Plutonium

Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.

Networked: 243 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Khokhryakov, V F: 10 articles (04/2006 - 07/2000)
2.	Koshurnikova, N A: 8 articles (08/2013 - 07/2000)
3.	Suslova, K G: 7 articles (03/2009 - 07/2000)
4.	Romanov, S A: 6 articles (10/2005 - 09/2000)
5.	Shilnikova, N S: 6 articles (11/2004 - 07/2000)
6.	Sokolnikov, M E: 5 articles (03/2013 - 07/2000)
7.	Preston, D L: 5 articles (03/2013 - 09/2000)
8.	Gilbert, E S: 5 articles (03/2013 - 09/2000)
9.	Boice, John D: 4 articles (02/2014 - 12/2003)
10.	Miller, Scott C: 4 articles (03/2013 - 11/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 01/01/2014 - "In conclusion, the established methodology could be beneficial for future development of a method to evaluate plutonium contamination in wounds. " 08/01/2006 - "These data are provided to the radiation dosimetry community for use in developing and testing improved models for plutonium deposition in wounds." 01/01/2014 - "Methodology using a portable X-ray fluorescence device for on-site and rapid evaluation of heavy-atom contamination in wounds: a model study for application to plutonium contamination." 09/01/2012 - "The resulting central estimates of empirical wound absorption parameters and their associated uncertainties are here compared with the empirical values recommended in NCRP Report No. 156 for plutonium and with the maximum likelihood point estimates derived in the initial study from the Case 0262 data available at the time." 05/01/1978 - "Experimental studies of the translocation of plutonium from simulated wound sites in the rat."
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/15/2008 - "Risks of mortality from cancers of the lung, liver and bone, the organs receiving the largest doses from plutonium, were evaluated in a cohort of 17,740 workers initially hired 1948-1972 using, for the first time, recently improved individual organ dose estimates. " 07/01/2005 - "Studies of workers at the plutonium production factory in Hanford, WA have led to conflicting conclusions about the role of age at exposure as a modifier of associations between ionising radiation and cancer. " 05/01/1994 - "The results of these studies indicate that the majority of plutonium-induced proliferative epithelial lesions and neoplasms in the rat originate from alveolar type II pneumocytes." 07/01/1987 - "This study considered whether geographic patterns of cancer suggest any relation with Rocky Flats, a facility located near Denver, Colorado that processes plutonium components for nuclear weapons. " 01/01/1983 - "The risk of bone cancers developing from internally deposited plutonium must be estimated from studies in laboratory animals because no plutonium-induced cancers have been observed in people. "
3.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer) 05/01/2010 - "Second, it is demonstrated that inclusion of a bystander effect with a dose threshold allows an improved description of the lung cancer mortality risk for the Mayak workers cohort due to incorporation of plutonium. " 05/01/1987 - "Most exposures occur from inhalation of highly insoluble forms of plutonium oxide, and from animal studies, lung cancer is the most likely outcome. " 03/01/2015 - "Microdosimetric considerations of lung cancer risks from plutonium." 01/01/2015 - "Mechanistic multi-stage models are used to analyze lung-cancer mortality after Plutonium exposure in the Mayak-workers cohort, with follow-up until 2008. " 08/01/2013 - "There was clear evidence for the linear association between internal plutonium dose and the risk of lung cancer. "
4.	Lung Diseases (Lung Disease) 03/01/2009 - "A history of smoking did, however, result in a significantly greater retention of less soluble chemical forms of plutonium in pulmonary tissues of workers with no lung disease. " 08/01/2005 - "Animal studies and a report on plutonium-exposed workers from Russia suggest an association between high doses to the lung from plutonium exposure and the development of fibrotic lung disease. " 03/01/2009 - "In workers with lung disease, smoking did not significantly influence the terminal organ retention of the different chemical forms of plutonium. " 01/01/1996 - "For them the following chance proportions were obtained: smoking 6.6, plutonium pneumosclerosis 4.6, plutonium incorporation 3.1, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases 2.1, external gamma-radiation 1.6. " 03/01/2009 - "The chemical form of plutonium aerosols, smoking history and presence of lung disease were determined. "
5.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 07/01/2000 - "Also, the fraction of total systemic plutonium excreted per day was significantly greater for workers with liver diseases than for relatively healthy workers. " 01/01/2003 - "There was a considerable shift of the plutonium from the liver to the skeleton in individuals who died from liver disease. " 01/01/2003 - "The systemic plutonium distribution was determined in healthy individuals as well as in those with health impairment, specifically for those with liver diseases. " 07/01/2000 - "Workers who suffered from liver diseases generally had a smaller fraction of systemic plutonium in the liver at death and a larger fraction in the skeleton than did relatively healthy workers. " 03/01/2013 - "The relative amounts of americium and plutonium found in the skeleton compared with the liver were even greater in workers with documented chronic liver diseases. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	N,N',N'',N'''- tetra(1,2- dihydro- 1- hydroxy- 2- oxopyridine- 6- carbonyl)- 1,5,10,14- tetraazatetradecane
2.	Gadolinium
3.	Colloids (Colloid)
4.	Pentetic Acid (DTPA)
5.	plutonium dioxide
6.	Americium
7.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)
8.	Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)
9.	A-factor (Streptomyces)
10.	Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chelation Therapy (Therapy, Chelation)
2.	Semiconductors
3.	Nuclear Reactors