Pellagra

A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).

Also Known As:

Networked: 285 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dermatitis
2.	Diarrhea
3.	Dementia (Dementias)
4.	Neurologic Manifestations (Neurological Manifestations)
5.	Hallucinations (Hallucination)

Experts

1.	Shibata, Katsumi: 3 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
2.	Fukuwatari, Tsutomu: 3 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
3.	Williams, Adrian C: 3 articles (01/2013 - 01/2007)
4.	Lanska, Douglas J: 3 articles (01/2012 - 01/2010)
5.	Cheung, Edith: 3 articles (09/2007 - 01/2007)
6.	van den Briel, Tina: 3 articles (09/2007 - 01/2007)
7.	Prakash, Ravi: 2 articles (09/2015 - 11/2008)
8.	da Cunha, Daniel Ferreira: 2 articles (06/2015 - 09/2004)
9.	Vannucchi, Helio: 2 articles (06/2015 - 09/2004)
10.	Sugita, Kazunari: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pellagra:

1.	Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to identify the causal mutation in the pellagra-like condition and investigate the mechanism by which niacin confers clinical benefit. " 12/01/2006 - "The study was divided into two phases: in Phase 1 we studied ten patients with pellagra before treatment with niacin, and in Phase 2 we studied the same patients after 27 days of treatment with niacin. " 12/01/2006 - "The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of niacin supplementation on intestinal permeability and oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic pellagra. " 07/01/1986 - "[Encephalopathy caused by nicotinic acid deficiency (pellagra) in a chronic alcoholic patient: necropsy study]." 07/01/1941 - "STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PELLAGRA (NICOTINIC ACID DEFICIENCY)."
2.	VitaminsIBA 01/01/2010 - "Vitamin fortification of foodstuffs during World War II ultimately eradicated endemic pellagra in the United States. " 01/01/1946 - "Pellagra, a study in human nutrition; the multiple-factor principle of the determination of minimum vitamin requirements." 01/01/2010 - "In the United States, pellagra became epidemic among poor Southerners in the early 20th century, in part because of economically-driven reliance on monotonous, nutritionally inadequate diets, combined with new manufacturing methods that removed vitamins from processed grain. " 04/08/1993 - " Yet, when the body demand increases as a result of a rehabilitation diet poor in vitamins and minerals but high in protein or calories, clinical deficiency symptoms emerge, e.g., pellagra in Mozambique. " 01/01/1982 - "Moreover, the more recent aspects concerning the aetiological factors responsible for the appearance of Pellagra, with special emphasis to vitamins, is reported."
3.	Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1935 - "Flavin and the pellagra-preventing factor as separate constituents of a complex vitamin B(2)." 07/11/1931 - "VITAMIN B(2) AND PELLAGRA: THE ETIOLOGY OF PELLAGRA." 01/01/1930 - "The heat-stability of the (antidermatitis, "anti-pellagra") water-soluble vitamin B(2). " 07/31/1931 - "1. Isolated cases of a dermatitis resembling histologically that of human pellagra have occurred in rats supplied with sufficient vitamin B(2) (G) in the form of beef extract or neutral autoclaved yeast to produce good growth. " 07/31/1931 - "IS THE RAT DERMATITIS CONSEQUENT ON VITAMIN B(2) (G) DEFICIENCY TRUE PELLAGRA?"
4.	Tryptophan (L-Tryptophan)FDA Link 03/01/2012 - "The tryptophan is an important biomarker owing to its highly regulated physiological process in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and pellagra like diseases. " 07/01/1997 - "It is known that deaths attributable to pellagra, which is considered to be a disease caused by the disturbance of tryptophan metabolism, have been approximately two-fold higher in women than in men. " 02/01/1997 - "In the current case, the pathogenesis of pellagra may be accounted to wastage of tryptophan by an increased pool of intestinal argyrophilic cells, suggested by increased urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid." 05/01/1987 - "Pellagra treated with tryptophan." 06/01/1982 - "Plasma tryptophan in pellagra patients was 2.07 +/- 1.27 mumol/dl, and in the controls 4.84 +/- 2.21 mumol/dl (p less than 0.001). "
5.	Vitamin B Complex (B Vitamins)IBA 01/01/1959 - "[Bacteriogram of stool culture from patients with chronic or endemic pellagra, and on a pellagrogenic diet compared with subjects receiving vitamin B complex]." 09/01/1981 - "Since present-day refining and food selection patterns, as well as pure corn diets, deplete both the B vitamins and W3-EFA, the existence of therapeutically cross-reacting homologous catalyst and substrate deficiency forms of pellagra are postulated, the first contributing to the B vitamin deficiency epidemics of 50-100 years ago, the second to the more recent endemic "Diseases of Western Civilization" which express in certain genetic subgroups as the major mental illnesses of today." 01/01/2010 - "This historical review addresses major neurological disorders associated with deficiencies of water-soluble B vitamins: beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, pellagra, neural tube defects, and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. " 05/01/2014 - "Alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy should be managed with niacin, other B vitamins and adequate protein nutrition. " 05/01/2000 - "We traced chronological changes in pellagra mortality and morbidity and compared them with the development of federal regulations, state laws, and other national activities pertaining to the fortification of cereal-grain products with niacin and other B vitamins. "
6.	Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2012 - "Because L-Trp is also a precursor to nicotinamide, administration of the free form of L-Trp is a very good method of preventing pellagra. " 01/01/2012 - "Whenever pellagra is suspected, treatment with oral nicotinamide (100 mg three times daily for 3-4 weeks) prior to laboratory confirmation is recommended as an inexpensive, safe, and potentially life-saving intervention." 11/01/2005 - "Arguably Pellagra would have disappeared if dietary measures suggested at the time had been implemented before Nicotinamide was even discovered. " 11/01/2005 - "Enrichment of diet with Nicotinamide in the West was introduced in the 1940s to prevent the dietary deficiency disorder Pellagra. " 12/01/2004 - "Pellagra, which is due to nicotinamide deficiency, is a disease rarely seen in this country. "
7.	ZincIBA 05/01/1995 - "The objective of the present study was to assess zinc nutritional status in alcoholic patients with pellagra using plasma, hair, urine and nail zinc levels, as well as the zinc tolerance test. " 05/01/1995 - "We suggest that hair and nail zinc levels should not be used to assess zinc nutritional status in patients with pellagra." 05/01/1995 - "Plasma zinc levels were lower in patients with pellagra than in the controls (P < 0.01). " 05/01/1995 - "Assessment of zinc nutritional status of pellagra patients." 04/01/1979 - "Zinc deficiency, pellagra, or both?"
8.	Thiamine (Aneurin)FDA Link 01/01/1982 - "Of the three pellagra patients in the study, none showed biochemical vitamin B1 deficiency. " 06/01/2011 - "Because of lack of response to thiamine therapy, we concluded that the psychosis and laryngitis were caused by pellagra. " 06/01/2011 - "She was diagnosed with pellagra after detection of decreased serum levels of niacin and thiamine. " 04/13/1996 - "The isolated administration of vitamin B1, without concomitant vitamin B6 and nicotinamide may precipitate potentially life-threatening pellagra encephalopathy. " 08/01/1988 - "The relationship between pellagra occurring during thiamine and pyridoxine therapy and 'nicotinic acid deficiency' is discussed. "
9.	Black hairy tongueIBA 07/01/1928 - "A Study of the Tissue Changes in Experimental Black Tongue of Dogs Compared with Similar Changes in Pellagra." 01/01/2010 - "From 1914-1929, Goldberger completed well-designed epidemiologic investigations, tested theories with human experiments, and utilized an animal model ("black tongue" in dogs) - all strongly supporting a dietary deficiency explanation for pellagra over prevailing toxic and infectious theories. " 01/01/2010 - "In 1937 Elvehjem isolated the P-P (pellagra preventive) factor, identified it as nicotinic acid (niacin), and demonstrated that nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide cure black tongue in dogs. " 11/01/1969 - "The role of leucine in the pathogenesis of canine black-tongue and pellagra." 07/31/1931 - "3. It is suggested that dermatitis in rats may be of diverse type; one resulting from vitamin B(2) (G) deficiency quite different histologically from human pellagra, and one closely allied to human pellagra and black tongue in dogs due to lack of some at present unidentified factor."
10.	Isoleucine (L-Isoleucine)FDA Link 11/27/1971 - "Effect of isoleucine on skin and electroencephalogram in pellagra." 04/01/1938 - "Studies on the vitamin B complex: Experiments on the effect of isoleucine on the "pellagra-like" dermatitis in rats."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1968 - "[Neurological form of pellagra induced by antitubercular chemotherapy]." 12/10/1960 - "Changes in nutritional sun-sensitivity (pellagra) and during cytostatic drug therapy." 01/01/1983 - "Pellagra secondary to antituberculous chemotherapy can result from isoniazide therapy, as well as from pyrazinamide treatment. " 01/01/1983 - "Pellagra probably due to pyrazinamide: development during combined chemotherapy of tuberculosis." 10/01/2010 - "[Two cases of pellagra associated with chemotherapy of docetaxel, estramustine, dexamethasone]."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/15/1998 - "Recognition of pellagra is important; the prognosis is good after treatment." 06/01/1959 - "Gastroscopic findings in pellagra; their correlation with the clinical manifestations before and after treatment." 12/01/2006 - "The results suggest that niacin and vitamin E deficiency in patients with pellagra could be important factors in increased intestinal permeability and decreased antioxidant conditions, recovering to normal values after treatment with niacin, associated to alcohol abstinence and a balanced diet."
3.	Protein-Restricted Diet (Diet, Protein Restricted) 09/15/2012 - "Despite the combination of low-niacin with a low-protein diet, plasma niacin concentrations remained normal in ace2 null mice and no pellagra symptoms, such as photosensitive skin rash or ataxia, were observed. "
4.	Nutritional Support (Artificial Feeding) 10/01/2005 - "Manifestation of pellagra is a less sensitive indicator, and dependence on this endpoint could lead to a lack of appropriate nutritional support for this group of patients."
5.	Gastroplasty (Vertical-Banded Gastroplasty) 04/01/2000 - "[Pellagra-like erythema following vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity]."