime in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) compared to standard care. " 12/01/2021 - "Comment on: "Fast track clinic for early diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: Impact on symptom duration and prednisolone initiation" by Frølund et al. Joint Bone Spine 2021;88:105185." 10/01/2021 - "Fast track clinic for early diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: Impact on symptom duration and prednisolone initiation." 03/01/2021 - "The effect of a nurse-led prednisolone tapering regimen in polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective cohort study." 10/01/2020 - "He was treated with oral prednisolone for polymyalgia rheumatica. "
8.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 10/05/2023 - "Previous studies have suggested that interleukin-6 blockade may be clinically useful in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. " 01/01/2023 - "Expression of interleukin-6 in synovial tissue of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica." 09/01/2018 - "Dissecting the inflammatory response in polymyalgia rheumatica: the relative role of IL-6 and its inhibition." 01/01/2009 - "Higher levels of serum IL-6 were found in EORA patients with polymyalgia rheumatica-like symptoms than in those without and were also noted in male patients with EORA compared with female patients. " 04/01/2006 - "To assess the role of -174 G/C promoter polymorphism of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the susceptibility to polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). "
9.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "We read the article by Marsman et al. regarding the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) with great interest. " 01/01/2020 - "Efficacy of methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica in routine rheumatology clinical care." 04/15/2022 - "PolyMyalgia Rheumatica treatment with Methotrexate in Optimal Dose in an Early disease phase (PMR MODE): study protocol for a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled trial." 05/01/2021 - "Methotrexate for treating polymyalgia rheumatica: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 09/01/2018 - "The aim of the present study was to define subsets of patients suffering from polymyalgia rheumatica, where methotrexate (MTX) up to 20 mg/week might be more effective. "
10.	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)FDA Link 01/01/2021 - "The 18FDG-PET/CT scan is a very useful technique for the study of Polymyalgia Rheumatica, not only to help in the diagnostic process, but also due to its role in the identification of a variety of PMR-like patrons." 01/01/2022 - "Several studies have shown that 18F-FDG PET may contribute to the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). " 05/01/2020 - "Muscle involvement on 18F-FDG PET-CT in polymyalgia rheumatica. " 10/01/2018 - "Diagnosing polymyalgia rheumatica on 18F-FDG PET/CT: typical uptake patterns." 08/01/2017 - "18F-FDG PET/CT in polymyalgia rheumatica-a pictorial review."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2020 - "Based on a history of polymyalgia rheumatica, on laboratory tests, and brain digital subtraction angiography, a diagnosis of GCA was advanced and the patient underwent high-dose steroidal therapy. " 01/01/2019 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndrome from checkpoint inhibitor therapy: case series and systematic review of the literature." 11/08/2017 - "Polymyalgia rheumatica development in a patient under PI3K inhibitor therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia." 10/01/2015 - "Therapy for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) varies widely in clinical practice as international recommendations for PMR treatment are not currently available. " 10/01/2015 - "Therapy for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) varies widely in clinical practice as international recommendations for PMR treatment are not currently available. "
2.	Injections 04/01/2002 - "Local injections in polymyalgia rheumatica." 01/01/1982 - "Eleven (14%( of 80 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome (PMR-S) recovered spontaneously within one year; two of them had received repeated injections of depot steroids before remission occurred. " 06/01/2000 - "Corticosteroid injections in polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study." 06/01/2000 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of shoulder corticosteroid injections in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). " 06/01/2002 - "CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ANS KEY POINTS: In polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) unassociated with giant cell arteritis (GCA) (twice as frequent as GCA without PMR) several recent works demonstrated by MRI or echography that synovitis and/or subacromial bursitis accounted for most of the painful shoulders and could be relieved by steroid injections. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2022 - "Patient population consists of 8 patients with GCA, 6 with polymyalgia rheumatica, as disease control group and 5 healthy controls (sex and age matched) at 3 time points: disease diagnosis, 48 and 96 hours after treatment administration. " 03/01/1988 - "Twenty-three patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) followed in an academic rheumatology practice frequently reported symptoms commonly found in the recently described "chronic fatigue syndrome" or "chronic Epstein-Barr infection syndrome." These symptoms persisted for months after treatment had reduced the severity of the myalgias and lowered the sedimentation rate: periodically disabling fatigue (33%), recurrent pharyngitis (30%), sleep disorder (65%) and arthralgias (70%). " 03/01/2014 - "Drug-associated polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis occurring in two patients after treatment with ipilimumab, an antagonist of ctla-4." 01/01/2018 - "Here, we describe a series of four patients presenting to the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Arthritis Center with de novo polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)-type conditions and/or peripheral synovitis after treatment with PD-1/PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibitors. " 02/21/1994 - "We assessed the diagnostic value of CD8+ levels in a larger group of patients with temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica before and after treatment with prednisolone and in relation to patients with other medical and rheumatic diseases. "
4.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 03/01/1991 - "A prospective clinical study of 23 patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA) and/or polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was undertaken in order to assess the behaviour of the non-specific markers of the disease activity, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and other acute phase markers, particularly the C-reactive protein (CPR) and serum amyloid A apolipoprotein (apo SAA) levels during induction of disease remission by prednisone therapy, and possible further recurrence of GCA and/or PMR. "
5.	Acupuncture Therapy 04/12/2019 - "Professor WANG Ju-yi has gradually improved the clinical application of channel palpation treatment based on his more than 50 years clinical practice, and has accumulated rich experience in acupuncture treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. "