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Pigmentation Disorders (Ito Syndrome)

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Also Known As:

Ito Syndrome; Schamberg Disease; Disease, Schamberg; Disease, Schamberg's; Disorder, Pigmentation; Disorders, Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorder; Schambergs Disease; Syndrome, Ito; Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians; Schamberg's Disease

Networked: 81 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
- Skin Diseases: 8226
  - Pigmentation Disorders: 81

Related Diseases

1.	Melanosis (Freckles)
2.	Purpura
3.	Hypopigmentation (Hypomelanosis)
4.	Dermatitis
5.	Vitiligo

Experts

1.	Chung, Hae Young: 4 articles (04/2015 - 01/2004)
2.	Chun, Pusoon: 3 articles (04/2015 - 10/2013)
3.	Kim, Dae Hyun: 3 articles (04/2015 - 10/2013)
4.	Moon, Hyung Ryong: 3 articles (04/2015 - 10/2013)
5.	Jeong, Hyoung Oh: 3 articles (04/2015 - 10/2013)
6.	Moon, Kyoung Mi: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2015)
7.	Yun, Hwi Young: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2015)
8.	Son, Sujin: 2 articles (04/2015 - 01/2015)
9.	Choi, Yeon Ja: 2 articles (01/2015 - 10/2013)
10.	Kocić, I: 1 article (12/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pigmentation Disorders:

1.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2001 - "Should pentoxifylline be regarded as an effective treatment for Schamberg's disease?" 01/01/2003 - "Treatment of Schamberg's disease with pentoxifylline--therapeutic trial." 03/01/2000 - "An open trial of pentoxifylline in schamberg's disease." 07/01/2003 - "Treatment of Schamberg's disease with pentoxifylline." 01/01/2003 - "We conclude that pentoxifylline should be considered as first line therapy in all patients with Schamberg's disease."
2.	kojic acidIBA 06/01/2012 - "Although in human clinical studies kojic acid has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hyper-pigmentation disorders such as melasma, the reasons for its apparent lack of anti-melanogenic activity in cultured mammalian melanocytes are unclear. "
3.	Melanins (Melanin)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Pigmentation disorders include a large number of heterogeneous conditions that are usually characterized by altered melanocyte density, melanin concentration, or both, and result in altered pigmentation of the skin. " 07/01/2012 - "Morphometric analysis of tissue melanin may quantitatively contribute to research on pigmentation disorders. " 10/01/2008 - "Mutations in various genes involved in melanocyte migration during embryogenesis, melanin synthesis and melanosomal function and transfer have been shown to cause pigmentation disorders. " 01/01/2004 - "Although melanin biosynthesis has an essential function normally in human skin for defense against ultraviolet light of the sun, its abnormal activity as seen in pigmentation disorder could lead to serious medical problems. " 01/01/1991 - "Melanin pigmentation disorders of the skin and oral mucosa."
4.	Thioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseIBA 01/01/1989 - "Recently, both biochemical and clinical studies on the healthy human population, and on patients with pigmentation disorders, suggested a connection between free radical defense by plasma membrane associated thioredoxin reductase and melanin biosynthesis. "
5.	Betamethasone (Celestone)FDA Link 04/01/2004 - "Oral pentoxifylline vs topical betamethasone in Schamberg disease: a comparative randomized investigator-blinded parallel-group trial."
6.	paeonolIBA 09/15/2013 - "This study provided the original evidence for the salidroside and paeonol as therapeutic agents for pigmentation disorder and skin lightening, with further clinical investigation of these compounds in the field of depigmentation was suggested."
7.	rhodiolosideIBA 09/15/2013 - "This study provided the original evidence for the salidroside and paeonol as therapeutic agents for pigmentation disorder and skin lightening, with further clinical investigation of these compounds in the field of depigmentation was suggested."
8.	CosmeticsIBA 05/01/2015 - "PP was asymptomatic in 11 patients, pruritic in 3, and of cosmetic concern in 3. Schamberg's disease was the most frequent subtype in 12 cases. " 04/01/2015 - "Diverse compound sources are being explored for de-pigmentation activities to develop novel therapeutic agents or functional cosmetic ingredients for hyper-pigmentation disorders. " 10/01/2013 - "Agents to control melanogenesis are in demand for the development of cosmetics to improve pigmentation disorders of skin and hair. " 01/01/2010 - "Thus, HAs play an important role in cosmetic formulations, as well as in many dermatologic applications, such as in treating photoaging, acne, ichthyosis, rosacea, pigmentation disorders, and psoriasis." 04/01/2015 - "Tyrosinase inhibitors might have potential use in cosmetic and medicinal products for the prevention of pigmentation disorders. "
9.	Monophenol Monooxygenase (Tyrosinase)IBA 01/01/2015 - "In conclusion, MHY2081 may be a novel tyrosinase inhibitor for prevention and treatment of pigmentation disorders. " 10/01/2013 - "MHY-794, which showed great efficacy on NO-mediated melanogenesis by direct NO scavenging as well as direct inhibition of tyrosinase catalytic activity, might be utilized for the development of a new candidate for treatment of the hyper-pigmentation disorders." 10/01/2013 - "Our results indicate that MHY-794 is highly effective at inhibiting NO-mediated melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo by direct NO scavenging and directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity, and suggest that MHY-794 be considered a new developmental candidate for the treatment of hyper-pigmentation disorders. " 03/17/2000 - "By correlating the degree of folding with the activity of tyrosinase, we propose a local folding mechanism for tyrosinase that can explain the mechanism of inactivation of tyrosinase N-glycosylation mutants found in certain pigmentation disorders." 04/01/2015 - "Tyrosinase inhibitors might have potential use in cosmetic and medicinal products for the prevention of pigmentation disorders. "
10.	X-linked Angioma serpiginosumIBA 01/01/1925 - "Schamberg's Disease, or Angioma Serpiginosum." 03/01/1982 - "The clinical and histological findings in a case of pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis of Gougerot-Blum is presented, and the relationship of this disease to Schamberg's disease, Majocchi's disease, and angioma serpiginosum of Hutchinson is reviewed." 01/01/1954 - "[On the pathogenesis of certain indistinct forms of purpura (Majocchi's purpura, Schamberg's disease, Gougerot-Blum dermatitis, angioma serpiginosum)]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2015 - "Hair pigmentation disorders or 50 years of German-Polish alliance for study on a severe side effect of chemotherapy: Kostanecki's legacy."
2.	Solid-State Lasers 08/01/2008 - "Pigmentation disorders (tattoos,lentigines,segmented melanocytic hyperpla-sia, nevus of Ota) were treated 32 times with the ruby laser Sinon (694 nm). "
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/2014 - "Although epidermal grafts have been successfully used for many decades in treating pigmentation disorders, its expanded use for wounds has been limited largely due to lack of a reliable method of harvesting patient epidermal skin. "
4.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 04/01/2008 - "We present a case of Schamberg's disease showing a dramatic response to psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy and discuss the current therapeutic options focusing mainly on phototherapy. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2011 - "The successful treatment of Schamberg's disease with the 595 nm vascular laser."