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Pilocarpine (Ocusert)

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A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Also Known As:

Ocusert; Salagen; Isopilocarpine; Isoptocarpine; Pilocarpine Hydrochloride; Pilocarpine Mononitrate, (3S-cis)-Isomer; Pilocarpine Nitrate; Pilocarpine, Monohydrochloride, (3S-cis)-Isomer; Hydrochloride, Pilocarpine; Nitrate, Pilocarpine; 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-, (3S-cis)-

Networked: 2623 relevant articles (134 outcomes, 495 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- Alkaloids: 1065
  - Pilocarpine: 2623

Experts

1.	Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão: 30 articles (09/2014 - 06/2002)
2.	Nehlig, Astrid: 27 articles (07/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Smolders, Ilse: 24 articles (08/2015 - 08/2002)
4.	Cavalheiro, Esper A: 24 articles (08/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Wang, Xuefeng: 23 articles (12/2015 - 08/2010)
6.	Michotte, Yvette: 22 articles (07/2014 - 08/2002)
7.	Löscher, Wolfgang: 21 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Buckmaster, Paul S: 21 articles (04/2015 - 08/2002)
9.	Avoli, Massimo: 20 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	de Freitas, Rivelilson Mendes: 19 articles (04/2015 - 06/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 06/01/2011 - "ALAC (125-500 mg/kg/day for 15 days) protected against seizures induced by 250 mg/kg pilocarpine, but was less effective against higher pilocarpine doses. " 07/01/1988 - "The dose of APH required to give sustained protection against pilocarpine-induced convulsions is 10 pmol for lateral habenula and 50 pmol for mediodorsal thalamus. " 06/01/2011 - "Similarly to CBZ, ALAC (125-500 mg/kg/day for 15 days) was also effective against spontaneous seizures in the post-pilocarpine SE model. " 08/01/2015 - "In this context, we wanted to assess the protective effects of mechanistically diverse AEDs in mice subjected to pilocarpine-induced SE in another seizure model. " 01/01/2009 - "Bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus lesions are not protective against seizures in chronic pilocarpine epileptic rats."
2.	Xerostomia 02/01/1995 - "It is concluded that in these studies pilocarpine produced clinically significant benefits with acceptable side effects and risks for the treatment of symptomatic postradiation xerostomia. " 02/01/1995 - "There was a significant improvement in the overall "global" condition of xerostomia associated with the use of pilocarpine in both studies. " 01/01/1995 - "In these studies, pilocarpine 5 to 10mg 3 times daily increased salivary flow and improved symptoms of xerostomia in a significantly higher percentage of patients than did placebo (54 versus 25% in one study). " 07/01/2002 - "Pilocarpine has been approved for the treatment of this condition in the chronic phase, but its use concurrent with radiation could also be beneficial for prevention or reduction of the subsequent radiation-induced xerostomia. " 01/01/1995 - "Thus, pilocarpine is an effective agent for the treatment of xerostomia, increasing salivary flow and reducing symptom severity to a significantly greater extent than placebo. "
3.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 05/01/2012 - "Its monoterpene, at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, was also capable to increase the latency for installation of status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine, and presented a significant protection against lipid peroxidation and nitrite formation in mice hippocampus (P < 0.05). " 02/01/2007 - "at 2 months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, significant reduction of CCR7-10 expression in CB-, CR- and PV-immunpositive interneurons may suggest the phenotype change of surviving interneurons. " 10/29/2015 - "In the present study, we investigated whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with neuronal- and astroglial-death in the hippocampus using LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model. " 12/01/2014 - "In this study, we used male rats, which were injected with saline or pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE) and killed 24h, 3 and 7 days after pilocarpine administration. " 08/22/2014 - "The purpose of our study was to investigate whether a physical exercise program applied during brain development could influence the hippocampal plasticity of rats submitted to status epilepticus (SE) induced by pilocarpine model at two different ages of the postnatal period. "
4.	Glaucoma 01/01/2013 - "Case 3 demonstrates the better efficacy of pilocarpine in comparison to other anti-glaucoma medications in the treatment of plateau iris. " 07/01/1997 - "The ability to predict the pilocarpine-induced change in the angle before the instillation of pilocarpine would be helpful in treating patients with glaucoma." 04/01/1977 - "Management of chronic glaucoma with pilocarpine Ocuserts." 01/01/2012 - "There is some evidence from two small trials in more severe OAG, that initial medication (pilocarpine, now rarely used as first line medication) is associated with more glaucoma progression than surgery. " 11/01/1996 - "This study was performed to investigate the use of an electronic medication alarm device (Prescript TimeCap) to enhance compliance in glaucoma patients taking pilocarpine. "
5.	Epilepsy (Aura) 08/01/2015 - "Fish oil provides protection against the oxidative stress in pilocarpine model of epilepsy." 08/01/2015 - "In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and distribution of intersectin1-L in patients with refractory epilepsy, in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, and in a rat model of amygdala-kindled epilepsy by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. " 06/01/2014 - "The aim of the present study was to determine the expression pattern of STRAP and Smad7 in the hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex of pilocarpine-induced rats models of epilepsy. " 03/01/2014 - "In the present study, we detected and compared the dynamic expression of PTN in the hippocampus and adjacent cortex of immature rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. " 01/01/2014 - "This is the first study to identify a pharmacoresistant subgroup, resistant to 2 AEDs, in the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lithium
2.	Timolol (Blocadren)
3.	Kainic Acid (Kainate)
4.	latanoprost (Xalatan)
5.	Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)
6.	Pilocarpine (Ocusert)
7.	Diazepam (Valium)
8.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
9.	Cholinergic Agonists
10.	Muscimol

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy
2.	Oral Administration
3.	Lasers (Laser)
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Injections