Pinealoma (Pineoblastoma)

Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)

Also Known As:

Networked: 225 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Teratoma (Teratoid Tumor)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Germinoma
4.	Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

Experts

1.	Rutkowski, Stefan: 3 articles (02/2014 - 09/2012)
2.	von Bueren, André O: 3 articles (02/2014 - 09/2012)
3.	Kenjo, Masahiro: 2 articles (06/2015 - 07/2008)
4.	Kurisu, Kaoru: 2 articles (06/2015 - 07/2008)
5.	Yamasaki, Fumiyuki: 2 articles (06/2015 - 07/2008)
6.	Sugiyama, Kazuhiko: 2 articles (06/2015 - 07/2008)
7.	Reyns, N: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2006)
8.	Frappaz, D: 2 articles (04/2015 - 04/2015)
9.	Blond, S: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2006)
10.	Chen, Xiaolei: 2 articles (03/2015 - 08/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pinealoma:

1.	Biological Tumor Markers (Tumor Markers)IBA 09/01/2001 - "Although MRI has allowed an improvement in distinguishing true pineal masses from parapineal masses impinging into the region of the gland, it is still difficult to differentiate the pineal GCTs from pineal parenchymal tumors with only images, and the clinical informations such as age, sex, and the tumor markers are very important." 01/01/1998 - "The possibility of long term remission obtained by surgery alone and the lack of specificity of clinical and radiological features of ganglioglioma are additional reasons for an aggressive surgical management of pineal tumors when tumor markers and cytopathological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid are not contributive." 01/01/1986 - "The importance of melatonin and tumor markers in pineal tumors."
2.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2006 - "Precocious puberty due to human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting pineal tumor." 02/01/1990 - "Precocious puberty in a seven-year-old boy due to human chorionic gonadotropin producing pineal tumor detected by nuclear magnetic resonance computed tomographic scanning." 07/01/1977 - "A case is reported in which a human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG-)-producing ectopic pinealoma was found in a 5-year-old girl with precocious puberty. " 07/01/1977 - "Human chorionic gonadotropin produced by ectopic pinealoma in a girl with precocious puberty. " 03/01/2006 - "We present a 9-year-old boy with central precocious puberty and hydrocephalus caused by a human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) secreting pineal tumor. "
3.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 04/01/2003 - "These were progressive pineal gland tumor enlargement documented on MRI without increase in previously elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. " 05/01/1981 - "The tumor, detected 2 years and 4 months before death, was an ectopic pinealoma (germ cell tumor) and showed elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of 48,000 ng/ml. Histologically, intra- and extracellular PAS-positive hyaline globules were observed in the tumor. " 01/01/1982 - "In rare cases (males, with few exceptions), the precocious puberty may be explained by the presence in the pineal tumor of trophoblastic tissue secreting hCG; some of these tumors produce also alpha-fetoprotein (evidence of a yolk-sac tumor)." 09/01/1983 - "[Pineal tumor with alpha 1 fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid]." 06/01/2005 - "All patients had solitary pineal tumor measuring less than 3 cm, clinically compatible with germinoma, normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, no disseminated disease on spinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and no abnormal CSF cytology. "
4.	CobaltIBA 12/14/1977 - "Under cobalt therapy (5000 rads) a remission of the pinealoma was achieved. " 09/01/1986 - "A case of pinealoma is described in a patient aged 16 years who had been treated initially conservatively with ventriculoperitoneal shunting and cobalt irradiation of the whole brain. " 01/01/1976 - "Surgical excision of pineoblastomas is considered dangerous, and relief of raised intracranial pressure by shunting followed by cobalt therapy is the preferred treatment. "
5.	GadoliniumIBA 11/01/1994 - "MR is particularly effective for this task due to its ability to visualize the pineoblastoma in three different planes, both before and after the administration of gadolinium." 04/01/1990 - "Experience in three patients (one each with meningioma, pineal tumor, and prominent jugular bulb) illustrates that magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can benefit from the administration of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. "
6.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 10/01/1990 - "Primitive pineal tumor with retinoblastomatous and retinal/ciliary epithelial differentiation: an immunohistochemical study." 09/01/1993 - "Differential expression of retinal proteins in a pineal parenchymal tumor." 09/01/1993 - "In this study, a pineal parenchymal tumor of the "mixed pineoblastoma/pineocytoma" type was examined for the expression of several photoreceptor, glial and neuronal proteins including: interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), rod opsin, cone opsin, S-Ag and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRA1BP). " 06/15/1987 - "We examined retinal and midline pineal tumors from four patients with trilateral retinoblastoma who had antibodies against neural-associated antigens including neuron-specific enolase, photoreceptor cell proteins (S-antigen and rhodopsin), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. "
7.	AntigensIBA 05/01/1989 - "Immunoreactive S-antigen in cerebrospinal fluid: a marker of pineal parenchymal tumors?" 01/01/1986 - "S-antigen immunoreactivity in human pineal glands and pineal parenchymal tumors. " 01/01/1986 - "S-antigen-like immunoreactivity in a human pineocytoma." 05/01/1989 - "S-Antigen immunoreactivity was found in the preoperative CSF of the one patient found to have pineocytoma; tumor tissue removed from this patient was the only neoplastic tissue examined in this study which contained S-Antigen immunoreactive tumor cells. " 09/01/1992 - "It is speculated that the retinitis might reflect an autoimmune response to S-antigen present in some tumour cells of the pineocytoma."
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 08/01/2009 - "Apoptotic proteins and markers of differentiation in childhood pineal parenchymal tumors: relationships and prognostic value." 09/01/1993 - "Differential expression of retinal proteins in a pineal parenchymal tumor." 10/15/1987 - "The results indicate that certain neoplastic cells of medulloblastoma are capable of expression of photoreceptor-specific proteins and, thus, may be closely related to tumor cells of retinoblastoma and pineocytomas previously shown to bind antisera against retinal S-antigen and opsin. " 09/01/1993 - "In this study, a pineal parenchymal tumor of the "mixed pineoblastoma/pineocytoma" type was examined for the expression of several photoreceptor, glial and neuronal proteins including: interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), rod opsin, cone opsin, S-Ag and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRA1BP). " 06/15/1987 - "We examined retinal and midline pineal tumors from four patients with trilateral retinoblastoma who had antibodies against neural-associated antigens including neuron-specific enolase, photoreceptor cell proteins (S-antigen and rhodopsin), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. "
9.	Etoposide (VP 16)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1995 - "[A case of pineoblastoma successfully treated with surgery, combined chemotherapy of cisplatin and etoposide, and radiotherapy]." 08/01/2000 - "For treatment of germinomas and pineoblastomas, if no tumor dissemination was confirmed by pre-, intra-, or postoperative findings, stereotactic radiotherapy or radiosurgery was performed after one course of chemotherapy with the ICE regimen (isofomid, cisplatin, and etoposide) and followed by two additional courses of chemotherapy. " 05/01/1995 - "In this study, several courses of intensive chemotherapy (1 course: VP-16 300mg/m2 x 5 days + carboplatin 400-500mg/m2 x 3 days) and one course of ultra-high dose chemotherapy (1 course: VP-16 400mg/m2 x 8 days + carboplatin 800mg/m2 x 5 days + MCNU 250, 200mg/m2 x each day) with PBSC transfusion were applied in four cases of pediatric malignant brain tumors (2 cases of medulloblastoma, one case of pineoblastoma and anaplastic ependymoma) after surgical reduction. "
10.	Sexual precocityIBA 02/01/1990 - "Because of subsequent progression of clinical and laboratory findings of sexual precocity, nuclear magnetic resonance computed tomographic (NMR-CT) scan was performed, which confirmed the presence of a pineal tumor three months later. " 01/01/1997 - "We compared the following associated neurological disorders: convulsions and abnormal EEG, microcephaly, sleep and behavior problems, brain anomalies proved by image studies, sexual precocity with pineal tumor among the three groups, as well as other clinical conditions including congenital heart disease, obesity, scoliosis, and hypopigmentation. " 09/01/1981 - "Human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting pineal tumor: relation to pathogenesis and sex limitation of sexual precocity."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/1995 - "Lack of efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy and delayed radiation in very young children with pineoblastoma. " 09/01/1989 - "Two cases of pineocytoma, which responded well to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, are reported. " 10/01/2013 - "Pineoblastoma was detected in 1% of patients and fewer patients who received systemic chemotherapy developed pineoblastoma, possibly indicating a systemic protective effect." 09/01/2013 - "Successful treatment by chemotherapy of pineal parenchymal tumor with intermediate differentiation: a case report." 12/01/2010 - "Although pineoblastoma in infants and very young children still remains a therapeutic challenge, significant progress has been made in the treatment of pineal GCTs with treatment strategies using a combination of chemotherapy and reduced dose and volume irradiation, resulting in increased survival rates and reduced long-term morbidity."
2.	Radiotherapy 06/01/2003 - "The use of HDC in addition to radiotherapy seems to be an effective treatment for patients with newly diagnosed pineoblastoma." 07/01/2002 - "The aim of our study was to analyze patterns of care and to identify prognostic factors in patients at least 18 years of age who received radiotherapy for malignant pineal parenchymal tumors. " 04/01/2015 - "Considering pineocytomas, although these tumours have been considered to be radioresistant to fractionated radiotherapy, our results are in agreement with similar results reported in the literature in suggesting that radiosurgery may be an alternative to surgical resection or an adjuvant therapy when the resection is not optimal. " 10/21/2011 - "A diagnosis of pineocytoma was established with an endoscopic pineal gland biopsy, and the patient received stereotactic radiotherapy. " 10/21/2011 - "In this paper, we report the successful treatment of a case of pineocytoma with diffuse leptomeningeal relapse following initial stereotactic radiotherapy. "
3.	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 09/01/1992 - "Metastatic pineoblastoma via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: CT demonstration." 12/01/1997 - "A 58-year-old male suffered a massive intratumoral hemorrhage after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt before treatment for pineocytoma. " 12/01/1997 - "Pineocytoma with massive intratumoral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt--case report." 01/01/1994 - "We report the uncommon occurrence of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt-associated peritoneal metastases in two patients with pineoblastoma. " 01/01/1994 - "Peritoneal metastases in two patients with pineoblastoma and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts."
4.	Ventriculostomy 01/01/2010 - "Here we report a case of pineal tumor resection with preoperative ventriculostomy that was complicated by multiple epidural hematomas. " 12/01/2004 - "We present our technique which includes the application of the neuronavigation system to the biopsy and third ventriculostomy in pineal tumor with associated hydrocephalus. " 12/01/2004 - "We have applied the neuronavigation system to endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy in the management of patients with a pineal tumor with hydrocephalus. " 05/01/2004 - "The authors report their experience in six patients with pineal tumors and associated hydrocephalus who underwent an endoscopic biopsy procedure and third ventriculocisternostomy (ETVC) in a single sitting. " 10/01/2003 - "The third ventriculostomy was performed in all patients with a pineal tumor, in addition to the tumor biopsy. "
5.	Craniotomy 08/01/1979 - "A 16-year-old boy was operated on via an occipital transtentorial craniotomy for a pineal tumor. " 03/24/2015 - "Most patients of germ cell tumors and pineoblastomas may avoid craniotomy and shunt. " 09/01/2013 - "Neurosurgeons performed an occipital craniotomy with partial removal of the tumor and the postoperative diagnosis was a pineal parenchymal tumor with intermediate differentiation. " 12/01/1997 - "Intratumoral hemorrhage in pineocytoma after the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is rare, but should be kept in mind when a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed before a craniotomy." 08/01/2014 - "The rest 16 cases (37.2%, craniotomy group) with histological diagnosis of non-germinoma and non-pineoblastoma (5 astrocytomas, 4 pineocytomas, 4 teratomas, 2 ependymomas, and 1 pineopappiloma) had craniotomy and tumor resection after ETV. "