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Periapical Granuloma

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Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation of periapical tissue resulting from irritation following pulp disease or endodontic treatment.

Also Known As:

Dental Granulomas; Granuloma, Dental; Granulomas, Dental; Granulomas, Periapical; Periapical Granulomas; Dental Granuloma; Granuloma, Periapical; Periapical Periodontitis, Chronic Nonsuppurative; Periodontitis, Apical, Chronic Nonsuppurative

Networked: 100 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Stomatognathic Diseases: 372
- Mouth Diseases: 60
  - Periodontal Diseases: 5219
    - Periodontitis: 5200
      - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
        Periapical Granuloma: 100
    - Periapical Diseases: 54
      - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
        Periapical Granuloma: 100
- Jaw Diseases: 7
  - Periapical Diseases: 54
    - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
      - Periapical Granuloma: 100

Related Diseases

1.	Radicular Cyst
2.	Cysts
3.	Chronic Periodontitis
4.	Polyps
5.	Gingivitis

Experts

1.	Letra, Ariadne: 10 articles (01/2016 - 08/2008)
2.	Garlet, Gustavo Pompermaier: 8 articles (02/2015 - 08/2008)
3.	Silva, Renato Menezes: 7 articles (01/2016 - 02/2012)
4.	Campanelli, Ana Paula: 5 articles (10/2014 - 08/2008)
5.	Takeichi, Osamu: 4 articles (01/2015 - 02/2007)
6.	Trombone, Ana Paula Favaro: 4 articles (10/2014 - 02/2012)
7.	Garlet, Thiago Pompermaier: 4 articles (01/2013 - 08/2008)
8.	Li, Song: 3 articles (06/2015 - 06/2012)
9.	Biguetti, Claudia Cristina: 3 articles (02/2015 - 07/2014)
10.	Hatori, Keisuke: 3 articles (01/2015 - 06/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Periapical Granuloma:

1.	CytokinesIBA 10/01/2014 - "Previous studies describe contrasting molecular profiles of active and inactive periapical granulomas characterized by distinct expression of cytokines, osteoclastogenic factors, and wound healing markers. " 01/01/2013 - "Current studies indicate these activated cells as the source of bone-resorbing cytokines in the periapical granuloma. " 02/01/2000 - "Current studies indicate that these activated cells are the source of the bone-resorbing cytokines in the periapical granuloma. " 07/01/2014 - "Here we simultaneously investigated the patterns of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Thf, Tr1 and Tregs cytokines/markers expression in human periapical granulomas. " 01/01/2013 - "The development of periapical granulomas is dependent on the host response and involves Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg-related cytokines. "
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 06/01/2011 - "This study compared the localization of MK-expressing cells and MK messenger RNA expression in periapical granulomas with healthy gingival tissues. " 01/01/2016 - "All periapical lesions and healthy mucosa samples showed partial methylation of the MMP2 gene; however, periapical granulomas showed higher MMP2 mRNA expression levels than healthy mucosa (P = .014). " 02/01/2015 - "Ninety-three human periapical granulomas and 24 healthy periodontal ligament tissues collected postoperatively were used for messenger RNA expression analyses of IL1B. " 02/01/2012 - "SERPINE1, TIMP1, COL1A1, TGFB1, and ITGA4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in inactive compared with active periapical granulomas (P < .001), whereas TNF and CXCL11 mRNA expression was higher in active lesions (P < .001). " 06/01/2011 - "Quantitative analysis of MK messenger RNA expression revealed that periapical granulomas expressed significantly more MK than healthy gingival tissues. "
3.	InterleukinsIBA 10/01/1991 - "Immunoreactivity for interleukin 1-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ultrastructural features of monocytes/macrophages in periapical granulomas." 09/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the immunolocalization of the interleukin (IL) 4, IL-6, and lymphotoxin (LT) alpha in dental granulomas and correlate their expression with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. " 12/01/2008 - "We investigated the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha); interleukin (IL)-10 and RANKL; and SOCS-1, -2, and -3 by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 57 periapical granulomas and 38 healthy periapical tissues. " 04/01/2013 - "Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) protein levels in human radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. " 02/01/2000 - "In situ distribution of three prototype chemokines interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and Rantes was determined in chronic human periapical granulomas by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. "
4.	Interleukin-4 (Interleukin 4)IBA 04/01/2013 - "Our study showed that IFN-γ protein levels are increased in radicular cysts, whereas IL-4 expression is stronger in samples of periapical granulomas. " 04/01/2013 - "IL-4 expression was stronger in periapical granulomas than in radicular cysts. " 09/01/2003 - "Immunolocalization of interleukin 4, interleukin 6, and lymphotoxin alpha in dental granulomas." 03/01/2010 - "Periapical granulomas display a regulatory environment characterized by high TGF-beta and low inflammatory cytokine levels, while radicular cysts has mist Th1 and Th2 inflammatory reaction with the presence of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4." 09/01/2003 - "Study design Fifteen paraffin specimens of dental granulomas were selected, and the streptavidin-biotin complex stain was used to detect IL-4, IL-6, and LT-alpha. "
5.	ChemokinesIBA 10/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to determine the expression of chemokines and their receptors by real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples obtained from healthy gingiva, periapical granulomas, and inflammatory periradicular cysts. " 02/01/2000 - "In situ distribution of three prototype chemokines interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and Rantes was determined in chronic human periapical granulomas by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. " 06/01/2010 - "This study analyzed the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate, presence of mast cells, and in situ expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta), chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1), and nuclear transcription factor (FoxP3) in human periapical granulomas and cysts compared with a control group. "
6.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 09/01/1987 - "Monoclonal antibodies were used in histopathologic and immunohistologic studies of periapical granulomas. " 06/01/2015 - "After their histopathological categorization as periapical granulomas (n = 20), they were examined by immunohistochemistry using human LEPR monoclonal antibodies. " 06/01/2011 - "The lesions diagnosed as periapical granulomas pathologically were examined by immunohistochemistry using human MK monoclonal antibodies. " 01/01/1991 - "Samples of periapical granulomas obtained from 12 patients were examined using light and electron microscopes and monoclonal antibodies. " 01/01/1989 - "Periapical granulomas have been investigated histologically, immunohistologically using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, as well as electronmicroscopically. "
7.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 03/01/2002 - "The aim of this study was to examine the localization and involvement of SP, mast cells and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-positive cells in human periapical granulomas. " 03/01/2002 - "SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers, mast cells and TNF-alpha-positive cells were found localized in the vicinity of blood vessels in all the samples of periapical granulomas. " 10/01/1991 - "There were very few IL-1 beta + and TNF-alpha + cells present in periapical granulomas, and the positive cells had monocyte/macrophage morphology. " 10/01/1991 - "The purpose of our investigation was to detect and characterize IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-producing cells in human periapical granulomas. " 10/01/1991 - "Immunoreactivity for interleukin 1-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ultrastructural features of monocytes/macrophages in periapical granulomas."
8.	ParaffinIBA 05/01/2005 - "Seventeen open periapical granulomas of pulpal origin (seven lesions without epithelium and 10 with proliferating epithelium) were fixed in formalin and then embedded in paraffin prior to being processed for immunohistochemical analysis. " 08/01/2014 - "We studied the localization, staining intensity and distribution of collagenase-3 in 13 periapical granulomas with epithelium, 16 periapical granulomas without epithelium and 10 radicular cysts using archived formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. " 01/01/1993 - "The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) by odontogenic epithelium was studied in odontogenic cysts (n = 35), ameloblastoma (n = 6), and periapical granulomas containing proliferating epithelial rests of Malassez (n = 7) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to EGFr (clone E30, F4 and C11) known to react with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. " 09/01/2003 - "Study design Fifteen paraffin specimens of dental granulomas were selected, and the streptavidin-biotin complex stain was used to detect IL-4, IL-6, and LT-alpha. "
9.	Chemokine CCL4IBA 10/21/2001 - "Macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)-producing cells were present in periapical granulomas. " 06/01/2010 - "This study analyzed the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate, presence of mast cells, and in situ expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta), chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1), and nuclear transcription factor (FoxP3) in human periapical granulomas and cysts compared with a control group. "
10.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)IBA 03/01/2010 - "Periapical granulomas display a regulatory environment characterized by high TGF-beta and low inflammatory cytokine levels, while radicular cysts has mist Th1 and Th2 inflammatory reaction with the presence of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4." 06/01/2010 - "This study analyzed the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate, presence of mast cells, and in situ expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta), chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1), and nuclear transcription factor (FoxP3) in human periapical granulomas and cysts compared with a control group. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Pathology 03/01/2015 - "A total of 30 cases and out of which 15 of periapical granuloma and 15 radicular cyst, each along with the case details from the previously diagnosed cases in the department of oral pathology were selected for the study. " 12/01/2014 - "Histopathology records of PLs diagnosed from January 1990 to December 2012 at the Department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan, were examined and categorized into periapical cysts (PCs); periapical granuloma (PGs) and others. " 08/01/2014 - "Eighteen radicular cysts (RCs) and 22 periapical granulomas (PGs) were collected in the Department of Oral Pathology after periapical surgery as the experimental samples. "
2.	Oral Administration 01/01/1989 - "Josamycin concentrations in human dental granuloma after a single oral administration of josamycin." 01/01/1989 - "1. Josamycin concentrations in human serum and dental granuloma after a single oral administration of josamycin (600 mg) were assayed by an agar diffusion (paper disc) method. " 04/01/1988 - "Ampicillin concentrations in human dental granuloma after a single oral administration of talampicillin."
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 04/01/1991 - "The Authors report on a case of interesting tooth transplantation using a supernumerary in the site of a lower premolar root affected by periapical granuloma. "
4.	Tooth Extraction (Tooth Extractions) 09/01/1988 - "[A case report of excessive bleeding after tooth extraction of periapical granuloma in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]."
5.	Lasers (Laser) 05/01/2008 - "To determine whether endothelial cells (ECs) in periapical granulomas can express vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CXCL8 and CXCL10 by examining with two-colour confocal laser scanning microscope. "