Patulin

4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.

Also Known As:

Networked: 88 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Jiang, Liping: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
2.	Liu, Xiaofang: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
3.	Sun, Xiance: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
4.	Wang, Shaopeng: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
5.	Yang, Guang: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
6.	Yao, Xiaofeng: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
7.	Zhang, Cong: 2 articles (05/2022 - 05/2018)
8.	Ansari, Kausar Mahmood: 2 articles (05/2022 - 10/2018)
9.	Pal, Saurabh: 2 articles (05/2022 - 10/2018)
10.	Singh, Neha: 2 articles (05/2022 - 10/2018)

Related Diseases

1.	Infections 01/01/2023 - "However, it is not clear whether H3K4 methylation is related to infection and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium. " 01/01/2022 - "Following Koch's postulates, we determined that multiple untested rosaceous fruits and popular apple cultivars are susceptible to Paecilomyces rot infection and that these infected fruits contain significant levels of patulin. " 01/01/2021 - "To date, the nutritional requirements of the pathogen during infection and patulin biosynthesis are poorly understood. " 09/25/2020 - "Protection of Citrus Fruits from Postharvest Infection with Penicillium digitatum and Degradation of Patulin by Biocontrol Yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146." 02/02/2018 - "It was previously shown that patulin represents a colonization factor for the infection of apples. "
2.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer) 03/01/2017 - "To determine the efficacy of patulin as a therapeutic strategy for cervical and colorectal cancers, we investigated its effects on HeLa,SW-48, and MRC-5 cell lines. " 03/01/2017 - "In vitro antitumor activity of patulin on cervical and colorectal cancer cell lines." 04/01/2012 - "In this regard, patulin could be a candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancers." 04/01/2012 - "ATF3 expression was also increased by patulin in other colorectal cancer cell types, Caco2 and SW620. " 04/01/2012 - "Patulin induces colorectal cancer cells apoptosis through EGR-1 dependent ATF3 up-regulation."
3.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 11/01/1978 - "Resorption of all implanted embryos occurred at 2.0 mg/kg/day of patulin, while a significant reduction in the average body weight of 19-day-old fetuses from patulin-treated mothers, compared to control fetuses, was noticed at 1.5 mg/kg/day without any lethal effects on the implanted embryos. " 10/01/2020 - "The estimated intake of patulin for consumers ranged from 5.4 to 18.0 ng kg-1 body weight per day for apple juice and between 6.1 and 11.2 ng kg-1 body weight for apple-containing beverages. " 09/03/2015 - "Animals from the experimental groups (group E♂, n = 3; group E♀, n = 4) were injected intramuscularly with patulin at dose 10 μg/kg body weight two times a week for 28 days. " 01/01/2008 - "The estimated intake of patulin ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng kg(-1) body weight for the whole population and from 0.3 to 5.1 ng kg(-1) body weight for the consumers only. " 11/01/2007 - "Based on these results and juice consumption by the Spanish adult population, patulin estimated intake was 0.42 ng kg(-1) body weight per day."
4.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 05/25/2018 - "Patulin induced ROS-dependent autophagic cell death in Human Hepatoma G2 cells." 01/01/1986 - "Morphological alterations induced by patulin on cultured hepatoma cells." 06/06/2020 - "Among these, aspergilsmin C (3) and patulin displayed promising anticancer activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells and prostate cancer PC-3 cells with IC50 values between 2.7-7.3 μM. " 02/01/1995 - "Patulin-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in hepatoma tissue culture." 01/01/1986 - "To evaluate its inhibitory effect on cells, hepatoma tissue culture cells in suspension were incubated in presence of 30 microM of patulin for 7 h and investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. "
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 12/31/2020 - "Furthermore, 6-hydroxycoumarin and meticrane caused a 60 and 41% reduction of patulin production, respectively, in vivo on apples at 100 µg/wound." 11/29/1974 - "[Histopothological studies of injuries induced in mice with intraperitoneal and intracerebral injections of patulin]." 04/20/2022 - "Selenium-Enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 Alleviates Patulin-Induced Jejunum Injuries in Mice and Its Possible Mechanisms." 06/15/2002 - "In addition to being toxic for animals, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic, patulin induces intestinal injuries, including epithelial cell degeneration, inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhages. " 10/02/2021 - "Penicillium expansum is a necrotrophic wound fungal pathogen that secrets virulence factors to kill host cells including cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), proteases, and mycotoxins such as patulin. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	2-hexenal
2.	Mycotoxins
3.	T-2 Toxin (T 2 Toxin)
4.	deoxynivalenol
5.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)
6.	Toll-Like Receptors (Toll-Like Receptor)
7.	Cytokines
8.	Sulfur
9.	Solutions
10.	Ozone

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Chemoprevention
3.	Lasers (Laser)
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections
5.	Oral Administration