Parturient Paresis

A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized by hypocalcemia, occurs at or shortly after parturition in cows and within weeks before or after parturition in ewes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 91 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypocalcemia
2.	Fever (Fevers)
3.	Ketosis
4.	Bone Resorption
5.	Retained Placenta

Experts

1.	Braun, U: 8 articles (06/2012 - 03/2004)
2.	Hässig, M: 8 articles (06/2012 - 03/2004)
3.	Bleul, U: 6 articles (03/2009 - 05/2004)
4.	Liesegang, A: 3 articles (03/2009 - 10/2007)
5.	Siegwart, N: 3 articles (06/2007 - 03/2004)
6.	Staufenbiel, Rudolf: 2 articles (07/2008 - 05/2006)
7.	Gelfert, Carl-Christian: 2 articles (07/2008 - 05/2006)
8.	Dumelin, J: 2 articles (10/2007 - 06/2007)
9.	Salis, F: 2 articles (05/2004 - 03/2004)
10.	Blatter, M: 1 article (06/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Parturient Paresis:

1.	CalciumIBA 03/01/2006 - "The goal of the present study was to evaluate a calcium dose that was higher than the conventional dose for treatment of parturient paresis in cows. " 03/01/1975 - "Prevention of parturient paresis by a low-calcium diet prepartum: a field study." 07/01/2008 - "Some of the researchers found a lower incidence of parturient paresis when cows were fed a combination of AS and a higher amount of calcium, but some other researches did not. " 03/01/2006 - "Our results indicate that increasing the dose of calcium administered does not improve the recovery rate of cows with parturient paresis." 03/01/2006 - "[Treatment of parturient paresis with high-dose calcium]."
2.	Calcium Chloride (Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1996 - "Administration of a precalving dose of calcium chloride gel is necessary to reduce the incidence of parturient paresis, but postcalving treatment alone has other beneficial effects." 09/01/1996 - "The incidence of parturient paresis was lower in cows that received the precalving dose of calcium chloride gel (0/39) than in cows that did not receive the precalving dose (5/63). " 01/01/1971 - "[Prophylactic treatment of parturient paresis with calcium chloride gel]." 09/01/1996 - "Calcium chloride gel treatment also resulted in significantly reduced incidence of parturient paresis, parturient hypocalcemia, and displaced abomasum. " 07/01/2008 - "The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate or a combination of these two substances administered orally immediately postpartum for the prevention of parturient paresis in cows. "
3.	sodium phosphate (trisodium phosphate)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2008 - "The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate or a combination of these two substances administered orally immediately postpartum for the prevention of parturient paresis in cows. " 07/01/2008 - "[Efficacy of oral calcium and/or sodium phosphate in the prevention of parturient paresis in cows]." 07/01/2008 - "The results of this study showed that cows treated with both calcium chloride and sodium phosphate orally tended to have a lower incidence of parturient paresis. " 03/07/2009 - "Effect of intravenous calcium borogluconate and sodium phosphate in cows with parturient paresis." 07/01/2008 - "Further investigation into multiple administrations of oral calcium chloride and sodium phosphate, started before parturition, for the prevention of parturient paresis is required."
4.	MagnesiumIBA 10/01/1995 - "In the present study, the case of parturient paresis of dairy cows is reexamined with a newly developed technique for the measurements of serum ionized magnesium concentrations (Mg2+). " 11/12/1977 - "There was no evidence that the added magnesium to the calcium solution improved the clinical response of parturient paresis cases in this spring claving season, as had been suggested previously. " 03/01/2006 - "Thirty cows with parturient paresis received 1000 ml of 40 per cent calcium borogluconate solution supplemented with 6 per cent magnesium hypophosphite. " 04/01/1979 - "During the entire sampling period, phosphorus and estradiol were similar in both groups while magnesium was higher and calcium lower in cows with parturient paresis. " 12/01/2005 - "Effects of long-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on incidence of parturient paresis and serum concentrations of total calcium, phosphate, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in dairy cows."
5.	1-hydroxycholecalciferol (alfacalcidol)IBA 01/10/1987 - "Efficacy of 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis." 10/01/1988 - "Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in prevention of bovine parturient paresis. " 08/01/1987 - "Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis. " 11/01/1986 - "Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 to prevent bovine parturient paresis. " 06/21/1980 - "Observations of the use of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis."
6.	calcium propionateIBA 07/01/1998 - "A comparative study of the effectiveness of calcium propionate and calcium chloride for the prevention of parturient paresis in dairy cows." 07/01/1998 - "The efficacy of calcium propionate for the prevention of parturient paresis (milk fever) was compared with that of calcium chloride using 194 cows that had experienced milk fever during the previous calving. "
7.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1987 - "A study was conducted to determine the impact of dietary P intake on vitamin D metabolism and incidence of parturient paresis in aged dairy cows. " 06/01/1993 - "[Does the administration of derivatives of vitamin D to dairy cows in late pregnancy for the prevention of parturient paresis affect the maternal-fetal mineral metabolism?]." 03/01/1955 - "VITAMIN D in prevention of parturient paresis." 08/01/1954 - "Vitamin D; parturient paresis preventive." 12/01/1991 - "The investigations were carried out to evaluate potential side effects of a prophylaxis with high doses of vitamin D3 and vitamin D metabolites in parturient paresis. "
8.	Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)FDA Link 01/01/1971 - "[A field trial on the effect of vitamin D 3 against parturient paresis]." 10/01/1984 - "The assayed values in the colostrum of the group with large amounts of vitamin D3 administered before delivery to prevent parturient paresis were higher than those in the group with no administration. " 02/01/1978 - "It is concluded that vitamin D3 does not have any prophylactic effect in parturient paresis in cows in Eastern Norway." 02/01/1978 - "There were no significant differences in the incidence of parturient paresis in cows injected with vitamin D3 during the periods less than 2, 2--4, 5--8 and greater than 8 days before parturition. " 02/01/1978 - "The incidence of clinical parturient paresis in cows given vitamin D3 was 44.3 per cent. "
9.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "Therefore the present study was performed to investigate if spontaneous disease (parturient paresis, metritis, ketosis etc) in dairy cows results in elevated concentrations of glucose and cortisol in blood as cortisol is the major regulator of glucose in ruminants. " 05/01/1993 - "There is a diminished uptake of glucose by the tissues, a condition also found in parturient paresis of dairy cows when elevated hydrocortisone promotes insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. "
10.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "Therefore the present study was performed to investigate if spontaneous disease (parturient paresis, metritis, ketosis etc) in dairy cows results in elevated concentrations of glucose and cortisol in blood as cortisol is the major regulator of glucose in ruminants. " 05/01/1993 - "There is a diminished uptake of glucose by the tissues, a condition also found in parturient paresis of dairy cows when elevated hydrocortisone promotes insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions 03/13/2004 - "Slow intravenous infusion of calcium in cows with parturient paresis." 06/01/2007 - "Our findings do not support the hypothesis that oral treatment with 350 g of sodium phosphate together with intravenous infusion of calcium in cows with parturient paresis results in an improved outcome, even though all the cows had hypophosphataemia as well as hypocalcaemia."
2.	Intramuscular Injections 12/01/1977 - "Four trials involved intravenous or intramuscular injections of 1alpha-hydroxyvitavin D3 to test efficacy in preventing parturient paresis. " 02/01/1978 - "The prophylactic effect in parturient paresis of an intramuscular injection of 10 million i.u. " 08/12/1978 - "Intramuscular injections of 4 or 8 mg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D3) in 5 ml corn oil given three days before the predicted calving date and repeated at weekly intervals until calving effectively reduced the incidence of parturient paresis. " 12/01/1977 - "Intramuscular injections of .1 mg in 2 ml propylene glycol and .3, .5, and 1.0 mg in 5 ml corn oil resulted in 0, 15.7, 20, and 0% incidence of parturient paresis compared with 33, 16.7, 37.5, and 37.5% incidence of parturient paresis in the controls. "
3.	Injections 05/01/1988 - "Injections of 100 micrograms of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced the incidence of parturient paresis to 43% (3/7), whereas 150 micrograms injections of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced the incidence of parturient paresis to 29% (4/14). " 10/17/1981 - "Study of combined injections of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecaldiferol and cloprostenol in the prevention of parturient paresis."
4.	Oral Administration 06/01/2012 - "Based on our results, the oral administration of calcium lactate can not be recommended for prophylaxis of bovine parturient paresis." 06/01/2012 - "The oral administration of calcium lactate for prophylaxis of bovine parturient paresis has been promoted for a number of years. " 06/01/2007 - "The goal of this study was to determine whether oral administration of sodium phosphate in conjunction with intravenous calcium is more efficaceous than intravenous calcium alone for the treatment of parturient paresis. "
5.	Anesthesia 01/01/1982 - "Halothane anesthesia was used to create this artificial parturient paresis-like position. "