Peptidoglycan (Murein)

08/15/2012 - "Our in vivo studies demonstrate the key role of PGRP-LCx in sensing DAP-type peptidoglycan-containing Gram-negative bacteria or Gram-positive bacilli during systemic infection. "
07/01/2009 - "To study the progress of infection caused by mutant Listeria monocytogenes with deletion of Imo0028 gene coding L,D-carboxypeptidase (protein involved in metabolism of peptidoglycan). "
09/01/2015 - "These changes in sequence increase the affinity of SodCII for peptidoglycan fragments to match that of SodCI and allow the now tethered SodCII to function during infection. "
05/01/2015 - "Evolutionarily distinct bacteriophage endolysins featuring conserved peptidoglycan cleavage sites protect mice from MRSA infection."
02/01/2015 - "The sensitivity of NOD2 to the mycobacterial peptidoglycan may link the natural history of both innate and adaptive immunity to mycobacterial infection."

12/01/1998 - "In this study, we administered group A streptococcal cell wall (SCW) peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes orally and monitored the impact on SCW-induced erosive polyarthritis. "
01/01/2015 - "Arthritis severity was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system (0-4), and histological analysis of cellular infiltration, cartilage destruction and peptidoglycan loss was performed. "
04/01/2012 - "Peptidoglycan (PGN) was systemically administrated to PIA rats, and arthritis severity was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. "
02/19/2009 - "The sequence of events in peptidoglycan-induced arthritis is activation of Nod2, local expression of PGLYRP-2, chemokine production, and recruitment of neutrophils into the limbs, which induces acute arthritis. "
02/19/2009 - "To extend the known functions of mammalian PGRPs, we examined whether they have immunomodulating activities in peptidoglycan-induced arthritis in mice. "

01/01/2013 - "Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN) induced tolerance, a phenomenon of transient unresponsiveness of cells to repeated or prolonged stimulation, proved valuable model for the study of chronic inflammation. "
03/01/1993 - "The objective of this study was to characterize the acute and chronic inflammation induced by the intramural injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) into the distal colon of genetically susceptible rats. "
10/01/2015 - "Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) of the bacterial cell wall can induce inflammation by activating the TLR2 signaling. "
08/01/2015 - "JNJ-42905343 was identified and characterized as a novel inhibitor of PHD and its action was compared with rhEPO in healthy rats and in a rat model of inflammation-induced anaemia and FID [peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) model]. "
04/15/2015 - "NOD1 is an intracellular immune receptor that senses peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria and responds by inducing autophagy and activating NF-κB, leading to inflammation-mediated bacterial clearance; however chronic pathogens can evade NOD1-mediated clearance by altering peptidoglycan structure. "

11/01/2001 - "In this study, we examined whether MAdCAM-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of granulomatous colitis induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS). "
08/01/2011 - "The role of NOD2 signalling and the protective effect of Lactobacillus peptidoglycan (PGN) and derived muropeptides in experimental colitis were evaluated. "
08/01/2011 - "Anti-inflammatory capacity of selected lactobacilli in experimental colitis is driven by NOD2-mediated recognition of a specific peptidoglycan-derived muropeptide."
01/01/1996 - "Chronic granulomatous colitis with liver and spleen inflammation was induced by subserosal (intramural) injection of purified peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG/PS) into the distal colon. "
12/01/2001 - "The aims of our study were 1) to evaluate the effect of CAPE on cytokine production, NF-kappaB, and apoptosis in two cell lines; 2) to assess the effect of CAPE on NF-kappaB in rats with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS)-induced colitis; and 3) to evaluate the efficacy of CAPE against this colitis. "

08/01/2015 - "tuberculosis peptidoglycan, although appearing to be unexceptional at first glance, contains a number of unique molecular subtleties that become particularly important as the TB-bacilli enters into nonreplicative growth during dormancy. "
12/01/2013 - "tuberculosis up-regulates many genes annotated for the synthesis of peptidoglycan. "
02/17/2012 - "tuberculosis and also associates with a soluble peptide intermediate of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. "
02/01/2012 - "tuberculosis which is predicted to play a role in peptidoglycan synthesis. "
02/01/2012 - "tuberculosis, a crucial enzyme in the cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. "