Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)

A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3409 relevant articles (221 outcomes, 472 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Dehpour, Ahmad Reza: 52 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Shafaroodi, Hamed: 27 articles (09/2015 - 04/2004)
3.	Obniska, Jolanta: 26 articles (09/2015 - 12/2003)
4.	Kamiński, Krzysztof: 22 articles (09/2015 - 03/2005)
5.	Stables, James P: 21 articles (06/2013 - 03/2002)
6.	Czuczwar, Stanisław J: 18 articles (06/2015 - 03/2002)
7.	Chen, Zhong: 18 articles (12/2014 - 04/2002)
8.	Luszczki, Jarogniew J: 18 articles (12/2012 - 05/2003)
9.	Czuczwar, Stanislaw J: 18 articles (12/2011 - 05/2003)
10.	Ghasemi, Mehdi: 17 articles (09/2011 - 06/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 07/01/2000 - "Most of the compounds provided significant protection against maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) at 100 mg/kg after 0.5 h and at 300 mg/kg after 4 h in both MES and pentetrazole-induced (PTZ) seizures. " 04/01/1987 - "Most pyrazolines (100 mg/kg) provided 20-80% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. " 05/01/1978 - "The N-acyl-substituted 2-p fluorobenzylthioimidazolines were the most active compounds, producing protection against maximal electroshock seizures and tonic convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol. " 01/01/1990 - "2-Ethylcyclohexanone was very effective against pentylenetetrazol seizures but did not prevent maximal electroshock seizures. " 03/01/1983 - "Compared with PB, PEMA was 16 times less potent against electroshock and Metrazol seizures but only 8 times less toxic. "
2.	Absence Epilepsy (Absence Seizure) 10/01/1980 - "It is concluded that FEAD is a valid absence seizure model with a pharmacological predictive value that is at least as good as the metrazol model." 09/01/1953 - "Intracarotid and intravertebral metrazol in petit mal epilepsy." 07/15/2000 - "The DMF ternary complex was also found to be effective in the subcutaneous injection of metrazol model of petit mal epilepsy. " 04/01/1997 - "Traditional methods of preclinical screening have predicted the effects of a putative antiepileptic drug (AED) against human absence seizures by testing its efficacy against clonic seizures in the high-dose pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model. " 11/15/2007 - "Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling in rodents is considered a model of human absence epilepsy and myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic seizure. "
3.	Epilepsy (Aura) 06/01/2014 - "The present study is to explore the change process and distribution of phosphorylated DARPP-32 (p-DARPP-32) in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum and to further deduce whether p-DARPP-32 was possibly involved in epilepsy induced by repetitive low doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). " 03/24/2011 - "Thus, by using a rat pentylenetetrazol model, electroencephalogram (EEG), Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, the present study provided direct evidence that myelin sheath damage in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex started in the early stage of epileptic seizures induction and lasted with no further increase in severity in the development of epileptic seizures. " 01/25/2011 - "Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is an epileptogenic agent, which is widely used in the determination of epilepsy-induced alterations and in the assessment of anticonvulsant agents in epileptic studies. " 08/01/1966 - "[Electroencephalographic study on epileptic seizure induced by metrazol injection, with special reference to the origin of the excitatory discharge]." 07/01/1961 - "[Electroencephalographic study of a new analeptic, dioxone, in the diagnosis of epilepsy and its comparison with pentamethylenetetrazole]."
4.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 07/01/2015 - "A pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus model in rats was used in the study. " 06/01/1998 - "Previous studies from our group have shown that pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE) leads to age-dependent acute and long-term metabolic and circulatory changes in immature rats. " 11/01/1995 - "In the present study, we measured the effects of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in rats at postnatal age 10 (P10) or 21 days (P21). " 07/01/1995 - "all the structures metabolically characterized as most vulnerable to pentylenetetrazol-induced status epilepticus in our previous study [Pereira de Vasconcelos A. " 11/01/2014 - "We have previously reported that an episode of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in immature rats induces a long-term increase in cholinergic excitation assessed in the adult brain in vitro. "
5.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 03/01/1962 - "[Studies on the light-cardiazol threshold in schizophrenia (correlations with the sedation threshold)]." 03/01/2006 - "Devised on a dubious hypothesis of biological antagonism, Cardiazol armed psychiatry with an immediately effective weapon in the battle against schizophrenia, an enduring and debilitating condition responsible for over half of the mental hospital population. " 01/01/1947 - "Comparative results of electric shock and metrazol treatments of dementia praecox." 07/01/1939 - "FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS BY MUSCULAR VIOLENCE, COMPLICATING CONVULISONS INDUCED BY METRAZOL FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA." 04/01/1938 - "Cardiazol Convulsion Therapy in Schizophrenia: (Section of Psychiatry)."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Diazepam (Valium)
2.	Picrotoxin
3.	Bicuculline
4.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)
5.	Strychnine
6.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)
7.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
8.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)
9.	Kainic Acid (Kainate)
10.	Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Oral Administration
3.	Injections
4.	Subcutaneous Injections
5.	Ketogenic Diet