Lice Infestations (Pediculosis)

Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)

Also Known As:

Pediculosis; Lice Infestation; Infestation, Lice; Infestations, Lice; Pediculoses

Networked: 219 relevant articles (36 outcomes, 36 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Scabies (Sarcoptic Mange)
2.	Infections
3.	Rheumatic Diseases (Rheumatism)
4.	Coinfection
5.	Skin Diseases (Skin Disease)

Experts

1.	Lee, Si Hyeock: 3 articles (01/2016 - 05/2010)
2.	Yoon, Kyong Sup: 3 articles (01/2016 - 05/2010)
3.	Clark, J Marshall: 3 articles (03/2014 - 05/2010)
4.	Karlsen, Marius: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
5.	Leknes, Lisa Marie: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
6.	Olsen, Rolf Hetlelid: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
7.	Tartor, Haitham: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
8.	Gholizadeh, Saber: 2 articles (11/2021 - 01/2017)
9.	Taghilou, Behrooz: 2 articles (11/2021 - 01/2017)
10.	St-Hilaire, Sophie: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lice Infestations:

1.	Ivermectin (Mectizan)FDA Link 12/01/2016 - "This study demonstrates that oral ivermectin is highly effective for the treatment of pediculosis compared with shampoo, but also suggests that ivermectin resistance may emerge during treatment." 12/01/1983 - "In the case of the lice infestations, ivermectin was highly effective against 3 species of Linognathus, but ineffective against the 2 Damalinia species present." 01/30/2019 - "Based on this study, ivermectin injected via a subcutaneous route can be used effectively for the therapeutic and prophylactic management of chewing lice infestation in goats maintained under an extensive grazing system." 05/01/2012 - "Ivermectin was also effective in managing the concurrent scalp pediculosis." 09/01/1994 - "Efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of head lice (Pediculosis capitis)."
2.	Permethrin (Ambush)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2005 - "It was found that 173 (97.29%) of the 178 students who applied the prescribed medications were cured, indicating that interestingly 1% permethrin shampoo (Kwellada) is an effective and safe treatment choice for pediculosis capitis." 07/01/1994 - "In conclusion, 1% permethrin shampoo or lotion in an effective and safe treatment for pediculosis capitis." 10/01/2005 - "Although, there are a number of different treatment modalities, at the present study, we investigated the efficacy of permethrin in the treatment of pediculosis capitis in children. " 11/01/2023 - "Comparing the efficacy of three methods of permethrin application in pediculosis capitis: A randomized clinical trial." 11/01/1985 - "The efficacy of permethrin lotion in pediculosis capitis."
3.	Malathion (Karbofos)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1988 - "Efficacy of a malathion lotion for the treatment of pediculosis capitis." 09/09/1972 - "Malathion-resistant pediculosis capitis." 07/01/1996 - "A study was conducted in a semi-urban community of Pune for estimating the prevalence of pediculosis (head lice) and evaluating the relative efficacy of d-phenothrin and malathion. " 07/01/1996 - "COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF d-PHENOTHRIN AND MALATHION IN THE CONTROL OF PEDICULOSIS." 08/01/1993 - "Although pharmacists sold a range of different classes of insecticide, the most popular were those that contained malathion, the treatment for pediculosis recommended by the Health Board. "
4.	InsecticidesIBA 12/21/2018 - "This study presents a plasma device in its current stage of development that is engineered as a consumer product to enable an alternative physical and insecticide-free option for the treatment of pediculosis. " 01/01/1994 - "The objectives of these studies on the treatment of scalp pediculosis is either the development of efficient insecticides or the application for the official permit of sale." 06/01/2020 - "Several treatment options, including shampoos and creams containing insecticides, have been introduced for the treatment of pediculosis. " 01/01/2017 - "In recent years, the prevalence of pediculosis has increased in children; this increase has been attributed to louse resistance to the insecticides used as a control measure for infestation. " 02/01/2006 - "The data were obtained from standardised face to face interviews of the mothers with detailed questions on parental occupational history, home and garden insecticide use, and insecticidal treatment of pediculosis. "
5.	DDTIBA 01/01/1957 - "[Effectiveness of DDT-impregnated textile in control of pediculosis]." 11/10/1949 - "The use of wettable DDT in pediculosis." 04/01/1989 - "The application of DDT helped to reduce scabies and pediculosis, resulting in decreasing typhus risks. " 04/01/1946 - "DDT in the treatment of scabies, larva migrans and pediculosis pubis." 05/01/1948 - "Studies on the use of DDT and phenyl cellosolve for control of pediculosis in villages in Colombia."
6.	dimethicone (dimethyl polysiloxane)IBA 01/01/2021 - "It is recommended dimeticone lotion (4%) as a very effective and safe pediculicide for pediculosis control. " 01/01/2013 - "After 7 days of treatment with dimeticone 4%, 7/23 (30.4%) positive children still had lice infestation, with a cure rate of 69.6% (16/23). " 01/01/2013 - "Efficacy and Safety of Dimeticone in the Treatment of Lice Infestation through Prophylaxis of Classmates." 01/01/2008 - "The present study provides the first convincing explanation of the mode of action of the medical device NYDA, a special dimeticone (CAS 9006-65-9) formula containing 92% of two dimeticones with different viscosities specifically designed for the physical treatment of head lice infestations (pediculosis capitis) by suffocation. " 01/01/2020 - "Our main results can be summarized as follows: (i) early detection is crucial for quick and efficient eradication of lice infestations; (ii) dimeticone-based products applied every 4 days effectively remove lice in at most three applications even in case of severe infestations and (iii) minimization of the reinfection risk, e.g. "
7.	imidaclopridIBA 04/01/1999 - "A clinical field trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid, the active ingredient of Advantage 10% Spot-On, against natural lice infestations on dogs. " 06/01/2008 - "Use of a formulation containing imidacloprid and moxidectin in the treatment of lice infestation in guinea pigs." 06/01/2008 - "Ten guinea pigs infested with Gliricola porcelli were free of adult lice and eggs, and of adverse reactions, 30 days after treatment, with a single application of 0.05 mL of a solution containing 10% (w/v) imidacloprid and 1% (w/v) moxidectin indicating that this procedure is an effective treatment for lice infestations in guinea pigs."
8.	crotamiton (Eurax)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1982 - "A single application of 10% crotamiton lotion cured 96% of the 49 patients treated for pediculosis capitis. " 12/01/1982 - "A single application of crotamiton lotion in the treatment of patients with pediculosis capitis." 10/01/1990 - "For parasitic arthropods, crotamiton and piretoids have been helpful in treating scabies and pediculosis, respectively."
9.	spinosadIBA 09/01/2009 - "Spinosad is a more convenient and effective treatment for pediculosis capitis." 10/01/2011 - "Spinosad: in pediculosis capitis." 07/01/2011 - "English-language articles indexed in MEDLINE (1948-May 2011), Toxline, Google Scholar, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2011), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1981-May 2011) were identified, using the search terms spinosad, head lice, and pediculosis capitis. " 09/01/2009 - "Studies compared spinosad creme rinse and permethrin lice treatment under "actual-use" conditions for pediculosis capitis (head lice). " 09/01/2012 - "A 0.9% suspension of spinosad, a naturally occurring pest control product, has recently been approved by the USFDA for treatment of pediculosis capitis. "
10.	Benzyl Alcohol (Benzenemethanol)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "The clinical trials supporting benzyl alcohol lotion 5% (Ulesfia): a safe and effective topical treatment for head lice (pediculosis humanus capitis)." 10/10/2023 - "Benzyl alcohol (BA) has been frequently used to treat pediculosis and scabies, and it may be an effective alternative to commonly used acaricides. " 09/01/2015 - "Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals have changed the available treatment options for Pediculosis capitis, including benzyl alcohol, topical ivermectin, spinosad, and the LouseBuster. " 03/01/2013 - "Recent developments in the treatment of pediculosis capitis including spinosad 0.9% suspension, benzyl alcohol 5% lotion, dimethicone 4% lotion, isopropyl myristate 50% rinse, and other suffocants are discussed within the context of evidence derived from randomized controlled trials and key findings of a recent systematic review. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2008 - "Ten guinea pigs infested with Gliricola porcelli were free of adult lice and eggs, and of adverse reactions, 30 days after treatment, with a single application of 0.05 mL of a solution containing 10% (w/v) imidacloprid and 1% (w/v) moxidectin indicating that this procedure is an effective treatment for lice infestations in guinea pigs."
2.	Traditional Medicine (Folk Remedies) 02/01/1996 - "The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify unsafe uses of prescription, over-the-counter and home remedies used in the treatment of pediculosis. " 04/01/2018 - "Treatment of Scabies and Pediculosis in Health Education Publications and Folk Medicine of Eastern Croatia - Slavonija, Baranja, and Western Srijem County." 09/19/2013 - "Infusions of its leaves and twigs are used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism and renal colic, whereas the seed powder is mixed with water to treat pediculosis. " 03/01/2012 - "In folk medicine the infusion of its leaves and twigs is used to treat rheumatism and renal colic, whereas the seed powder is mixed with water to treat pediculosis. "
3.	Condoms (Condom) 11/01/1998 - "During the 38-month study period and with strong recommendation of condom use for sexual intercourse, condyloma acuminatum (7%), scabies (6%), syphilis (4%) and genital herpes (3%) were commonly diagnosed, followed by gonorrhoea (1.8%), NGU (1.6%), genital candida infection (1.5%), pediculosis pubis (0.6%) and trichomoniasis (0.3%). "
4.	Therapeutics 09/01/2023 - "A proper therapy of pediculosis requires screening and treatment of all close contacts. " 01/01/2022 - "The data were extracted into 2 primary categories, including challenges and facilitators to controlling pediculosis, each with several subcategories as follows: 1) economic-political aspects; 2) family factors; 3) social-cultural elements; 4) personal and mental issues; 5) geographical position of the investigated region; 6) school and education factors; and 7) factors related to medications and therapy. " 11/01/2007 - "The therapy of pediculosis remains a common problem in clinical practice. " 10/10/2007 - "Pediculosis of the body affects populations with very poor sanitation conditions; simple hygiene measures are the cornerstone of therapy. " 01/01/1983 - "Pediculosis therapy."
5.	Baths 01/01/2016 - "Likewise, begging, a history of pubic lice, and not taking showers in municipal baths were associated with pediculosis corporis in public places. " 03/01/2015 - "The infestation rates observed and the evaluation of the questionnaire showed that there is a statistically significant relationships between pediculosis capitis and sex, level of family income, education level of the mother, number of baths taken per weekly, number of family members living in the same home, room number per capita, and hair length (p<0.001). "